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Sociology of Health and Physical Activity Midterm > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is social capital

A

social bonds and networks that unit people enabling cooperation and resource sharing

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2
Q

name three theorists who contributed to social capital theory

A

Pierre Bourdieu, Robert Putnam, Émile Durkheim

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3
Q

how can social capital influence health

A

superior health practices can help with all things health

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4
Q

what is the role of parks and libraries in social capital

A

they are social infrastructures that support health practices and help manage stress

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5
Q

how does income and education relate to social capital

A

wealthier and more educated individuals often have higher quality social networks

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6
Q

what does the Roseto study demonstrate about social capital

A

strong social networks in a community were linked to lower heart disease rates

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7
Q

what are two components of Robert Putnmans social capital

A

structural (quality and quantity of networks) and cognitive (trust and shared values)

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8
Q

what is the difference between bonding and bridging social capital

A

bonding links similar people, while bridging connects diverse people

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9
Q

what happens when social capital erodes

A

social cohesion decreases leading to challenges like mistrust, isolation and reduced civic participation

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10
Q

why are the elderly vulnerable during heatwaves according to social capital theory

A

they may lack strong social networks to provide support and resources during crises

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11
Q

what is Pierre Bourdieu’s view of social capital

A

it is a resource tied to durable networks of mutual recognition and support often reinforcing social class and power

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12
Q

how does Robert Putnam define social capital

A

connections among individuals based on reciprocity and trust

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13
Q

what is Durkheim’s connection to social capital

A

he linked social integration and regulation to mental health, showing how social ties protect against isolation and disorganization

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14
Q

what is linking social capital

A

networks that bridge social strata or connect individuals with institutions and government

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15
Q

how does cultural capital differ from social capital

A

cultural capital relates to education and cultural knowledge while social capital focuses on the power of networks

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16
Q

Why is trust essential in social capital?

A

It enables cooperation, sharing of resources, and effective relationships within communities.

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17
Q

How can social capital mitigate unemployment?

A

By providing access to job opportunities through networks and connections.

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18
Q

what is the role of policies in fostering social capital

A

policies can create environments that facilitate relationships

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19
Q

what does the concept of “bowling alone” signify

A

the decline of communal activities and rise of individualism

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20
Q

how does social media impact social capital

A

it can weaken face to face connections

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21
Q

what are the three levels of Barkham’s social capital framework

A

macro (societal conditions), meso (support groups), micro (individual networks)

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22
Q

what is the relationship between social capital and inequality

A

high social capital can reduce health inequalities

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23
Q

how does consumer culture challenge social capital

A

promotes individualism and dissatisfaction

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24
Q

what did Durkheim identify as the four types of suicide

A

egotistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic

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25
Q

what factors contribute to micro level satisfaction

A

society support, social involvement, interaction

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26
Q

how do bonds influence health and stress

A

bonds do not just protect against stress but also influence behaviour

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27
Q

what are the four major pathways connecting social networks and health

A

social support, social influence, social attachment, access to resources

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28
Q

how does social support improve health

A

enhances resistance, reduces susceptibility and offers protection against stress

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29
Q

what is social cohesion

A

a measure of connectedness, trust and solidarity

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30
Q

what role do social networks play in health

A

they emphasize interpersonal connections that provide resources

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31
Q

what health risks are associated with being single or divorced

A

higher mortality rates and poorer health outcomes

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32
Q

what did Cohen’s study in JAMA conclude about social networks and health

A

stronger social networks reduce susceptibility to illness

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33
Q

how does isolation impact aging and mortality

A

isolation accelerates aging and increases the probability of death

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34
Q

how does low social capital relate to health behaviour

A

it is associated with higher levels of health damaging behaviours

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35
Q

what did Brown and Harris study reveal about depression

A

depression is often linked to loss of social networks and support systems

36
Q

how does social participation benefit health practices

A

it improves self-esteem, adaptability, security and reduces stress

37
Q

what negative effects can social networks have on physical activity

A

discouraging behaviours, stigmatization and overprotection

38
Q

what are some key characteristics of social infrastructure

A

inclusive social spaces that meet mobility needs and improve quality of life

39
Q

how does social capital protect against disaster related mortality

A

it reduces isolation

40
Q

what factors contribute to isolation among the elderly

A

living alone, lack of family, fear of crime

41
Q

what role does gender play in isolation and mortality risk

A

men face higher isolation and mortality risks due to weaker social ties

42
Q

how does physical activity benefit from social networks in older adults

A

social support encourages activity and counters ageism

43
Q

how does societal structure influence health and isolation

A

spatial transformations like gated communities can increase isolation

44
Q

what are the consequences of cultural conditions on health

A

individualism and fear can lead to isolation and reduced social ties

45
Q

what is the relationship between social capital and gendered health outcomes

A

gender norms and societal expectations shape access to social networks

46
Q

how do trans youth compare in health outcomes to cis youth

A

trans youth face slightly higher risk of psychological distress and unmet healthcare needs (AS THEY SHOULD)

