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PCO REVIEW > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 dynamics components of a therapeutic relationship?

A

TEACH
1. trust
2. empathy
3. autonomy
4. care
5. hope

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2
Q

how many dimensions does HOPE have and list them

A

6 dimensions
- affective
- affiliate
- behavioral
- cognitive
- temporal
- contextual

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3
Q

what is teach?

A

T: trust
E: empathy
A: autonomy
C: care
H: hope

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4
Q

what are the characteristics of a therapeutic relationship

A
  • acceptance
  • rapport
  • genuineness
  • use of self
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5
Q

To establish a therapeutic relationship, three qualities must be present. Which of the following is not one of the three
qualities?
a) Confidentiality
b) Acceptance
c) Rapport
d) Genuineness

A

a) confidentiality

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6
Q

how many stages are there in a therapeutic relationship and what are they?

A

4 stages
1.preparation stage; gather information on patient like previous or present chart’s
2. orientation stage; clarify roles and set goals, build a baseline
3. working stage; where most therapeutic process happens
4. termination stage; end relationship professionally

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7
Q

Culture is a significant part of caring. What do nurses who are culturally competent in their care display?

a) A complete understanding of their patient’s cultural preferences
b) An ability to provide patients with all cultural requirements
c) Caring behaviors based on patients’ cultural values and beliefs
d) An incorporation of touch in all aspects of nursing care

A

c) Caring behaviors based on patients’ cultural values and beliefs
nurses cant know about every culture out there so the next best thing is to provide care with their culture in mind

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8
Q

what family is this: has a father, mother, one or more children living together?
- no kin
- blended or reconstituted family
- nuclear family

A

Nuclear family

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9
Q

what family is this: second and third generation members who are related by blood or marriage but not living together?
- nuclear family
- step family
- extended family

A

extended family

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10
Q

what family is this: two individuals living together without children
- three-generational family
- dyad family
- common law family

A

Dyad family

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11
Q

what family is this: members from the first, second or third generation all living in one household
- same-sex family
- extended family
- three-generational family

A

three-generational family

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12
Q

what family is this: never married, separated, or widowed; has one or more child these families are usually headed by women
- step family
- no kin
- single-parent family

A

single parent family

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13
Q

what family is this: family in which one or both spouses are divorced or widowed, with one or more children from a previous marriage who may not live with the newly reconstituted family
- blended or reconstituted family
- step family
- common law family

A

step family

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14
Q

what family is this: two families living together, with children from one or both families and sometimes children of the newly married couple
- blended or reconstituted family
- extended family
- dyad family

A

blended or reconstituted family

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15
Q

what family is this: unmarried couple living together with or without children
- nuclear family
- common law family
- group marriage

A

common law family

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16
Q

what family is this: at least two people who have a nonsexual relationship, have no legal, blood or emotional ties with each other. Ex roommates
- commune
- no kin
- polygamous family

A

no kin

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17
Q

what family is this: one man or women with several spouses
- polygamous family
- same-sex family
- single-parent family

A

polygamous family

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18
Q

what family is this: same sex couple living together with or without children
- no kin
- extended family
- same-sex family

A

same sex family

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19
Q

what family is this: groups of individuals that may or may not be related but live together and share resources. Ex group home or orphanage
- commune
- no kin
-group marriage

A

commune

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20
Q

what family is this: individuals are all “married” to one another and are considered parents of all the children
- same sex family
- polygamous family
- group marriage

A

group marriage

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21
Q

Family-centered nursing involves which one of the following?
a. Supporting the coping abilities of the family
b. Determining who can be included in the family
c. Dealing with the whole family instead of the individuals in it.
d. Applying your own beliefs about family in each situation

A

A. because you need to be able to help the families emotional, social, and practical needs

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22
Q

in holistic care (mind, body and spirit) what care focuses on the patients care for their religious and spiritual needs

A

spiritual care

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23
Q

what are the 7 elements of the communication process

A
  1. referent; what causes the conversation to happen
  2. sender and receiver; person who encodes the message and person who decodes message
  3. message; what the conversation is
  4. channels; how this conversation takes place
  5. feedback; message reterined by reciever
  6. interpersonal variables; issues that may interfeer with the conversation
  7. environment; setting of the conversation
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24
Q

which communication process is this?
“motivates one person to communicate with another”

