Midterm

Question 1

Music is for moral character of young people

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

Music of highest moral character
base of morality

Answer 2

Boethius of Rome

Question 3

Those learn music more civilized and grew into harmonic balance between themselves and the world.
Education in music is sovereign and feeds soul self control

Answer 3

Plato

Question 4

Joy and beauty of paradise

Answer 4

Hildegard von Bingen

Question 5

Working musician drawn to possibilities of making music a regular thing everywhere
Father of music ed in schools

Answer 5

Lowell Mason

Question 6

Aesthetic education. Primary aim is for youth to grow through program in grasping the beautiful and depth of feeling experienced in life that can also be in music

Answer 6

Bennett Reimer

Question 7

Established “musicing” to refer to musical performance
Concerned with process of music makers themselves
Centers on importance of doing, product and context as diverse practice

Answer 7

David Elliot

Question 8

Types of learning in Scholar Cantorum

Answer 8

Pope Gregory
Gregorian chant

Solfège/Guidonian hand/neumes
Symbolic notation/solmization
developed to communicate to young children
Oral by cantor, imitated back
Formal, verbal/gestural

Question 9

Types of learning in Japanese gagaku

Answer 9

7th century- elegant refine music for royalty
Instruments/drums/zithers
“Teacher” decided when they could perform with guild

Formal, symbolic notation/solmization (only outside of lessons), some vocalization
(observe and likely no questions)

Question 10

Types of learning in West Africa

Answer 10

Enculturation, verbal, gestural, vocalization, informed listening
Part of their everyday lives
Story, riddle songs dance games
Drumming ensembles
Mentorship for talent (male)

Question 11

Types of learning in Ireland

Answer 11

enculturation, verbal, gestural, vocalization,

Listening to elders
Penny whistles

Question 12

Types of learning in Native American culture

Answer 12

Enculturation, vocalization, verbal gestural

Part of identity, rituals/customs, moral lessons, history

Question 13

Types of learning in jazz

Answer 13

Formal and informal
symbolic notation, vocalization, verbal and gestural

Question 14

What are the developmental stages according to Jean

Answer 14

Sensorimotor (0-2). Motor activity/direct sensory experience
Pre-operational (2-7). Actual events/manipulation of objects and observing consequences. Stimuli to symbols
Concrete operations (7-11). Classifying objects systemically and discovered relationships amongst them. Two different shaped glasses holding same amount of water. Same melody in major vs minor
Formal operations (11+). Abstractly. Logic/deductive reasoning

Question 15

Jerome Bruners educational theory

Answer 15

Importance of mental structure and it’s transfer to other situations and concepts
Less and less guidance through learning

Question 16

Lev Vygotsky educational theory

Answer 16

Adult brings child to valued intellectual concepts
Participates in child’s discovery and manipulation of it
Verbal comments or facial expressions to reinforce or guide to appropriate learning behaviors
Pair experienced with non experienced

Question 17

B.F. Skinner

Answer 17

Positive reinforcement is core of behavior change
Stimulus, response, stimulus to reinforce response

Teacher- again!
Student- plays
Teacher- good!

Question 18

Howard Gardner educational theory

Answer 18

Multiple intelligences/learning styles
Linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal

Maybe also natural and spiritual

Question 19

Why is it important for music educators to be aware of stages of development and different learning theories

Answer 19

Impacts our lesson planning and it’s effectiveness

Question 20

Dalcroze methodologies

Answer 20

Eurhythmics, movement , literacy.
Switzerland

Question 21

Kodaly methodologies

Answer 21

Movement, sound to symbol, hand signs
Hungary

Question 22

Orff methodologies

Answer 22

Body percussion, movement, improv, literacy.
Germany

Question 23

Four stages of orff

Answer 23

Four stages: imitation, exploration, literacy and improv

Question 24

Solmization

Answer 24

Solfège- syllable for scale degress

Question 25

What skills do you currently have important to being successful choir director? Why? One area that needs more preparation

Answer 25

Good communication skills, excitement, musical skills, dedication, respect for students, understanding (general and musical)

Not confident in piano

I don’t know what to do for those who can’t read sheet music? Follow shapes and patterns? Solfège?