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Photography > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

If you were shopping for a new lens and wanted the fastest possible, which of the following would be the best choice?

A

A f/2.0 Lens

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2
Q

Which of the following procedures is the most helpful at avoiding camera shake?

A

Using a shutter speed of 1/1000

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3
Q

Fast films are characterized by ____ than slow films

A

Larger grain and less sharpness

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4
Q

Usually the slower the film speed the ____

A

Greater the sharpness

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5
Q

Given a shutter speed setting of 1/125, you could double the exposure by keeping the aperture the same and setting the shutter at

A

1/60

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6
Q

Your camera is set at f/11. To open up three stops, you would set your aperture at

A

f/4

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7
Q

Which of the following settings will give the least depth of field at any given distance

A

f/1.4

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8
Q

As you stop down, depth of field _____ and light passing through the aperture _____

A

Increases/decreases

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9
Q

Under certain conditions you find that a correct exposure reading is 1/125 at f/4. An equivalent exposure is 1/30 at

A

f/8

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10
Q

1/1000 at f/5.6 is equivalent to ____ at f/16

A

1/60

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11
Q

1/500 at f/22 is equivalent to ____ at f/5.6

A

1/60

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12
Q

If you wanted to decrease the contrast on a given print, which contrast filter would you use

A

4

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13
Q

While enlarging a negative, you can give less exposure to a certain portion of your print that otherwise would be too dark by

A

dodging

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14
Q

Peace and tranquility is suggested by a _____ line of composition

A

Horizontal

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15
Q

For a film rater ISO 100, you find that a correct exposure is 1/250 at f/5.6. If your film were rated is ISO 50 you correct exposure under the same conditions would be _____ at f/5.6

A

1/125

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16
Q

Your light meter expects a reflectance equal to

A

a 18% gray card

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17
Q

Latitude in film is the ability of film to

A

the ability to make an acceptable print without the correct amount of light

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18
Q

On most SLR cameras the focusing of the lens is done with

A

the aperture wide open

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19
Q

A lighting ratio of 3:1 means how much difference between the key and fill light?

A

2 f-stops

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20
Q

If you are photographing a dinosaur using a 500mm lens it is a good idea to keep far away so you wont be squished. What is the slowest shutter speed you could use if you hold that lens by hand.

A

1/500

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21
Q

If your camera says you are going to overexpose the film you may correct the exposure by

A

set aperture to a smaller f number

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22
Q

What do photographers call unwanted light that reflects or scatters inside a lens or camera?

A

Flare

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23
Q

During processing of film the ____ changes the exposed film grains into dark thick deposits of silver which appear black to the eye.

A

developer

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24
Q

One a negative the clear areas represent the _____ parts of our subject

A

white

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25
Q

The closer the camera gets to the subject the _____ depth of field.

A

greater

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26
Q

Which of the following is considered a good portrait lens for a 35mm film camera?

A

50mm

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27
Q

A lens with a focal length of 400mm will makes a row of cars on the freeway look ______

A

bunched together

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28
Q

Camera shake from hand-holding a camera is most noticeable with a _______ lens

A

telephoto

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29
Q

An under-exposed negative will be

A

light almost clear

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30
Q

A red filter placed on the lens while using black and white film will cause something that is red in our subject to look ____ in our finished prints.

A

darker

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31
Q

Prints that turn purple in a few days

A

were not fixed long enough

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32
Q

Negatives are placed in the enlarger negative holder ______

A

Shiny side up

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33
Q

What filter would you put on a camera lens using black and white film to make a blue sky appear darker?

A

red

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34
Q

What kind of kodak developer do we use in our photo lab to develop our ISO 400

A

D-76 1:1

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35
Q

When we add light to only a small portion of a print after the main exposure we are _____

A

burning in

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36
Q

If we take black and white photos in the snow in bright sunlight our light meter will try to turn the snow gray. To fix this we must set the exposure to

A

Let in more light

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37
Q

If you are using 400 ISO film and do not have a light meter you can get good exposures in bright sun by setting the shutter to ____ and f/16

A

1/500

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38
Q

Which type of lighting will bring out the texture of the surface of a subject?

A

Side

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39
Q

A lens with a short focal length used for photographs of landscapes or inside of a building in tight quarters is called

A

Wide angle

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40
Q

This term describes a print having a wide range of tonal values from deep rich black through many shades of gray to brilliant white

A

Full scale

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41
Q

The more diffused a light source is the more ____ the light

A

softer

42
Q

If you have a lighting ratio of 2:1 the key light is _____ as bright as the dark side of the subjects face

A

twice

43
Q

ISO Numbers

A

100
200
400
800
1600
3200
6400
12800

44
Q

Shutter Speed

A

1/2
1/4
1/8
1/15
1/30
1/60
1/125
1/250
1/500
1/1000

45
Q

F-stops

A

f/16
f/11
f/8
f/ 5.6
f/4
f/2.8

46
Q

Aperture Defintion

A

the opening in a camera lens that controls the amount of light entering the camera.

