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Sociology of Health and Physical Activity Midterm > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sociology as a definition

A

The systematic study of social life, social changes, and the social causes and consequences of human behaviour

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2
Q

Sociological Imagination

A

A concept by C.W Mills that enables individuals to grasp the connection between personal experiences and larger social forces

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3
Q

Scientific Method

A

A systematic approach used in sociology to ensure that research is verifiable and falsifiable

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4
Q

Critical Thinking

A

The process of questioning common sense and maintaining a critical distance in sociological inquiry

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5
Q

Social Capital

A

The networks of relationships among people in a society that enables society to function effectively

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6
Q

Biophysical Approach

A

A model that considers biological, psychological and social factors in understanding health and illness

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7
Q

Health Inequalities

A

disparities in health outcomes and access to healthcare among different population groups

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8
Q

Social Integration

A

The process of integrating individuals into a society which can impact the mental health and well-being

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9
Q

Structure and Agency

A

A sociological concept that examines how social structures influence individual actions and vice versa

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10
Q

Epidemiological Transition

A

The shift in the patterns of mortality from infectious diseases to chronic illnesses as societies develop

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11
Q

Social Gradient in Health

A

The concept that health outcomes improve as socioeconomic status increases

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12
Q

Health literacy

A

the ability to access, understand, and use health information to make informed health decisions

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13
Q

Social Change

A

The transformation of culture, behaviour, social institutions, and social structure over time

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14
Q

Health institutions

A

Organizations that provide healthcare services and contribute to the health of populations

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15
Q

Stigma

A

The social disapproval or discrimination against individuals based on characteristics such as health status, disability or behaviour

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16
Q

Solidarity

A

A social bond that connects individuals through shared goals and responsibilities

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17
Q

Social Regulation

A

The ways in which society regulates individual behaviour through norms and laws

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18
Q

Institutional Structures

A

The established laws, practices, and organizations that shape social behaviour and interactions

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19
Q

Relational Structures

A

The social networks and relationships that influence individual behaviour and societal functioning

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20
Q

T. Parsons concept of Sick Role

A

Sociologist known for the concept of ‘sick role’ introduced in 1951 which describes the social expectations of individuals who are ill

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21
Q

E. Goffmans Concept of Stigma

A

focuses on how society labels and treats individuals with certain characteristics

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22
Q

H. Beckers Boys in White

A

a study examining the socialization of medical students and the medical profession

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23
Q

M. Foucalts work on the power

A

explores the relationship between power and knowledge, particularly in the context of health and medicine

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24
Q

P. Bourdieus work on lifestyle

A

emphasizes the role of social capital in health

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25
Q

Idealist definition of health

A

A broad, philosophical understanding of health that includes mental, emotional and spiritual dimensions, often viewed as a state of balance or harmony

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26
Q

Functional definition of health

A

A practical approach to health that emphasizes the ability to function and adapt in daily life, focusing on social and environmental determinants

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27
Q

Medical model

A

an approach that focuses on individual treatment and the biological aspects of disease, often criticized for neglecting social factors

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28
Q

Social model

A

an approach that emphasizes societal factors, collective responsibility, and the impact of social conditions on health and illness

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29
Q

Medicalization

A

the process by which non-medical issues become defined and treated as medical issues, leading to stigmatization

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30
Q

Miasma Theory

A

belief that diseases were caused by ‘bad air’ or miasmas, leading to public health measures focused on improving sanitation and air quality

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31
Q

Germ Theory

A

a theory developed in the late 19th century that established the role of microorganisms in causing disease, leading to advancements in hygiene and public health

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32
Q

Mckeown Thesis

A

suggests that living improvements rather than medical interventions were primarily responsible for increased life expectancy and decreased infectious diseases in the 19th/20th century

33
Q

Chronic Illness

A

Long-term health conditions that often require ongoing managements and are not fully addressed by the medical model

34
Q

Health Inequality

A

Disparities in health outcomes and access to healthcare services based on social, economic, and environmental factors

35
Q

Holistic Health purpose

A

an approach to health that considers the whole person, including physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being

36
Q

Preventative Medicine purpose

A

A branch of medicine focused primarily on preventing disease and promoting health through lifestyle changes, vaccinations, and public health initiatives

37
Q

Health Policy purpose

A

decisions and actions taken by governments and organizations to improve health outcomes and address health disparities within populations

