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Sociology of Health and Physical Activity Midterm > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is social capital

A

social bonds and networks that unit people enabling cooperation and resource sharing

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2
Q

name three theorists who contributed to social capital theory

A

Pierre Bourdieu, Robert Putnam, Émile Durkheim

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3
Q

how can social capital influence health

A

superior health practices can help with all things health

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4
Q

what is the role of parks and libraries in social capital

A

they are social infrastructures that support health practices and help manage stress

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5
Q

how does income and education relate to social capital

A

wealthier and more educated individuals often have higher quality social networks

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6
Q

what does the Roseto study demonstrate about social capital

A

strong social networks in a community were linked to lower heart disease rates

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7
Q

what are two components of Robert Putnmans social capital

A

structural (quality and quantity of networks) and cognitive (trust and shared values)

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8
Q

what is the difference between bonding and bridging social capital

A

bonding links similar people, while bridging connects diverse people

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9
Q

what happens when social capital erodes

A

social cohesion decreases leading to challenges like mistrust, isolation and reduced civic participation

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10
Q

why are the elderly vulnerable during heatwaves according to social capital theory

A

they may lack strong social networks to provide support and resources during crises

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11
Q

what is Pierre Bourdieu’s view of social capital

A

it is a resource tied to durable networks of mutual recognition and support often reinforcing social class and power

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12
Q

how does Robert Putnam define social capital

A

connections among individuals based on reciprocity and trust

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13
Q

what is Durkheim’s connection to social capital

A

he linked social integration and regulation to mental health, showing how social ties protect against isolation and disorganization

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14
Q

what is linking social capital

A

networks that bridge social strata or connect individuals with institutions and government

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15
Q

how does cultural capital differ from social capital

A

cultural capital relates to education and cultural knowledge while social capital focuses on the power of networks

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16
Q

Why is trust essential in social capital?

A

It enables cooperation, sharing of resources, and effective relationships within communities.

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17
Q

How can social capital mitigate unemployment?

A

By providing access to job opportunities through networks and connections.

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18
Q

what is the role of policies in fostering social capital

A

policies can create environments that facilitate relationships

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19
Q

what does the concept of “bowling alone” signify

A

the decline of communal activities and rise of individualism

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20
Q

how does social media impact social capital

A

it can weaken face to face connections

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21
Q

what are the three levels of Barkham’s social capital framework

A

macro (societal conditions), meso (support groups), micro (individual networks)

