Midterm Flashcards
Tri Agency Research Funding Programs of Canada
- Social sciences and humanities (SSHRC)
- Natural sciences and engineering (NSERC)
- Canada institute of health research (CIHR)
Systematic research
problems, methods, data analysis, interpreatations
Logical research
others can evaluate conclusions drawn
empirical research
conclusions based on data
reductive research
data used to establish more general relationships
replicable research
research that others could build on / replicate
postpositivism
notion of a single reality / objective truth
constructivism
notion of multiple realities, focus on complexity of views
transformative
research that focuses on changing lives of participants
- needs to be intertwined with politics
- work collaboratively w/ participants
Pragmatism
research concerned with “what works best”
Two eyed seeing
indigenous or european, all knowledge systems are equitable. Diversity of perspectives
Qualitative
explores meanings ascribed by individuals or groups, question/theme based
Quantitative
relations among variables, statistics
kinesiology
study of human movement
statistics inform about:
- reliability
- meaningfulness
most quantitative
postpositivism
most qualitative
constructivism
central tendency definition
a single score that best represents all scores for a group of individuals
mean formula
mean =
sum of individual scores / amount of scores
median
midpoint number / mean of 2 midpoints
mode
most frequent number
variance (s^2)
best estimate of the spread of scores
standard deviation
square root of variance
ethics vs law
ethical principles can conflict, laws cannot conflict
autonomy
freedom to make your own choices based on your own personal values and beliefs
non maleficence
obligation not to inflict harm upon others
beneficence
obligation to act for benefit of others
justice
fair and equitable treatment of others
fidelity
fulfilling one’s responsibilities of trust (commitments)
veracity
truthfulness
compassion
regard for another’s welfare and awareness of misfortune
discernment
being able to make fitting judgements without being influenced by extraneous factors
trustworthiness
warranting confidence in one’s character and conduct
integrity
knowing one’s personal ideals and being faithful to them
conscientiousness
acting to determine what is right, intend to do right, and putting effort towards doing what is right
sustainability
ability to maintain something without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Six USASK undergraduate competencies
- Engaging in our intercultural society
- Nurturing successful relationships
- Leveraging technology
- Adaptive design & Problem Solving
- Meaningful communication
- Cultivating well-being
What is sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
5 Social Determinants of Health
- Education
- Health Care Access and Quality
- Neighbourhood and Built Environment
- Social and Community context
- Economic Stability
Toddlers (1-2 yrs) should be…
minimum of 180 mins of physical activity per day
Preschoolers (3-4 yrs)
180 mins of physical activity per day, 60 should be energetic
Children (5-11) and Youth (12-17)
At least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity of physical activity per day + bone/muscle strengthening 3 days per week
Adults (18-64)
At least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity per week + muscle/bone strengthening 2 days per week
downstream intervention
individual level for those who possess the RISK FACTOR from risk related diseases/conditions.
emphasis on changing health-damaging behaviours
midstream intervention
population level interventions (community based)
upstream intervention
macro-level (state/provincial and national) public policy to strengthen social norms and supports healthy behaviours
(ex: increased walk time for crosswalk signs)
RE-AIM Framework
Reach
Effectiveness
Adoption
Implementation
Maintenance
RE-AIM Framework: Reach
did you reach intended population?
RE-AIM Framework: Effectiveness
was it effective and to what degree (percentages, averages)
RE-AIM Framework: Adoption
did the settings/places/environments approached adopt it?
RE-AIM Framework: Implementation
Was it delivered as intended?
Cost?
Consistency across settings?
RE-AIM Framework: Maintenance
Are effects sustained over time?
Modifications needed for long term change?
Message quality examples
Novel (colours)
Vivid (richness of information)
Salient (stands out)
Creating relevance examples
Tailoring vs Targeting
Tailoring
presenting info in a manner best fitted to an INDIVIDUAL
Targeting
define a population group based on a common characteristic
Gain-framed
emphasize the benefits of being active
Loss-framed
emphasize the costs of being inactive
which message framing is best for physical activity
gain framed are more effective
accessible messaging
ability of individuals to obtain, process and understand a health message
negative media images for women
women are pressured to look thinner and are EXPECTED to work on their bodies (diet, exercise, cosmetic surgery)
for women, exposure to societal ideal media images is associated with
decreased self esteem, increasing levels of disordered eating and body dysmorphia, drive for thinness
negative media images for men
most men want to be thinner or heavier, men tend to exercise rather than diet to change body
for men, exposure to societal ideal media images is associated with
decreased self esteem, muscularity satisfaction, disordered eating and body dysmorphia, insecurity and exercise behaviour, drive for muscularity
BoPo
body acceptance of all shapes and sizes, images that reject unattainable ideal body image
media literacy training
resist internalization via psychoeducational interventions (focus on unrealistic standards and tricks used to create unrealistic images)
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Change the way incoming social information is interpreted (restructuring and self monitoring)
social facilitation theory
audiences can help or harm performance depending on conditions
what is social psychology
study of how people influence each other
social influence
real or imagined pressure to change ones behaviour, attitudes or beliefs
legitimate power
based on someones social role which gives them authority to demand compliance
expert power
powerholder possesses superior skills and abilities
reward power
control over reward distribution
coercive power
ability to punish / threaten those who dont comply with requests or demands
referent power
based on one’s attraction to or respect for powerholder
social support
refers to perceived comfort, caring, assistance and info that a person receives from others
important things to consider regarding social support
size of social network
amount of support provided
type of social support provided
instrumental support
helps person achieve their goals
emotional support
occurs through expression of encouragement or empathy
informational support
advice, directions, suggestions or feedback regarding progress
companionship support
reflects availability of persons within ones social network
validation support
involves comparing oneself with others in order to gauge progress and confirm ones feelings are normal
motivation
describes internal/external forces that produce the initiation, direction and persistence of behaviour
components of motivation
direction of effort
intensity of effort
persistence
intrinsic motivation
engaging in behaviours because of interest and enjoyment
extrinsic motivation
engaging in behaviours to attain rewards or outcomes that lies out the activity itself
operant conditioning
behaviours associated w/ consequences learned through reinforcement or punishment
reinforcement
any factor that increases frequency of behaviour
punishment
any factor that decreases frequency of behaviour
vicarious conditioning
results from observing others, outcomes must be valued by the individual
amotivation
absence of motivation
external regulation
activity is done to fulfill external contingency or demand
identified regulation
linked to important goals from participating in activity
introjected regulation
done to avoid negative emotions and to enhance positivity and self worth
integrated regulation
symbolic to individuals identity
intrinsic regulation
activity is inherently satisfying or self rewarding (interesting)
attribution theory
how individuals explain success and failure
key component of social cognitive theory
self-efficacy
what is self efficacy
situation specific form of self confidence
