Final Exam Flashcards
What is social capital
social bonds and networks that unit people enabling cooperation and resource sharing
name three theorists who contributed to social capital theory
Pierre Bourdieu, Robert Putnam, Émile Durkheim
how can social capital influence health
superior health practices can help with all things health
what is the role of parks and libraries in social capital
they are social infrastructures that support health practices and help manage stress
how does income and education relate to social capital
wealthier and more educated individuals often have higher quality social networks
what does the Roseto study demonstrate about social capital
strong social networks in a community were linked to lower heart disease rates
what are two components of Robert Putnmans social capital
structural (quality and quantity of networks) and cognitive (trust and shared values)
what is the difference between bonding and bridging social capital
bonding links similar people, while bridging connects diverse people
what happens when social capital erodes
social cohesion decreases leading to challenges like mistrust, isolation and reduced civic participation
why are the elderly vulnerable during heatwaves according to social capital theory
they may lack strong social networks to provide support and resources during crises
what is Pierre Bourdieu’s view of social capital
it is a resource tied to durable networks of mutual recognition and support often reinforcing social class and power
how does Robert Putnam define social capital
connections among individuals based on reciprocity and trust
what is Durkheim’s connection to social capital
he linked social integration and regulation to mental health, showing how social ties protect against isolation and disorganization
what is linking social capital
networks that bridge social strata or connect individuals with institutions and government
how does cultural capital differ from social capital
cultural capital relates to education and cultural knowledge while social capital focuses on the power of networks
Why is trust essential in social capital?
It enables cooperation, sharing of resources, and effective relationships within communities.
How can social capital mitigate unemployment?
By providing access to job opportunities through networks and connections.
what is the role of policies in fostering social capital
policies can create environments that facilitate relationships
what does the concept of “bowling alone” signify
the decline of communal activities and rise of individualism
how does social media impact social capital
it can weaken face to face connections
what are the three levels of Barkham’s social capital framework
macro (societal conditions), meso (support groups), micro (individual networks)
what is the relationship between social capital and inequality
high social capital can reduce health inequalities
how does consumer culture challenge social capital
promotes individualism and dissatisfaction
what did Durkheim identify as the four types of suicide
egotistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic
what factors contribute to micro level satisfaction
society support, social involvement, interaction
how do bonds influence health and stress
bonds do not just protect against stress but also influence behaviour
what are the four major pathways connecting social networks and health
social support, social influence, social attachment, access to resources
how does social support improve health
enhances resistance, reduces susceptibility and offers protection against stress
what is social cohesion
a measure of connectedness, trust and solidarity
what role do social networks play in health
they emphasize interpersonal connections that provide resources
what health risks are associated with being single or divorced
higher mortality rates and poorer health outcomes
what did Cohen’s study in JAMA conclude about social networks and health
stronger social networks reduce susceptibility to illness
how does isolation impact aging and mortality
isolation accelerates aging and increases the probability of death
how does low social capital relate to health behaviour
it is associated with higher levels of health damaging behaviours
what did Brown and Harris study reveal about depression
depression is often linked to loss of social networks and support systems
how does social participation benefit health practices
it improves self-esteem, adaptability, security and reduces stress
what negative effects can social networks have on physical activity
discouraging behaviours, stigmatization and overprotection
what are some key characteristics of social infrastructure
inclusive social spaces that meet mobility needs and improve quality of life
how does social capital protect against disaster related mortality
it reduces isolation
what factors contribute to isolation among the elderly
living alone, lack of family, fear of crime
what role does gender play in isolation and mortality risk
men face higher isolation and mortality risks due to weaker social ties
how does physical activity benefit from social networks in older adults
social support encourages activity and counters ageism
how does societal structure influence health and isolation
spatial transformations like gated communities can increase isolation
what are the consequences of cultural conditions on health
individualism and fear can lead to isolation and reduced social ties
what is the relationship between social capital and gendered health outcomes
gender norms and societal expectations shape access to social networks
how do trans youth compare in health outcomes to cis youth
trans youth face slightly higher risk of psychological distress and unmet healthcare needs (AS THEY SHOULD)