A

referent

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25
Q

which communication process is this?
“person who encodes the message and delivers it”

A

sender

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26
Q

which communication process is this?
“person who decodes the message and receives it”

A

receiver

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27
Q

which communication process is this?
“the content of communication”

A

message

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28
Q

which communication process is this?
“means of sending and receiving messages through visual, auditory, and tactile (touch) senses” Ex phone calls, text messages, or nonverbal communication

A

channels

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29
Q

which communication process is this?
“message returned by receiver”

A

feedback

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30
Q

which communication process is this?
“characteristics within sender and receiver that influence communication”

A

interpersonal variables

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31
Q

what are these?
- education
- gender
- values and beliefs
- pain
- anxiety
- medication effects

A

examples of interpersonal values last 3 are illness related that can effect nurse-patient communication

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32
Q

which communication process is this?
“setting where sender and receiver interact”
examples include
noise
distractions
lack of privacy

A

environment

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33
Q

what does SOLER stand for

A

S: sit facing patient
O: open posture
L: lean towards patient
E: establish and maintain intermittent eye contact
R: relax

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34
Q

what is non-therapeutic communication

A

communicating in a way that reduces trust of the patient, creates barriers, and makes patient feel unsupported (basically it effects patient rapport)

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35
Q

patient trying to say “I want a sandwich” but the words being produced or understood are “big food want”

A

aphasia

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36
Q

a motor aphasia, inability to name common objects or expresses ideas into words or writing

A

expressive aphasia

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37
Q

not being ale to understand written or verbal language

A

sensory or receptive aphasia

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38
Q

not being able to communicate or understand language orally

A

global aphasia

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39
Q

includes 4 aspects physical, cognitive, emotional, and spiritual; understanding on oneself

A

self-concept

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40
Q

knowing one self and connecting with others based on your own experiences and knowledge

A

self-awareness

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41
Q

related to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; is relatively stable but can fluctuate depending on circumstances

A

self-esteem

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42
Q

what does CARE stand for in the caring process

A

C: connect with patient
A: appreciate your patient
R: respond to their needs
E: empower patient to problem solve with you (autonomy)

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43
Q

what does PCC mean

A

person-centered care

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44
Q

The nurse demonstrates an understanding of mutuality when
stating which of the following to the client?
a) “Mr. Jones, I think you should go to bed now”
b) ”Mr. Jones, I would like you to go to bed now”
c) “Mr. Jones, I don’t think you should sit in the chair”
d) “Mr. Jones, I thought we agreed that you would
return to bed at this time?

A

D mutuality is an understanding or agreement from both sides patient and nurse for the well being of patient

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45
Q

categorizing a group of people because you think all people from that group are like that or have the same characteristics

A

stereotyping

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46
Q

everyone has this, it can prevent positive client out comes

A

bias

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47
Q

In order to reduce clinical bias in nursing practice, the nurse
should:
a) Memorize beliefs held by different cultures
b) Generalize beliefs based on ethnic membership
c) Develop a nonjudgmental, natural attitude
d) Recognize that individuals of the same religion share
the same characteristics

A

C by knowing and acknowledging your biases

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48
Q

what are the 5 different styles of personal conflict management

A
  • avoidance
  • accommodation
  • competition
  • compromise
  • collaboration
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49
Q

what style of personal conflict is this: ignoring the problem not wanting to talk about it

A

avoidance

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50
Q

what style of personal conflict is this: “giving in” approach letting the other person take the win

A

accommodation

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51
Q

what style of personal conflict is this: “win-lose” approach because one side want’s their own needs satisfied rather than both of their needs

A

competition

52
Q

what style of personal conflict is this: “meet- in-the-middle” approach both parities give smt up to win

A

compromise

53
Q

what style of personal conflict is this: “win-win” approach both parties win

A

collaboration

54
Q

interpersonal vs intrapersonal

A

intRAPersonal; internal conflict

interpersonal; between you and another person

55
Q

what are ethical principle?

A

internal conflicts

56
Q

what is culture?

A

shared values, beliefs, and customs of a group of people

57
Q

what is ethnicity?