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22
Q

what is the relationship between social capital and inequality

A

high social capital can reduce health inequalities

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23
Q

how does consumer culture challenge social capital

A

promotes individualism and dissatisfaction

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24
Q

what did Durkheim identify as the four types of suicide

A

egotistic, altruistic, anomic and fatalistic

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25
what factors contribute to micro level satisfaction
society support, social involvement, interaction
26
how do bonds influence health and stress
bonds do not just protect against stress but also influence behaviour
27
what are the four major pathways connecting social networks and health
social support, social influence, social attachment, access to resources
28
how does social support improve health
enhances resistance, reduces susceptibility and offers protection against stress
29
what is social cohesion
a measure of connectedness, trust and solidarity
30
what role do social networks play in health
they emphasize interpersonal connections that provide resources
31
what health risks are associated with being single or divorced
higher mortality rates and poorer health outcomes
32
what did Cohen's study in JAMA conclude about social networks and health
stronger social networks reduce susceptibility to illness
33
how does isolation impact aging and mortality
isolation accelerates aging and increases the probability of death
34
how does low social capital relate to health behaviour
it is associated with higher levels of health damaging behaviours
35
what did Brown and Harris study reveal about depression
depression is often linked to loss of social networks and support systems
36
how does social participation benefit health practices
it improves self-esteem, adaptability, security and reduces stress
37
what negative effects can social networks have on physical activity
discouraging behaviours, stigmatization and overprotection
38
what are some key characteristics of social infrastructure
inclusive social spaces that meet mobility needs and improve quality of life
39
how does social capital protect against disaster related mortality
it reduces isolation
40
what factors contribute to isolation among the elderly
living alone, lack of family, fear of crime
41
what role does gender play in isolation and mortality risk
men face higher isolation and mortality risks due to weaker social ties
42
how does physical activity benefit from social networks in older adults
social support encourages activity and counters ageism
43
how does societal structure influence health and isolation
spatial transformations like gated communities can increase isolation
44
what are the consequences of cultural conditions on health
individualism and fear can lead to isolation and reduced social ties
45
what is the relationship between social capital and gendered health outcomes
gender norms and societal expectations shape access to social networks
46
how do trans youth compare in health outcomes to cis youth
trans youth face slightly higher risk of psychological distress and unmet healthcare needs (AS THEY SHOULD)
47
what health disparities exist for trans Ontarians
they report three times the unment healthcare needs compared to gen pop (GOOD)
48
what is the significance of social investments in health
employment, friendships and community engagement
49
what are the key solutions to address trans people's health needs
improve anti-discrimination, support families, increase healthcare training
50
what are women's health complaints often viewed according to Brumberg
as psychosomatic expressions of emotional problems tied to societal divisions between public and private
51
what is agoraphobia and how does it relate to women's health
represents anxieties about women's bodies in public spaces historically tied to societal power and security
52
what is the biophysical model of eating disorders
it explains eating disorder through and three lenses
53
what are examples of eating disorders
anorexia, bulimia, binge eating
54
what is orthorexia
a non clinical eating disorder where excessive focus on health and nutrition affects performance
55
what societal changes contributed to the rise in anorexia since the 1980s
consumer society, body image, body regulation
56
what did Becker's 2002 study on Fijian girls reveal about eating disorders and media influence
after TV the eating disorders would increase significantly
57
what are common traits of adolescent girls with anorexia
high achievers, perfectionists, limited social circles
58
how does sport environment influence eating disorders
many sports emphasize performance and body judgment
59
what are the four phases of becoming anorexic
transformation initiation, rupturing identity, adopting appearance strategies, maintaining commitment
60
what role does family play in the development of anorexia
family environments that emphasize high achievement and body control
61
how does modern consumer culture affect body image
prioritizes physical appearance and ties self worth to body image
62
why is anorexia more common in the middle and upper class
groups emphasize body image with personal success
63
what is the significance of food in eating disorders
food choices reflect social norms and personal control
64
what historical changes shifted focus from internal character to body image for girls
post WW1 secularization and the rise of consumerism
65
what is the "somatic society" concept
describes society where personal and social issues are expressed through the body
66
what makes anorexia a complex condition
multi determined condition influenced by social environment, biological vulnerability and psychological dispositions
67
what are the key elements studied in the psychological model of anorexia
family relations, mother-daughter dynamics and identity transitions
68
what is the integrated approach to understanding anorexia
a model combining sociology, biology and psychology
69
what societal factors exacerbate anorexia in individuals
living in an obsesophobic society with cultural ideals of thinness
70
how does joblessness impact mens health and well being
it leads to loss of social support, decreased self worth, and increased stress
71
what is a key issue for men in high risk jobs
these jobs have the highest death rates due to injuries and accidents
72
what caused the "Missing Men of Russia" phenomenon
economic instability and increased inequality following the collapse of the USSR
73
what does ontological security refer to
strong social networks and trust help mitigate stress and health issues
74
what is the epidemiological transition
a shift in disease patterns from infectious diseases to chronic conditions due to aging populations
75
why is triage in healthcare morally complex
it requires prioritizing limited resources, often raising ethical dilemmas about who receives care
76
what demographic trends are shaping Canada's aging population
the proportion of people over 65 is increasing
77
what is the significance of shared vulnerability in health resource allocation
everyone's equal potential to suffer and the need for fair distribution of scarce resources
78
what challenges arise from managing aging and chronic diseases in healthcare
increased costs, resource scarcity, and ethical decisions
79
medicine under the influence societal level application
focuses on systemic and structural factors i.e: the societal pressure to prioritize healthcare resources and funding influences who can receive treatments
80
medicine under the influence normative level
centred on shared norms, values, and moral frameworks i.e: parents and caregiver often face expectations of sacrifice and care giving
81
medicine under the influence experiential level
emphasizes personal experiences, emotions and individualism i.e: medical staff grapple with emotional fatigue and moral distress when making decisions about selective non-treatment
82
medicine under the influence epidemiological transition
movie displayed how the advancements in technology have shifted the landscape of healthcare
83
medicine under the influence scarcity
resource allocation in hospitals often forces medical staff to make decisions based on scarcity
84
medicine under the influence normal and moral queuing
the documentary addresses how societal and institutional biases influence whose lives are prioritized
85
medicine under the influence sanctity of life vs. quality of life issues
parents and medical professionals wrestle with whether preserving life at all costs is ethical when the quality of that life might involve pain
86
medicine under the influence social suffering
the parents of disabled children often face social stigma and economic strain
87
solutions to the issues seen in medicine under the influence
1. equitable resource allocation 2. comprehensive ethical frameworks 3. support for families 4. cultural shifts 5. training for medical staff 6. interdisciplinary committees

Sociology of Health and Physical Activity Midterm (2 decks)

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