what health disparities exist for trans Ontarians
they report three times the unment healthcare needs compared to gen pop (GOOD)
what is the significance of social investments in health
employment, friendships and community engagement
what are the key solutions to address trans people’s health needs
improve anti-discrimination, support families, increase healthcare training
what are women’s health complaints often viewed according to Brumberg
as psychosomatic expressions of emotional problems tied to societal divisions between public and private
what is agoraphobia and how does it relate to women’s health
represents anxieties about women’s bodies in public spaces historically tied to societal power and security
what is the biophysical model of eating disorders
it explains eating disorder through and three lenses
what are examples of eating disorders
anorexia, bulimia, binge eating
what is orthorexia
a non clinical eating disorder where excessive focus on health and nutrition affects performance
what societal changes contributed to the rise in anorexia since the 1980s
consumer society, body image, body regulation
what did Becker’s 2002 study on Fijian girls reveal about eating disorders and media influence
after TV the eating disorders would increase significantly
what are common traits of adolescent girls with anorexia
high achievers, perfectionists, limited social circles
how does sport environment influence eating disorders
many sports emphasize performance and body judgment
what are the four phases of becoming anorexic
transformation initiation, rupturing identity, adopting appearance strategies, maintaining commitment
what role does family play in the development of anorexia
family environments that emphasize high achievement and body control
how does modern consumer culture affect body image
prioritizes physical appearance and ties self worth to body image
why is anorexia more common in the middle and upper class
groups emphasize body image with personal success
what is the significance of food in eating disorders
food choices reflect social norms and personal control
what historical changes shifted focus from internal character to body image for girls
post WW1 secularization and the rise of consumerism
what is the “somatic society” concept
describes society where personal and social issues are expressed through the body
what makes anorexia a complex condition
multi determined condition influenced by social environment, biological vulnerability and psychological dispositions
what are the key elements studied in the psychological model of anorexia
family relations, mother-daughter dynamics and identity transitions
what is the integrated approach to understanding anorexia
a model combining sociology, biology and psychology
what societal factors exacerbate anorexia in individuals
living in an obsesophobic society with cultural ideals of thinness
how does joblessness impact mens health and well being
it leads to loss of social support, decreased self worth, and increased stress
what is a key issue for men in high risk jobs
these jobs have the highest death rates due to injuries and accidents
what caused the “Missing Men of Russia” phenomenon
economic instability and increased inequality following the collapse of the USSR
what does ontological security refer to
strong social networks and trust help mitigate stress and health issues
what is the epidemiological transition
a shift in disease patterns from infectious diseases to chronic conditions due to aging populations
why is triage in healthcare morally complex
it requires prioritizing limited resources, often raising ethical dilemmas about who receives care
what demographic trends are shaping Canada’s aging population
the proportion of people over 65 is increasing
what is the significance of shared vulnerability in health resource allocation
everyone’s equal potential to suffer and the need for fair distribution of scarce resources
what challenges arise from managing aging and chronic diseases in healthcare
increased costs, resource scarcity, and ethical decisions
medicine under the influence societal level application
focuses on systemic and structural factors
i.e: the societal pressure to prioritize healthcare resources and funding influences who can receive treatments
medicine under the influence normative level
centred on shared norms, values, and moral frameworks
i.e: parents and caregiver often face expectations of sacrifice and care giving
medicine under the influence experiential level
emphasizes personal experiences, emotions and individualism
i.e: medical staff grapple with emotional fatigue and moral distress when making decisions about selective non-treatment
medicine under the influence epidemiological transition
movie displayed how the advancements in technology have shifted the landscape of healthcare
medicine under the influence scarcity
resource allocation in hospitals often forces medical staff to make decisions based on scarcity
medicine under the influence normal and moral queuing
the documentary addresses how societal and institutional biases influence whose lives are prioritized
medicine under the influence sanctity of life vs. quality of life issues
parents and medical professionals wrestle with whether preserving life at all costs is ethical when the quality of that life might involve pain
medicine under the influence social suffering
the parents of disabled children often face social stigma and economic strain
solutions to the issues seen in medicine under the influence
- equitable resource allocation
- comprehensive ethical frameworks
- support for families
- cultural shifts
- training for medical staff
- interdisciplinary committees