A

group of people who share common ancestry, bloodline, cultural practices

58
Q

what is cultural diversity?

A

bunch of different cultures

59
Q

what is acculturation?

A

accepting new cultures and traditions like immigrants putting up charismas trees when we don’t celebrate it but still put it up

60
Q

what is assimilation?

A

forced to accept a culture

61
Q

When a physician writes an order for the nurse to withhold life-saving treatment from a terminally ill client, the nurse is faced with two different choices, each supported by a different ethical principle. This type of conflict is known as
_______ conflict.
a) Covert
b) Overt
c) Interpersonal
d) Intrapersonal

A

D

62
Q

what is CARE in conflict resolution: nursing strategies

A

clarify the conflict
articulate your problems
request a change
evaluate the out come

63
Q

what are the 5 steps for nursing behaviors when dealing with a violent person

A
  1. control self; knowing what angers you so you can step away from the situation
  2. nonthreatening body postures; always be near a exit so you can escape if needed
  3. verbal de-escalation; talk in a low calm gentle tone
  4. containment; be aware of your resources like security
  5. debrief immediately; reflect on the incident
64
Q

Which of the following is a barrier to communication?

a. Intrusion into personal space
b. Unconditional acceptance
c. Self-awareness
d. Gender differences

A

A

65
Q

Which personal conflict management style do females tend to use most often?
a. Avoidance and compromise
b. Collaboration and competition
c. Avoidance and collaboration
d. Competition and compromise

A

a

66
Q

The most effective problem-solving style for genuine resolution that creates a win-win situation is:

a. Accommodation
b. Acceptance
c. Competition
d. Collaboration

A

d

67
Q

A client on a psychiatric unit is found pacing the halls and angrily punching at the wall. The nurse’s primary goal should be to:
a. Assertively tell the client to stop the behavior
b. Suggest that the client write in a journal to help relieve anxiety
c. Speak in a loud voice in order to alert other staff members
d. Maintain safety while helping the client

A

d

68
Q

The three phases of interviewing, when the client is present, are:
a. Confidentiality, trust, and empathy
b. Listening, hearing, and feeling
c. Orientation, working through problems, and termination
d. Getting details, thoughts, and answers

A

c

69
Q

It is essential that nurses provide care based on transcultural principles. Which of the following examples best illustrates this principle?
a. Gender-congruent care includes caring touch by the nurse for all genders.

b. Part of caring is working with patients in the end-of-life stage. The caring aspect includes telling the patient directly that he or she is in the dying phase.

c. Assessment of the patient’s culture and family background by the nurse is important to determine if the nurse should provide or other individuals should be providing the caring and touch that communicates presence.

d. Caring touch by the nurse transcends all cultures and ethnic backgrounds.

A

c

70
Q

what is culture sensitivity?

A

the attitude one has while caring for a patient with a different background

71
Q

what is cultural competence?

A

responding respectfully and appropriately

72
Q

what is cultural humility?

A

being open minded about others cultures and learning from them

73
Q

what is cultural safety?

A

being able to practice your culture without being in danger

74
Q

what is critical self-reflection

A

using the past, present and future to reflect

75
Q

what is relational practice?

A

building therapeutic relationships with patient, families, and co workers

76
Q

what is reflexivity?

A

ability to question and reflect on your own beliefs and values

77
Q

The nurse is assigned to provide a bed bath to a client who cannot speak English. Which of the following communication strategies should the nurse use?
a. Nonverbal communication
b. Trained Interpreter
c. Family member as interpreter
d. Other staff member who speaks the same language

A

B always go to a professional as that’ll limit any miscommunications or prevent others from altering exactly what patient is saying

78
Q

therapeutic communication includes…

A

trust
respect
empathy
empowerment
caring
mutuality
veracity

79
Q

which of the following does this relate to or mean
“nurse and client both agree on clients health problems and resolves the issue involving the client in the decision making process”
- trust
- empathy
- mutuality

A

mutuality

80
Q

what does ADPIE stand for

A

assessment
diagnosis (nursing diagnosis)
planning (SMART goals)
implementation
evaluation

81
Q

which action could most harm the nurse-client relationship?
a) A nurse documents the patient’s care accurately and promptly.
b) A nurse involves the client in care decisions and respects their autonomy.
c) A nurse talks about a challenging patient situation on social media without naming the client.
d) A nurse provides education about patient rights to confidentiality.