47
Q

what health disparities exist for trans Ontarians

A

they report three times the unment healthcare needs compared to gen pop (GOOD)

48
Q

what is the significance of social investments in health

A

employment, friendships and community engagement

49
Q

what are the key solutions to address trans people’s health needs

A

improve anti-discrimination, support families, increase healthcare training

50
Q

what are women’s health complaints often viewed according to Brumberg

A

as psychosomatic expressions of emotional problems tied to societal divisions between public and private

51
Q

what is agoraphobia and how does it relate to women’s health

A

represents anxieties about women’s bodies in public spaces historically tied to societal power and security

52
Q

what is the biophysical model of eating disorders

A

it explains eating disorder through and three lenses

53
Q

what are examples of eating disorders

A

anorexia, bulimia, binge eating

54
Q

what is orthorexia

A

a non clinical eating disorder where excessive focus on health and nutrition affects performance

55
Q

what societal changes contributed to the rise in anorexia since the 1980s

A

consumer society, body image, body regulation

56
Q

what did Becker’s 2002 study on Fijian girls reveal about eating disorders and media influence

A

after TV the eating disorders would increase significantly

57
Q

what are common traits of adolescent girls with anorexia

A

high achievers, perfectionists, limited social circles

58
Q

how does sport environment influence eating disorders

A

many sports emphasize performance and body judgment

59
Q

what are the four phases of becoming anorexic

A

transformation initiation, rupturing identity, adopting appearance strategies, maintaining commitment

60
Q

what role does family play in the development of anorexia

A

family environments that emphasize high achievement and body control

61
Q

how does modern consumer culture affect body image

A

prioritizes physical appearance and ties self worth to body image

62
Q

why is anorexia more common in the middle and upper class

A

groups emphasize body image with personal success

63
Q

what is the significance of food in eating disorders

A

food choices reflect social norms and personal control

64
Q

what historical changes shifted focus from internal character to body image for girls

A

post WW1 secularization and the rise of consumerism

65
Q

what is the “somatic society” concept

A

describes society where personal and social issues are expressed through the body

66
Q

what makes anorexia a complex condition

A

multi determined condition influenced by social environment, biological vulnerability and psychological dispositions

67
Q

what are the key elements studied in the psychological model of anorexia

A

family relations, mother-daughter dynamics and identity transitions

68
Q

what is the integrated approach to understanding anorexia

A

a model combining sociology, biology and psychology

69
Q

what societal factors exacerbate anorexia in individuals

A

living in an obsesophobic society with cultural ideals of thinness

70
Q

how does joblessness impact mens health and well being

A

it leads to loss of social support, decreased self worth, and increased stress

71
Q

what is a key issue for men in high risk jobs

A

these jobs have the highest death rates due to injuries and accidents

72
Q

what caused the “Missing Men of Russia” phenomenon

A

economic instability and increased inequality following the collapse of the USSR

73
Q

what does ontological security refer to

A

strong social networks and trust help mitigate stress and health issues

74
Q

what is the epidemiological transition

A

a shift in disease patterns from infectious diseases to chronic conditions due to aging populations

75
Q

why is triage in healthcare morally complex

A

it requires prioritizing limited resources, often raising ethical dilemmas about who receives care

76
Q

what demographic trends are shaping Canada’s aging population

A

the proportion of people over 65 is increasing

77
Q

what is the significance of shared vulnerability in health resource allocation

A

everyone’s equal potential to suffer and the need for fair distribution of scarce resources

78
Q

what challenges arise from managing aging and chronic diseases in healthcare

A

increased costs, resource scarcity, and ethical decisions

79
Q

medicine under the influence societal level application

A

focuses on systemic and structural factors
i.e: the societal pressure to prioritize healthcare resources and funding influences who can receive treatments

80
Q

medicine under the influence normative level

A

centred on shared norms, values, and moral frameworks
i.e: parents and caregiver often face expectations of sacrifice and care giving

81
Q

medicine under the influence experiential level

A

emphasizes personal experiences, emotions and individualism
i.e: medical staff grapple with emotional fatigue and moral distress when making decisions about selective non-treatment

82
Q

medicine under the influence epidemiological transition

A

movie displayed how the advancements in technology have shifted the landscape of healthcare

83
Q

medicine under the influence scarcity

A

resource allocation in hospitals often forces medical staff to make decisions based on scarcity

84
Q

medicine under the influence normal and moral queuing

A

the documentary addresses how societal and institutional biases influence whose lives are prioritized

85
Q

medicine under the influence sanctity of life vs. quality of life issues

A

parents and medical professionals wrestle with whether preserving life at all costs is ethical when the quality of that life might involve pain

86
Q

medicine under the influence social suffering

A

the parents of disabled children often face social stigma and economic strain

87
Q

solutions to the issues seen in medicine under the influence

A
  1. equitable resource allocation
  2. comprehensive ethical frameworks
  3. support for families
  4. cultural shifts
  5. training for medical staff
  6. interdisciplinary committees

Sociology of Health and Physical Activity Midterm (2 decks)

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