Midterm Flashcards
what is language?
A socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule governed combinations of these symbols.
Which of the following phrases has appropriate syntax or word order?
.I hungrily cookie your ate. No
I am eat cookie. Yes( parts are missing -ing, the words are in correct order)
.Fortunately, in the garage. Yes (missing noun and verb phrases, but in correct order)
.May I sew you to a sheet? Yes (words dont make sense but in correct order)
Pragmatics
refers to the rules of word and phrase use.
The dynamic neuromuscular process of planning, programming, and executing movements required for communication is
speech
What is voice?
Respiration + Phonation + Resonance
Fluency
is the rate and flow of speech
Articulation
is the motor movements of the mouth used to produce speech sounds
Semantics
rules that govern the meaning or content of words and word combinations-word meaning.
The structure of language can be broken down into the smallest grammatical units of meaning. These are called
morphemes.
Phonology
is the study of how sounds are put together to create meaning in words.
Pragmatics
rules related to language use within the communicative context
Communicative competence
supported by changes in intonation, stress, speech and pausing in speech to either add or change the meaning of what is said. Think about the phrase “You’re wearing that dress.” You might emphasize “That” to signal a reference to a choice of dress options.
Metalinguistics
ability to talk about language, analyze it, think about it, judge it, and see it as an entity separate from the content.
temporal lobe, conveniently located around your ear, is responsible for
perceiving, recognizing and synthesizing auditory input.
Wernicke’s Area
monitors verbal output in order to make adjustments
Broca’s Area
plans & programs motor movements for speech
Which region of the brain is responsible for initiating motor movement?
Primary motor cortex
Where do the cranial nerves meet the CNS?
Medulla oblongata
Which houses the center for visual processing?
Occipital lobe
What are the biological and communication functions of the larynx?
Protecting the airway
Social-Emotional Development is
an area of development that includes a person’s ability to think about themselves separately from others, demonstrate autonomy, and create relationships.
Attachment
This particular child, like many with attachment disorders, loved to smile, play, hug, and engage with anyone and everyone. While this seems nice on the outside, it really indicated a lack of understanding of any particular human being as more important, and more bonded, than any other human being.
Initiative
When attempting to teach some communication skills to a young child, a therapist often has to wait for a child to demonstrate intention (by throwing a cup, reaching for a toy) in order to shape that behavior into something symbolic.
Self-Control
This is the child who, during the freeze dance, hears “freeze” and keeps dancing while all of the children are still as statues.
Communication Development is
an area of development including a person’s ability to use speech and language to express and understand ideas.
Sensorimotor (0-2 years old): Learning is reactionary and experiential.
children experience the world around them is by feeling it and reacting reflexively to it. When you see a six-month-old grab everything that is around them and put it in their mouths, Piaget considered learning. As they feel more, and gain the ability to remember and compare it, they learn more.
Preoperational (2-7 years old): Learning is categorizing and developing symbols.
when children are enjoying their first years of school, they are being active and intentional participants in their environment, developing concepts and abstract symbols needed for language.
Concrete Operational (7-11 years): Learning is self-directed and deliberate.
logic begins to be more reliable.
Formal Operational (11 years-adult): Learning is a mental puzzle.
children, young adults, and adults develop the ability to think abstractly about the world - comparing ideas not just physically but using their metacognitive skills in order to critically analyze ideas.
Solitary Play
children start interacting with objects independently, even with other people present.
Parallel Play
a child interacts with objects next to other people, imitating the actions of that person. This skill emerges when a child is two years old.
Cooperative Play
a child Interacts with materials with another person with a common goal.
Constructive Play
Putting small pieces together to create a whole thing.
Manipulative Play
Using two different objects together (puzzles, utensils, stringing beads).
Exploratory Play
Putting your hands in something to see what it does and how it makes you feel.
Symbolic Play
Using an object in a way it was not intended -like a block for a car or a banana for a phone. This 12-month skill is one you should always be looking for
Imaginary Play
Pretending. It can be as simple as pretending to sweep the floor
Functional Play
Using an object for its intended purpose (often a precursor to symbolic play).
What did Jean Piaget say about a childs capacity for learning languages?
They have to be active language testers
Which theory gives a neuorlogically based explanation of language learning?
Emergentism
Which theory discusses the deep structure of universal grammar?
Generative/naturalist/nativist theory
Which theory describes language learning as primarily a function of the environment?
Sociolinguistic