A

c

82
Q

what is the most important reason to maintain confidentiality in a therapeutic relationship?
a) To protect healthcare providers from legal repercussions.
b) To demonstrate the nurse’s control over information.
c) To establish the nurse as a trustworthy figure of authority.
d) To create a non-threatening interpersonal environment where clients feel comfortable revealing their needs.

A

d

83
Q

learnt behaviors that healthcare works may have, that affect their judgment and decision-making in patient care is called what
- stereotyping
- clinical bias
- cultural barriers

A

clinical bias

84
Q

In order to reduce clinical bias in nursing practice, the nurse
should:
a) Memorize beliefs held by different cultures
b) Generalize beliefs based on ethnic membership
c) Develop a nonjudgmental, natural attitude
d) Recognize that individuals of the same religion share
the same characteristics

A

C

85
Q

ability to say no ask for what you want
able to express positive and negative feelings
is accountable for their own actions
are components of what?
- assertive behavior
- intrapersonal conflict
- ethical principles

A

assertive behavior

86
Q

Why is assertiveness important in nursing?
a) It helps nurses avoid conflict with patients and colleagues.
b) It allows nurses to advocate for their patients’ needs and set professional boundaries.
c) It ensures that nurses always agree with their patients.
d) It encourages nurses to avoid challenging authority.

A

B nurses primary goal is to advocate for patient and have effective communication

87
Q

“multiple people from multiple different backgrounds”
is called…
a. cultural assessment
b. cultural diversity
c. cultural competence

A

B

88
Q

“gathering background information on client to give them culturally sensitive care”
a. cultural assessment
b. cultural sensitivity
c. cultural competence

A

A

89
Q

“knowing how to respond respectfully and appropriately around the patient”
a. cultural awareness
b. cultural competence
c. acculturation

A

B

90
Q

what group is this
“forms close personal relationships; don’t have a end date, considered your support system example could be family or friends”
a. secondary group
b. primary group

A

B

91
Q

what group is this
“goal oriented groups with shot term relationships and an established beginning to end example coworkers or classmates”
a. secondary group
b. primary group

A

A

92
Q

“how the group communicates and behaves with each other during the lifespan of the group”
a. therapeutic relationship
b. group think
c. group dynamics

A

C

93
Q

“negative phenomena where the approval of other members becomes more important than your own” ex the whole group decides on pizza but you want burgers since its just you, you say u want pizza too because you that’s what everyone else said
a. group think
b. primary group

A

A

94
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary group?
a) There is no designated leader
b) The group has a planned, time-limited association
c) The group lacks a specific identified purpose
d) The group remains together even when goals are
achieved

A

B

95
Q

what are the 2 different types of conflicts and describe them.

A

Interpersonal; conflict with others

Intrapersonal; conflict between your self

96
Q

In intrapersonal conflict, a person may experience:
a) Tension between their professional and personal life.
b) Disagreements with family members over household rules.
c) A disagreement between two coworkers over job responsibilities.
d) A conflict with a friend over differing opinions.

A

A

97
Q

team works separately and there is less communication
multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary

A

multidisciplinary

98
Q

In a multidisciplinary team, the focus is on:
a) Shared decision-making and integrating diverse expertise.
b) Independent roles with limited communication between team members.
c) Equal participation in all aspects of patient care by all team members.
d) The team leader making all decisions without input from other members.

A

B

99
Q

team works together and has shared decision making
multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary

A

interdisciplinary

100
Q

Which of the following is a primary goal of a multidisciplinary team?
a) To create a unified approach where each member contributes equally to patient care.
b) To ensure each team member works independently without overlapping tasks.
c) To share knowledge and communicate frequently to make collective decisions.
d) To allow each member to make decisions within their own expertise and report to others.

