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FIAPIA > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Most important consideration in selecting screen film

A

Spectral matching

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2
Q

Type of screen that emits blue & blue violet light

A

Calcium Tungstate screen

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3
Q

Elements that emit ultraviolet, blue, green and red and their examples

A

Rare-earth elements
Gadolinium
Lanthanum
Yttrium

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4
Q

What light does the silver halide do not respond to unless spectrally sensitized with dyes

A

Green, yellow, red

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5
Q

What light does the silver halide film respond to

A

Violet
Blue

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6
Q

Types of film that is green sensitive

A

Orthochromatic film

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7
Q

Type of film that is sensitive to the entire light spectrum

A

Panchromatic film

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8
Q

Type of film sensitive to one color of light

A

Monochromatic film

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9
Q

Type of filter in safelight that is used for blue sensitive film and its wwavelength

A

Amber filter
550nm wavelength

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10
Q

Type of filter in safelight that is used for green and blue sensitive film and its wwavelength

A

Red filter
600 nm wavelength

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11
Q

Film humidity

A

40-60%

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12
Q

> 60% humidity causes_

A

Increase fog

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13
Q

<40% film humidity causes_

A

Static artifacts

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14
Q

2 Types of processing tanks

A

Master tank
Insert tanks

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15
Q

Tank that serves as water jacket and holds insert tanks

A

Master tank

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16
Q

Removable container for individual processing solutions; spaced in master tanks

A

Insert tanks

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17
Q

Term applied to chemical reaction transforming latent image to manifest image

A

Film processing

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18
Q

Order of film processing

A

Development
Rinsing
Fixing
Washing
Drying

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19
Q

Wetting agent

A

Water

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20
Q

It penetrates the gelatin of emulsion causing it to swell

A

Wetting

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21
Q

Primary function of this process is to convert latent image to visible image

A

Development

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22
Q

Other term for visible image

A

Manifest image

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23
Q

Principle action on developer:

A

Change silver ions of exposed crystals to metallic silver

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24
Q

Developer components and their chemicals

A

Developing agent- Phenidone/ Metol & hydroquinone
Activator- Sodium carbonate
Restrainer- Potassium bromide
Preservative- sodium silfite
Hardener - glutaraldehyde
Sequestering agent - chelates
Solvent - Water

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25
Q

Reducing agent; produces shades of gray rapidly

A

Phenidone/metol

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26
Q

Reducing agent; produces black tones slowly

A

Hydroquinone

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27
Q

Helps swell gelatin

A

Sodium carbonate

28
Q

Other functions of sodium carbonate

A

Produces alkalinity
Controls pH

29
Q

Antifog agent

A

Potassium Bromide

30
Q

Other functions of Potassium bromide

A

Protects unexposed crystals from chemical attack

31
Q

Controls oxidation

A

Sodium sulfite

32
Q

Other functions of sodium sulfite

A

Maintain balance among developer components

33
Q

Controls emulsion swelling

A

Glutaraldehyde

34
Q

What does gulatraldehyde enhances

A

Archival quality

35
Q

Removes metallic impurities

A

chelates

36
Q

Other functions of chelates

A

Stabilize developing agent

37
Q

Dissolves chemicals for use.

A

Water

38
Q

Developer alkali components/buffering agents

A

Sodium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide: or lye strongest alkali

39
Q

It has the purpose to enhance the action of the developing agent and controlling the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH)

A

Buffering agent

40
Q

Developing stage where it neutralizes positive ion

A

Reduction

41
Q

reaction that produces electron

A

Oxidation

42
Q

reduction and oxidation work simultaneously.

A

Redox reaction

43
Q

EUROPE mnemonics of developing stage

A

Electrons used reduction
Oxidation produces electrons

44
Q

Process where film is treated to prevent fade; fixing the image with archival quality

A

Fixing

45
Q

Refers to permanence of radiograph

A

Archival quality

46
Q

Fixer components and chemicals

A

Activator- acetic acid
Fixing- ammonium thiosulfate
Hardener- potassium alum
Preservative- sodium sulfite
Buffering- acetate
Sequestering agent- boric acid/salts
Solvent- water

47
Q

Neutralize developer and stop its action

A

Acetic acid

48
Q

removes undeveloped silver bromine from the emulsion.

A

Ammonium thiosulfate

49
Q

stiffens and shrinks emulsion

A

Potassium alum

50
Q

Maintains chemical balance

A

Sodium Sulfite

51
Q

Maintains proper pH

A

Acetate

52
Q

Remove aluminum ions

A

Boric Acids/salts

53
Q

Process that wash away any residual chemicals remaining in the emulsion

A

Washing

54
Q

Temperature maintain by wash water

A

3°C (5°F)

55
Q

Undesirable retention of fixer emulsion

A

Hypo retention

56
Q

slowly oxidizes and causes the image to discolor to brown over a long time.

A

Excess hypo

57
Q

Inadequate washing leads to

A

Hypo retention

58
Q

What color is hypo retention

A

brown

59
Q

also serves to stabilize developer temperature

A

Wash bath

60
Q

Final step of film processing

A

Drying

61
Q

Duration of drying in manual and automatic processing

A

Manual- more than 1 hour
Automatic 90s

62
Q

What is the cause of processing faults leading to damp film

A

Depletion of glutaraldehyde (hardener)

63
Q

principle components of automatic processor

A

Transport system
temperature system
circulation system
replenishment system
dryer system

64
Q

transports film to various stages at precise intervals

A

transport system

65
Q

where film to be processed is inserted into the processor

A

feed film tray

66
Q

grips film to begin its trip to he processor

A

entrance roller

FIAPIA (3 decks)

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