38
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A

the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect their health and well-being

39
Q

Chronic Disease

A

a long lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured, such as arthritis or diabetes

40
Q

Preventative medicine

A

medical practices aimed at preventing diseases rather than treating them after they occur

41
Q

Public health

A

the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities

42
Q

Institutionalization

A

embedding something within an organization or culture often referring to the establishment of health care systems and practices

43
Q

Mortality rate

A

measure of the number of deaths in a given population to assess the impact of diseases

44
Q

Life expectancy

A

the average period a person may expect to live

45
Q

Infectious disease

A

diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be transmitted to one another

46
Q

Endemic meaning

A

disease or condition regularly found and consistently present in a particular geographic area or population

47
Q

Pandemic

A

outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale affecting a large number of people

48
Q

Social Cohesion

A

the bonds that bring society together promoting trust and cooperation among individuals and groups

49
Q

Socio-historical Context

A

social circumstances that shape the understanding and response to health crises

50
Q

Social inequality

A

unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different social groups, often impacting health outcomes

51
Q

Toxic masculinity

A

Cultural norms that define masculinity in terms of dominance, aggression, and emotional suppression, often leading to negative social outcomes

52
Q

Scapegoating

A

The act of blaming an individual or group for problems or negative outcomes, often without justification

53
Q

Stigmatization

A

the process of labelling individuals or groups as socially undesirable, leading to discrimination and social exclusion

54
Q

Misinformation

A

false or misleading information that is spread without the intent to cause harm

55
Q

Disinformation

A

false information that is deliberately spread with the intent to deceive or cause harm

56
Q

Fragility of social bonds

A

the vulnerability of relationships and social connections, especially during crises or periods of uncertainty

57
Q

Post Truth Society

A

significant part of the population disregards factual evidence in favour of emotional appeals

58
Q

Evidence-based interventions

A

Strategies and practices that are grounded in scientific research and data to effectively address health issues

59
Q

Status Syndrome

A

the psychological experience of inequality, where individuals perceptions of their social status impact their health and well being

60
Q

Cumulative advantages and disadvantages

A

the concept that individuals accumulate benefits or burdens over time, affecting their health and social outcomes

61
Q

Health lifestyle paradigm

A

a framework that examines how social class and socialization influence health behaviours and lifestyle choices

62
Q

The black report

A

assesses the health of the of the population, highlighting statistical issues, natural selection arguments, lifestyle explanations, and material conditions

63
Q

Whitehall Studies

A

civil servants in the UK demonstrating a social gradient in health, showing that job position and pay affect mortality rate

64
Q

Chronic Stress

A

a significant factor impacting health, particularly for those at the lower end of the hierarchy

65
Q

Lifestyle explanations

A

the idea that health disparities are primarily due to individual lifestyle choices rather than structural factors

66
Q

Reward system

A

a mechanism that acknowledges and compensates for their work, crucial for preventing burnout

67
Q

Law of Diminishing Returns

A

A principle stating that after a certain point investment in a particular area yields progressively

68
Q

Hypothalamus

A

a brain region that plays a crucial role in the stress response and regulation of hormones, including cortisol

69
Q

Social hierarchy

A

the organization of individuals into a ranked order based on factors like wealth, education, and occupation that impact health and stress levels

70
Q

What is a state of mind

A

this enables us to grasp the connection between history and biography and the relations between the two within society

71
Q

Difference between the medical and social model

A

both models exist together but may not work together; Medical (doctors, care model)
Social (preventative, social)

72
Q

What did Rene Descartes do

A

he created the scientific method, this was the physical and material body separate from the mind

73
Q

Notion of citizenship meaning

A

member of nation that have rights and responsibilities which follow the rules in exchange for being protected

74
Q

Misinformation vs. Distrust

A

misinformation is not intended to cause harm through false info, disinformation is consciously wanting to cause harm with false info

75
Q

How does economic and social policy affect socioeconomic gradient

A

Income distribution, access to education, access to healthcare, housing access

76
Q

Scarcity meaning

A

resource is in high demand

77
Q

Rarity meaning

A

resource is limited and hard to find

78
Q

What is significant about health and illness

A

this is a type of poverty or choice you have in life, if you are rich it is a choice if you are poor it is poverty

Sociology of Health and Physical Activity Midterm (1 decks)

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