Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Challenge and Change > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Adolescence

A

The phase of life between childhood and adulthood, from ages 18 to 21.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Egocentrism

A

excessive interest in oneself and concern for one’s own welfare or advantage at the expense of or in disregard of others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Imaginary Audience

A

A psychological state where an individual imagines and believes that multitudes of people are listening to or watching them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Personal Fable

A

A belief held by many adolescents telling them that they are special and unique, so much so that none of life’s difficulties or problems will affect them regardless of their behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Census

A

An official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fledgling Adults

A

Reason for them
not having developed the attributes necessary for independent living, or is not able to maintain these attributes at a level necessary for continued independence from the parental home.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nuclear family

A

A group of people who are united by ties of partnership and parenthood and consisting of a pair of adults and their socially recognized children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extended Family

A

A family that includes parents and children and other relatives (as grandparents, aunts, or uncles) in the same household.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Demography

A

The statistical study of human populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blended family

A

forms when you and your partner make a life together with the children from one or both of your previous relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Same-sex Family

A

A romantic or sexual relationship between people of the same sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cohabitation

A

A couple that lives together in an intimate and committed relationship, who are not married to each other and not in a civil partnership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Helicopter Parents

A

Excessive levels of involvement and control by parents in their children’s lives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tweens

A

Kids between 8 and 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conformity

A

The tendency for an individual to align their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of the people around them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Out-Group

A

Anyone who does not belong to your group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In-Group

A

A group of people who identify with each other based on a variety of factors including gender, race, religion, or geography.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Social Change

A

Changes in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social institutions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Discrepancy between an attitude and a behavior – eating a doughnut while thinking of reducing calorie intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cognitive Consistency

A

The concept that individuals have a preference for their thoughts, beliefs, knowledges, opinions, attitudes, and intents to be congruent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Primary Sources

A

The evidence of history, original records or objects created by participants or observers at the time historical events occurred or even well after events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Surveys

A

A method of gathering information using relevant questions from a sample of people with the aim of understanding populations as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Interviews

A

Spoken conversation between two or more parties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Secondary Sources

