Midterm Flashcards
Music is for moral character of young people
Aristotle
Music of highest moral character
base of morality
Boethius of Rome
Those learn music more civilized and grew into harmonic balance between themselves and the world.
Education in music is sovereign and feeds soul self control
Plato
Joy and beauty of paradise
Hildegard von Bingen
Working musician drawn to possibilities of making music a regular thing everywhere
Father of music ed in schools
Lowell Mason
Aesthetic education. Primary aim is for youth to grow through program in grasping the beautiful and depth of feeling experienced in life that can also be in music
Bennett Reimer
Established “musicing” to refer to musical performance
Concerned with process of music makers themselves
Centers on importance of doing, product and context as diverse practice
David Elliot
Types of learning in Scholar Cantorum
Pope Gregory
Gregorian chant
Solfège/Guidonian hand/neumes
Symbolic notation/solmization
developed to communicate to young children
Oral by cantor, imitated back
Formal, verbal/gestural
Types of learning in Japanese gagaku
7th century- elegant refine music for royalty
Instruments/drums/zithers
“Teacher” decided when they could perform with guild
Formal, symbolic notation/solmization (only outside of lessons), some vocalization
(observe and likely no questions)
Types of learning in West Africa
Enculturation, verbal, gestural, vocalization, informed listening
Part of their everyday lives
Story, riddle songs dance games
Drumming ensembles
Mentorship for talent (male)
Types of learning in Ireland
enculturation, verbal, gestural, vocalization,
Listening to elders
Penny whistles
Types of learning in Native American culture
Enculturation, vocalization, verbal gestural
Part of identity, rituals/customs, moral lessons, history
Types of learning in jazz
Formal and informal
symbolic notation, vocalization, verbal and gestural
What are the developmental stages according to Jean
Sensorimotor (0-2). Motor activity/direct sensory experience
Pre-operational (2-7). Actual events/manipulation of objects and observing consequences. Stimuli to symbols
Concrete operations (7-11). Classifying objects systemically and discovered relationships amongst them. Two different shaped glasses holding same amount of water. Same melody in major vs minor
Formal operations (11+). Abstractly. Logic/deductive reasoning
Jerome Bruners educational theory
Importance of mental structure and it’s transfer to other situations and concepts
Less and less guidance through learning
Lev Vygotsky educational theory
Adult brings child to valued intellectual concepts
Participates in child’s discovery and manipulation of it
Verbal comments or facial expressions to reinforce or guide to appropriate learning behaviors
Pair experienced with non experienced
B.F. Skinner
Positive reinforcement is core of behavior change
Stimulus, response, stimulus to reinforce response
Teacher- again!
Student- plays
Teacher- good!
Howard Gardner educational theory
Multiple intelligences/learning styles
Linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal
Maybe also natural and spiritual
Why is it important for music educators to be aware of stages of development and different learning theories
Impacts our lesson planning and it’s effectiveness
Dalcroze methodologies
Eurhythmics, movement , literacy.
Switzerland
Kodaly methodologies
Movement, sound to symbol, hand signs
Hungary
Orff methodologies
Body percussion, movement, improv, literacy.
Germany
Four stages of orff
Four stages: imitation, exploration, literacy and improv
Solmization
Solfège- syllable for scale degress
What skills do you currently have important to being successful choir director? Why? One area that needs more preparation
Good communication skills, excitement, musical skills, dedication, respect for students, understanding (general and musical)
Not confident in piano
I don’t know what to do for those who can’t read sheet music? Follow shapes and patterns? Solfège?