47
Q

ISO Definition

A

the sensitivity of your camera’s sensor to light

48
Q

Four point light system

A

a key light, fill light, backlight, and background light

49
Q

Contrast filter

A

control the contrast between light and dark areas in an image

50
Q

Sunny 16 Rule

A

help determine proper exposure without a light meter

51
Q

Macro lens

A

camera lens designed for close-up photography

52
Q

Incident-light meter

A

measure the amount of light falling onto a subject

53
Q

Depth of field

A

the zone of acceptable sharpness or focus in an image

54
Q

Focal plane shutter

A

controls the exposure by moving two across the sensor or film, exposing it to light for a precise amount of time

55
Q

DX coding

A

allows the camera to read the film’s speed (ISO), number of exposures, and exposure latitude

56
Q

Dodge

A

selectively lighten specific areas of an image

57
Q

Middle or 18% grey

A

a neutral gray that reflects 18% of the light that hits it

58
Q

Color temperature

A

indicates the color appearance of the light

59
Q

Emulsion

A

a light-sensitive coating applied to photographic film or paper that contains silver halide crystals suspended in a gelatin medium

60
Q

Bracket

A

a technique used to ensure that at least one of a series of shots will have the correct exposure

61
Q

Focal length

A

defines its optical power and affects the composition and perspective of photographs

62
Q

Hard light

A

lighting that creates strong, well-defined shadows and highlights in a photograph

63
Q

Diffusion

A

softening or scattering light to reduce its harshness and create a more even illumination

64
Q

Shutter priority

A

allows the photographer to set the shutter speed while the camera automatically adjusts the aperture to maintain proper exposure

65
Q

Aperture priority

A

set the aperture while the camera automatically adjusts the shutter speed to maintain proper exposure

66
Q

Manual SLR

A

full control over exposure settings, including aperture, shutter speed, and focus

67
Q

Reciprocity

A

exposure can be maintained constant by adjusting the relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and light intensity

68
Q

Hyperfocal distance

A

the closest distance at which a lens can be focused while keeping objects at infinity acceptably sharp

69
Q

Burn

A

toning black-and-white prints to achieve various effects

70
Q

Metering Systems:

A
  1. Averaging - all the light received
  2. Center-weighted - light measured in the center of the frame
  3. Spot - light in a very small area of the frame
  4. Multi-segment - multiple zones
71
Q

Golden hour

A

time shortly after sunrise and before sunset

72
Q

Panning

A

capture motion while keeping a moving subject relatively sharp against a blurred background

73
Q

Fresnel light

A

focus and diffuse light

74
Q

Soft box

A

create soft, diffused light

75
Q

Umbrella reflector

A

reflect light

76
Q

What is a “fast lens”

A

large maximum aperture

77
Q

Techniques to create a shallow DOF

A

large aperture, get close to subject

78
Q

Crop Factor for calculating apparent focal length on crop sensor cameras

A

determine the effective or “apparent” focal length of a lens

79
Q

Fixer (hypo)

A

stabilize the image on photographic film or paper

80
Q

Stop bath

A

halt the development of film

81
Q

Wash Aid (Hypo clearing agent)

A

enhance the washing of film

82
Q

Photo-flo (wetting agent)

A

enhance the drying of film

83
Q

Resin-coated (RC) vs Fiber-based paper

A

Resin is smooth and glossy and fiber is matte

84
Q

Catchlight

A

small reflection of light in a subject’s eyes

85
Q

Filter factor

A

numerical value that indicates the degree to which a filter reduces the amount of light entering the camera lens

86
Q

Film grain

A

visible particles of silver or dye

87
Q

Inverse square law

A

the intensity of light or other forms of radiation diminishes as it travels away from a source

88
Q

Telephoto lens

A

capture distant subjects with greater detail and magnification

89
Q

Flare

A

stray light enters the lens

90
Q

Density

A

darkness or opacity of a film

91
Q

Photogram

A

photographic image made without a camera by placing objects directly onto the surface of a light-sensitive material and exposing it to light

92
Q

Parallax

A

shift in position of an object when viewed from different angles

93
Q

Sabbatier Effect

A

partially reversed in tone due to overexposure during the development process

94
Q

Stop down

A

reducing the size of the aperture in a camera lens

95
Q

Neutral density filter

A

reduces the amount of light entering the lens without affecting the color of the image

96
Q

Polarizing filter

A

educes reflections and glare

97
Q

Soft light

A

gentle shadows and reducing contrast

98
Q

Silver halide

A

light-sensitive crystals

99
Q

safelight

A

specialized light source used in darkroom photography that emits light in a specific wavelength

100
Q

gray card

A

neutral gray reference tool

Photography (14 decks)

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