A

B

101
Q

Which of the following is a method of charting in which the nurse writes a progress note only when the standardized statement on the form is not met?
a) Narrative method
b) Source record
c) Problem-oriented medical record
d) Charting by exception

A

D

102
Q

what does SOAP stand for

A

subjective
objective
assessment
plan

103
Q

what does SOAPIE stand for

A

subjective
objective
assessment
planning
intervention
evaluation

104
Q

what does PIE stand for

A

planning
intervention
evaluation

105
Q

what does DAR a focus charting method stand for

A

data
action
response

106
Q

The three phases of interviewing, when the client is present, are:

A. Confidentiality, trust, and empathy
B. Listening, hearing, and feeling
C. Orientation, working through problems, and termination
D. Getting details, thoughts, and answers

A

C

107
Q

According to Watson’s transpersonal caring theory, the nurse should understand which of the following concepts about caring?

A. The act of caring is personal and cannot be shared.
B. Caring can increase healing and promote well-being.
C. Expressions of human caring are the same for all individuals.
D. Nurses must use caring behaviours specific to their own cultures.

A

B

108
Q

what does Watsons transpersonal theory promote?

A

nurses must provide holistic care for better pt outcome

109
Q

behaviour used when one feels threatened is what
A. Watsons transpersonal theory
B. clinical bias
C. barriers to communication

A

C barriers like projecting, denying, or avoiding

110
Q

a digital copy of patients lifetime record of health information that can be accessed across Canada is called what

A

electronic health record (EHR)

111
Q

which digital health record do you access for a single encounter or visit by a patient to the hospital
- EHR (electronic health record)
- EMR (electronic medical record)

A

EMR is only for a singe encounter while EHR is patients whole health history

112
Q

what are the 3 Calgary family assessment models

A

structural; looks at who the family is and their relationship to each other like external or internal family
developmental; different stages and milestones
functional; assess the family’s functioning who makes the decisions, who is the problem starter

113
Q
  • Intervene early
  • Consider the other’s viewpoint
  • Avoid negative comments
  • Assume responsibility
  • Decide to implement the best solution
    are all related to what
    A. conflict resolution
    B. characteristics of a interdisciplinary team
    C. phases of interviewing
A

A

114
Q

What is the primary purpose of a discharge summary flow sheet?
A. To provide a detailed list of all hospital staff interactions
B. To summarize the patient’s hospital stay and ensure continuity of care
C. To outline the hospital’s billing details
D. To document only medications given during the hospital stay

A

B, further doctors appointments, medication instructions, community recourses and pamphlets

115
Q

how many elements are identified of a health workplace
- 12
- 8
- 6
- 9

A

8

116
Q

In a healthy workplace, what is the approach to role expectations?
a) Roles are flexible and change frequently
b) Roles are undefined to promote creativity
c) Roles are clearly defined with accountability
d) Roles are assigned based on seniority

A

C

117
Q

what is it called when a nurse builds trust, and understanding this can be shown by active listening, clarifying, and showing empathy
- therapeutic communication
- steps of communication
- cultural competence

A

therapeutic communication

118
Q

acknowledges and encourages strengths and success of a person is know as what ex “good job on dealing with patient smith”
- positive feedback
- cultural competence
- self-awareness

A

positive feedback

119
Q

communications barriers include (select all that apply) lack of..
- trust
- empathy
- empowerment
- mutuality
- respect
- personal space

A

All of these are examples of communication barriers where patient doesn’t feel valued or respected in the therapeutic relationship

120
Q

important aspects of documentation include

A
  • factual
  • accurate
  • complete
  • current
  • organized
  • within standards
121
Q

what does collaboration mean

A

working with others like other nurses or patients

122
Q

what is the 5 stage model of the development of a small group

A
  1. forming
  2. storming
  3. norming
  4. performing
  5. adjournment
123
Q

what does SBAR mean

A

S- situational
B- background
A- assessment
R- recommendation

124
Q

what are the aspects of multidisciplinary communication

A
  • records or chart; confidential legal documentation that’s valid for 10 years
  • reports; can be oral, written, or taped
  • consultations; a professional HCW giving advice to another HCW
  • referrals; can be community refers for after hospital care
125
Q

What are therapeutic actions nd give examples

A

Techniques to support clients’ emotional well-being
- using “I” statements
- avoid blaming
- touch
- active listening
- empathy
- empowerment

PCO REVIEW (3 decks)

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