A

Interprets and analyzes primary sources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Content Analysis
A research tool used to determine the presence of certain words, themes, or concepts within some given qualitative data
26
Participant Observation
A research methodology where the researcher is immersed in the day-to-day activities of the participants.
27
Quantitative Methods
Experiments, observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions
28
Qualitative Methods
Interviews, focus groups, and observation
29
Experiments
A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
30
Observations
An act or an instance of observing a custom, rule, or law
31
Secondary Analysis
The use of existing research data to find answer to a question that was different from the original work
32
Paradigm Shift
A major change in the worldview, concepts, and practices of how something works or is accomplished
33
Culture
All the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation
34
Society
The mess of people living together in a more or less ordered community
35
Experimental Group
The group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested.
36
Values
Individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another.
37
Norms
Rule or standard of behaviour shared by members of a social group.
38
Independent Variable
Something that is independent and stays the same
39
Dependent Variable
Something that is dependant on by another
40
Control Group
Used to establish causality by isolating the effect of an independent variable
41
Macrosociology
The branch of sociology concerned with the study of human societies on a wide scale.
42
Microsociology
A subset of sociology that deals with people and their daily societal interactions, including those in small groups.
43
Dain Fossey
Believed that in order to study gorillas effectively she had to immerse herself with them in an effort to get them to accept her presence
44
Jane Goodalll
Studied chimpanzees and also loved with them for over 45 years off and on in the wild
45
Mary & Louis Leak
Are known for their many discoveries relating to human evolution
46
Franz Boas
Challenging the idea of racial differences
47
4 Branches of anthropology
Physical anthropology(how people interact) Cultural anthropology Archaeology (bones) Linguistic Anthropology (language)
47
Structural Functionalism
Each society should provide its members with the fundamental requirements for functioning
48
Feminism – Liberal, Radical, Marxist,Socialist (Soc)
Focus on sex and gender issues, believing that women have traditionally been disadvantaged in society and men have had more advantages
49
Cultural Materialism (Anthro)
The different types of technology and economic determine or help to shape the type of society that develops
50
Types of Psychology- Experimental
The branch that sets up experiments to see how individuals act in particular situations
51
Types of Psychology- Clinical
The branch that develops programs for treating individuals suffering from mental illnesses and behavioral disorders
52
Types of Psychology- Psychoanalytic
The mind is divided into two parts: the conscious and the unconscious
53
Types of Psychology- Learning
Feel that Humans are born with a little instinct but much learning potential
54
Sigmund Freud Theory
Id -A person's desires, it’s so strong at times that it ignores all rationality -Part of the unconscious mind Ego - The rational one that is the opposite of the ID - Part of the conscious mind Superego -Balances between the ID and Ego- Floats between conscious and subconscious mind
55
B.F. Skinner & Operant Conditioning (Psych)
Skinner proved that pigeons could be trained to peck at a particular coloured disk to get food rewards
56
Ivan Pavlov & Classical Conditioning (Psych)
Experiments with dogs showed that is was possible to get a dog to associate the sound of a bell with the imminent arrival of food
57
Albert Bandura and the Bobo Doll Experiment (Psych) )
Modeling experience is largely a modeling experience or leaving through social interaction
58
Theories of Change –Cyclical Theory
Societies and civilisations change according to cycles of rise, decline and fall just as individual persons are born, mature, old age, and death.
59
Theories of Change –Challenge & Response Theory
Explains why and how civilizations throughout history have grown and vanished
60
Theories of Change –Functionalist Theory
Looks at how each part of society contributes to the overall stability in the face of so many competing groups and messages
61
Theories of Change –Conflict Theory
Opposing powers or groups are in conflict until the more dominant one overpowers the rest
62
Factors that Influence Change –Physical environment
Climate, weather, vegetation, animal populations and humans all affect the physical environment
63
Factors that Influence Change –Proximity
How close another cultural group is to a society can cause it to change
64
Factors that Influence Change –Population
Changes in population due to immigration and emigration affect society
65
Factors that Influence Change –Social environment
Collectivist and individualistic; singular, pluralistic and inclusiveness
66
Factors that Influence Change –Leadership
The emergence of a leader with charisma is an important component of social change
67
Factors that Influence Change –Modernizing elites
Groups of people who create significant social change and influence the direction in which it goes
68
Process of Inquiry/ Inquiry Model – 7 stages
1.Develop a research question 2.Conduct initial research 3.Form a hypothesis 4.Collect data 5.Analyze the data 6.Draw a conclusion 7.Communicate your findings
69
Cognitive Dissonance Experiment
Happens when you hold two conflicting thoughts in your mind at the same time
70
Views of Adolescence-Margaret Mead
Argued that the storm and stress of teenage years are not inevitable
71
Views of Adolescence-Jean Piaget
Argued that teenager are simply figuring things out and challenging ideas with which they do not agree
72
Views of Adolescence-Talcott Parsons
Adolescence was a necessary period of transition where the child breaks fee of the parent-child relationship
73
Stanley Hall & Storm and Stress
Came up with the concept of “storm and stress” to describe adolescent behaviour Suggested that adolescent behaviour is marked by there hey aspects: conflict with parent, mood disruptions, and risky behavior.
74
David Elkind & Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism
Teenagers believe they are the center of everybody's focus
75
Demographics – how they are used by social scientists
An accurate portrait of the population can reveal a great deal about social values and how those values lead to change among various groups within society
76
The Times Article - Teens and Depression
Teens who struggle with depression don’t understand why they feel the way they do and they don’t know how to ask for help so sometime they find their own ways to cop and most of the time they aren’t good strategies
77
Fledgling Adults, delayed transitions & challenges
The group of young adults, between 20 and 29, who, for carious social,, economic, and/or emotional reasons, do not leave the parental home and transition into adulthood by achieving complete autonomy from their parents
78
Leon Festinger & Social Comparison Theory –Downward comparison
Occurs when an individual compares himself or herself to someone who us worse off
79
Leon Festinger & Social Comparison Theory –upward comparison
Occurs when an individual compares himself or herself to someone whos is better off
80
Leon Festinger & Social Comparison Theory – Competitive emulation
Keeping pace with others, typically neighbours and coworker, in material goods and lifestyle
81
Sherif’s Robbers Cave Experiment
Putting 2 groups of boys together letting each group get to know each other then introducing them to the other group to see the conflict that would occur
82
Emile Durkheim and 3 types of suicide
Altruistic, egoistic, anomic
83
Generations - review the assignment/ know the different groups
-The Greatest Generation -The Silent generations -Boomers -Generation X -Milenials -Gen z -Gen Alpha
84
Round Tables
Fairy Tale Toxic Masculinity Cancel Culture Mental Health Overprotected Child Coddling of the American Mind

Challenge and Change (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions