Midterm Flashcards
What is intoxication?
Behavioural and physical symptoms from substance use.
What is craving?
Desire to use substance. A symptom associated with substance use disorder.
What is tolerance?
Increasing need in the amount of substance to achieve its reward.
What is withdrawal?
Syndrome of symptoms that occur with sudden cessation of drug use.
What is habituation?
Very short term, neurons receive a repetitive stimulus and chemically inhibit their own receptors to restrict stimulus short term.
You learn to ignore the stimulus or modify your behaviour short term. It is meant to allow primal suffering like hunger pains or sleep in loud places
What is adaptation?
Eventually through habituation neurons will permanently restrict enough receptors to permit functioning in presence of stimulus.
Stimulus has to increase to be effective.
CAGE questionnaire
Alcohol consumption
C- cut down on drinking
A- have people annoyed you by criticizing drinking
G- have you ever felt guilty about your drinking
E- have you ever had a drink in the am to calm your nerves or cure hangover ( eye opener )
Biological reward
Dopamine release, drugs increase dopamine in the pleasure area of the brain giving the brain extra dopamine which produces a positive reward for drug use.
Social effect
Peer pressure, self medication, grief, anxiety, social isolation, etc.
Substance induced disorders
Temporary and reversible. Cause by intoxication and immediate effects of cessation (withdrawals)
Effects the can causing physiological, psychological and behavioural effects
Substance use disorders
Form continued, frequent use of substance.
Behavioural disorders
That produce a reward response, gambling addiction, food addiction, sex addiction.
Potential signs of substance use
Fatigue, headache, sexual dysfunction, appearing older than age ,unexplained skin changes and life issues
Self stigma
Internalized negative messages, low self esteem shame
Societal stigma
Negative labels and judgement, discrimination
Structural stigma
Policies that increase stigma healthcare stigma, healthcare challenges, workplace challenges
Harm reduction
Reduces harms associated with substance use across the continuum of use
Ex. Safe injection sites, mobile sites, clean needles, sharps, safe injection kits
Prescription dependence vs addiction
Dependence: ordinary biological consequence of taking certain meds for weeks to years, not abusing your body is just use to it
Addiction: continued drug use in the face of negative consequences, involves cravings, lack of control and overuse despite it being harmful
Health care warning signs of misuse / addiction
Nightshift, extreme fatigue, unreliability, charting errors
What’s an opioid?
CNS depressant, medically is used as a analgesic
Derived from the opium poppy.
Phases of opioid addiction.
Phase 1- euphoria. Rush occurs almost immediately. May see facial flushing and deepening of voice.
Phase 2- sense of extreme well being. Endorphin reaction occurring.
Phase 3- lethargy to unconsciousness
Phase 4- once opioid is metabolized, user seeks additional drugs to avoid painful withdrawal.
What is opioid intoxication?
Constricted pupils, euphoria, slurred speech, psychomotor retardation, drowsiness, decreased RR, bp.
Long term use of opiods
Liver damage - jaundice, fatigue, ascities, abdominal discomfort
Damaged veins
Reduced appetite causes malnutrition
Risk for death from RESPIRATORY ARREST, hypoventilation, apnea
Social consequences,poor self management
Can opioids induce constipation?
Yes, can cause peristalsis. Ensure bowel health, using laxative and stool softeners
High risk for bowel obstructions and fissures