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FIAPIA > ENDTERM > Flashcards

ENDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the fidelity with which anatomic structure being examined is imaged on the radiograph.

A

Radiographic Quality

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2
Q

faithfully reproduces structure and tissues

A

High - quality radiograph

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3
Q

Important characteristics of radiographic quality are

A

spatial resolution
contrast resolution
noise
artifacts

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4
Q

Ability to image 2 separate objects & visually distinguish one from the other

A

Resolution

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5
Q

Ability to image small objects that have high contrast

A

Spatial resolution

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6
Q

Examples of objects with high contrast

A

Bone-soft tissue interference
Breast calcification
Calcified long nodule

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7
Q

What factors improve spatial resolution

A

Decreasing of:
screen blur
Motion blur
Geometric blur

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8
Q

ability to distinguish anatomic structures of similar subject contrast

A

Contrast resolution

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9
Q

Degree of density difference between two areas on a radiograph

A

Contrast resolution

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10
Q

What diagnostic imaging has better contrast resolution than CT scan

A

MRI

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11
Q

random fluctuation in the Optical density of the image

A

Noise

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12
Q

results in a better radiographic image because it improves contrast resolution

A

Lower noise

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13
Q

4 components of noise

A

Film graininess
Structure mottle
Quantum mottle
Scatter radiation

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14
Q

refers to the distribution in size and space of silver halide grains in the emulsion.

A

Film graininess

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15
Q

similar to film graininess but refers to the phosphor of the radiographic intensifying screen.

A

Structure mottle

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16
Q

under the control of the radiologic technologist and is a principal contributor to radiographic noise in many radiographic imaging procedures.

A

Quantum mottle

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17
Q

refers to the random nature by which x-rays interact with the image receptor.

A

Quantum mottle

18
Q

What reduces quantum mottle

A

High mAs
Low kVp
Slower image receptors

19
Q

Fast image receptors have…

A

High noise
Low spatial resolution
Low contrast resolution

20
Q

High spatial resolution and high contrast resolution require…

A

Low noise and slow image receptors

21
Q

Connected with resolution and noise

A

Speed/ Relative speed

22
Q

Interrelated characteristics of radiographic quality

A

Resolution
Noise
speed

23
Q

Graphic relationship between optical density and radiation exposure

A

Characteristic Curve

24
Q

Measurements used to describe the relationship between OD and radiation exposure.

A

H & D curve (Hurter & Driffield)
Sensitometric curve
D log E curve

25
Q

Portions of characteristic curve

A

Base plus fog
Toe
Straightline portion
Shoulder
Maximum density (Dmax)

26
Q

density at no exposure, or the density that is inherent in the film.

A

Base plus fog (b+f)

27
Q

Range of radiographic film base density

A

OD= 0.05 - 0.10

28
Q

What usually add OD 0.05 - 0.10 in fog density

A

Processing the film

29
Q

Total b+f is seldom below

A

OD 0.10 but not exceeding OD 0.22

30
Q

portion between the toe and shoulder

A

Straightline portion

31
Q

range of diagnostic densities varies from

A

< of OD 0.25–0.50
> of OD 2.0–3.0

32
Q

maximum density the film is capable of recording.

A

Dmax

33
Q

highest point on the D log E curve

A

Dmax

34
Q

Apparatus for Characteristic curve

A

Sensitometer
Densitometer

35
Q

device used to measure optical density

A

Densitometer

36
Q

Both apparatus for characteristic curve are calibrated…

A

Annually

37
Q

Other term for sensitometer

A

Optical step wedge

38
Q

@ principal measurements in sensitometry

A

Film exposure
Light percentage transmitted through processed film

39
Q

amount of overall blackness produced on the image after processing

A

Optical density / Density

40
Q

radiograph must have sufficient ______ to visualize the anatomic structures of interest

A

density

41
Q

Insufficient density leads to

A

Too light radiograph

42
Q

Excessive density leads to

A

Too dark radiograph
Inability to visualize anatomic part

FIAPIA (3 decks)

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