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Apologetics > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Monopoly Analogy (Absurdity)

A

the money means something relative to the game. But it means nothing outside of the game itself

Likewise, if there’s nothing outside of the material world, none of this (our action, our inaction, our words, our desires, our pursuits) matter.

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2
Q

Pascal’s Wager Chart

A

look at journal

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3
Q

Aesthetic Stage

A

live for pleasure (do whatever makes you happy)

unsatisfied

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4
Q

Moral Stage

A

performing morally good actions

cant live up to being moral

unsatisfied

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5
Q

Religious Stage

A

leap of faith to God + find ultimate meaning

satisfaction

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6
Q

Dostoevsky’s “anything goes” argument

A
  • cultural relativism = chaos
  • if life ends at the grave then what difference does it make living this life as a bad person vs a good one
  • what would be wrong with living one’s life only out of self-interest because your destiny wouldn’t depend on it
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7
Q

Greg Gansale’s Absurdity Arg.

A
  • story of atheism is less hospitable to the things they care about, than Christianity
  • relationships
  • the dissatisfaction with the world points to our need for another one
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8
Q

Clifford William’s needs/desires

A
  • Cosmic security
  • Goodness
  • love
  • Awe
  • Meaning
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9
Q

Clifford William OBJ 1: Not everyone feels these existential needs

A

there’s a difference between feeling a need and having a need

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10
Q

Clifford William OBJ 2: Existential needs can be satisfied without faith

A
  • it’s possible to be mistaken about what truly satisfies us
  • other worldviews seem to fall short
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11
Q

Clifford William OBJ 2: Can’t our needs be satisfied by believing in something that doesn’t actually exist?

A

supplemental evidence will point to god

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12
Q

Leibnizian Contingency Syllogism

A
  1. Everything that exists must have an explanation for its existence
  2. If the universe has an explanation for its existence the explanation is God
  3. the universe exists
  4. therefore the explanation of the universe’s existence is God
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13
Q

Necessary Beings

A
  • things that must exist
  • other things depend them
  • not caused by anything
  • don’t need explanation
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14
Q

Contingent beings

A
  • things that can reasonably not exist
  • caused by other things
  • Need an explanation
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15
Q

Kalam Argument Syllogism

A
  1. whatever begins to exist has a cause
  2. the universe began to exist
  3. therefore the universe has a cause
  4. the cause is either personal or impersonal
  5. the cause is personal
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16
Q

Kalam OBJ: Who caused God?

A

God didn’t begin to exist so he doesn’t need a cause

Necessary vs Contingent beings

17
Q

Kalam OBJ: Universe = necessary

A

the universe can’t exist outside of time and space

18
Q

Kalam OBJ: Universe caused itself

A

self-causation is impossible
a person can’t exist before its own exitence

19
Q

Kalam OBJ: The cause is impersonal

A

impersonal entities have no causal power
what about fine-tuning + design

20
Q

Teleological Arg. Syllogism

A
  1. the fine-tuning of the universe is due either to physical necessity, chance, or design
  2. it is not due to physical necessity or chance
  3. TF, it is probably due to design
21
Q

Constants are…

A

Laws, values that if slightly altered would no longer permit life

22
Q

Constants examples:

A

Gravity:
- too strong - everything collapses
- too loose - no matter develops

Expansion of the universe

tilt of the earth

23
Q

Roger Penrose Number

A

1 in 10 ^10^123

The odds of the universe coming together in a way to support life

24
Q

Teleological Arg OBJ: Fine-tuning doesn’t exist

A

most scientists disagree

more likely that a life-prohibiting universe would exist

there are precise parameters

25
Q

Teleological Arg OBJ: Anthropic Objection (puddle arg.)

A

it says: we shouldn’t be surprised to see fine-tuning since we couldn’t exist in any other condition

  • but this fails to address why the conditions are what they are
26
Q

Teleological Arg OBJ: result of evolution

A

how did the parameters that allow evolution to happen get there in the first place?

27
Q

Moral Arg. Syllogism

A
  1. if God doesn’t exist then objective moral values + duties don’t exist
  2. OMV + duties do exists
  3. TF, God exists
28
Q

Objective morality

A

independent of your thoughts/feelings, Right/wrong for all people, all places, all times

29
Q

Subjective morality

A

it depends on you, the culture, time

30
Q

Moral Arg. OBJ: OMV don’t exist

A

no one actually lives in relativism

people seem to innately know right vs wrong

31
Q

Moral Arg. OBJ: God isn’t Necessary for Morality

A
  • this indicates that morality was created by man
  • morality isn’t binding to anyone if created by man
  • no duty to follow it
32
Q

Moral Arg. OBJ: Euthyphro Dilemma

A

does God command good things bc they’re good?
OR
is everything good because God commands it?

This is a false dilemma - God commands from his character (which is good) everything is automatically good

33
Q

Moral Arg. OBJ: Why is there moral variety

A

just because there are numerous answers doesn’t mean a right one doesn’t exist

34
Q

Ontological Anselm syllogism

A
  1. there exists in a possible world, a maximally great being
  2. If a MGB exists in one possible world, a MGB exists in all possible worlds
  3. our world is a possible world
  4. TF, MGB exists in the actual world
35
Q

Ontological OBJ: Gauhilo’s Island OBJ

A

A maximally great island possibly exists, TF a MGI must exist

  • islands are relative
  • God = maximally great seems objective

Apologetics (9 decks)

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