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Challenge and Change > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Adolescence

A

The phase of life between childhood and adulthood, from ages 18 to 21.

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2
Q

Egocentrism

A

excessive interest in oneself and concern for one’s own welfare or advantage at the expense of or in disregard of others.

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3
Q

Imaginary Audience

A

A psychological state where an individual imagines and believes that multitudes of people are listening to or watching them

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4
Q

Personal Fable

A

A belief held by many adolescents telling them that they are special and unique, so much so that none of life’s difficulties or problems will affect them regardless of their behavior.

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5
Q

Census

A

An official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

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6
Q

Fledgling Adults

A

Reason for them
not having developed the attributes necessary for independent living, or is not able to maintain these attributes at a level necessary for continued independence from the parental home.

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7
Q

Nuclear family

A

A group of people who are united by ties of partnership and parenthood and consisting of a pair of adults and their socially recognized children.

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8
Q

Extended Family

A

A family that includes parents and children and other relatives (as grandparents, aunts, or uncles) in the same household.

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9
Q

Demography

A

The statistical study of human populations

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10
Q

Blended family

A

forms when you and your partner make a life together with the children from one or both of your previous relationships

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11
Q

Same-sex Family

A

A romantic or sexual relationship between people of the same sex

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12
Q

Cohabitation

A

A couple that lives together in an intimate and committed relationship, who are not married to each other and not in a civil partnership

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13
Q

Helicopter Parents

A

Excessive levels of involvement and control by parents in their children’s lives.

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14
Q

Tweens

A

Kids between 8 and 12

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15
Q

Conformity

A

The tendency for an individual to align their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of the people around them.

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16
Q

Out-Group

A

Anyone who does not belong to your group.

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17
Q

In-Group

A

A group of people who identify with each other based on a variety of factors including gender, race, religion, or geography.

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18
Q

Social Change

A

Changes in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social institutions.

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19
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Discrepancy between an attitude and a behavior – eating a doughnut while thinking of reducing calorie intake

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20
Q

Cognitive Consistency

A

The concept that individuals have a preference for their thoughts, beliefs, knowledges, opinions, attitudes, and intents to be congruent

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21
Q

Primary Sources

A

The evidence of history, original records or objects created by participants or observers at the time historical events occurred or even well after events

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22
Q

Surveys

A

A method of gathering information using relevant questions from a sample of people with the aim of understanding populations as a whole

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23
Q

Interviews

A

Spoken conversation between two or more parties.

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24
Q

Secondary Sources

A

Interprets and analyzes primary sources.

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25
Q

Content Analysis

A

A research tool used to determine the presence of certain words, themes, or concepts within some given qualitative data

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26
Q

Participant Observation

A

A research methodology where the researcher is immersed in the day-to-day activities of the participants.

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27
Q

Quantitative Methods

A

Experiments, observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions

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28
Q

Qualitative Methods

A

Interviews, focus groups, and observation

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29
Q

Experiments

A

A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

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30
Q

Observations

A

An act or an instance of observing a custom, rule, or law

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31
Q

Secondary Analysis

A

The use of existing research data to find answer to a question that was different from the original work

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32
Q

Paradigm Shift

A

A major change in the worldview, concepts, and practices of how something works or is accomplished

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33
Q

Culture

A

All the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation

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34
Q

Society

A

The mess of people living together in a more or less ordered community

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35
Q

Experimental Group

A

The group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested.

36
Q

Values

A

Individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another.

37
Q

Norms

A

Rule or standard of behaviour shared by members of a social group.

38
Q

Independent Variable

A

Something that is independent and stays the same

39
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Something that is dependant on by another

40
Q

Control Group

A

Used to establish causality by isolating the effect of an independent variable

41
Q

Macrosociology

A

The branch of sociology concerned with the study of human societies on a wide scale.

42
Q

Microsociology

A

A subset of sociology that deals with people and their daily societal interactions, including those in small groups.

43
Q

Dain Fossey

A

Believed that in order to study gorillas effectively she had to immerse herself with them in an effort to get them to accept her presence

44
Q

Jane Goodalll

A

Studied chimpanzees and also loved with them for over 45 years off and on in the wild

45
Q

Mary & Louis Leak

A

Are known for their many discoveries relating to human evolution

46
Q

Franz Boas

A

Challenging the idea of racial differences

47
Q

4 Branches of anthropology

A

Physical anthropology(how people interact)
Cultural anthropology
Archaeology (bones)
Linguistic Anthropology (language)

47
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Each society should provide its members with the fundamental requirements for functioning

48
Q

Feminism – Liberal, Radical, Marxist,Socialist (Soc)

A

Focus on sex and gender issues, believing that women have traditionally been disadvantaged in society and men have had more advantages

49
Q

Cultural Materialism (Anthro)

A

The different types of technology and economic determine or help to shape the type of society that develops

50
Q

Types of Psychology- Experimental

A

The branch that sets up experiments to see how individuals act in particular situations

51
Q

Types of Psychology- Clinical

A

The branch that develops programs for treating individuals suffering from mental illnesses and behavioral disorders

52
Q

Types of Psychology- Psychoanalytic

A

The mind is divided into two parts: the conscious and the unconscious

53
Q

Types of Psychology- Learning

A

Feel that Humans are born with a little instinct but much learning potential

54
Q

Sigmund Freud Theory

A

Id -A person’s desires, it’s so strong at times that it ignores all rationality -Part of the unconscious mind
Ego - The rational one that is the opposite of the ID - Part of the conscious mind
Superego -Balances between the ID and Ego- Floats between conscious and subconscious mind

55
Q

B.F. Skinner & Operant Conditioning (Psych)

A

Skinner proved that pigeons could be trained to peck at a particular coloured disk to get food rewards

56
Q

Ivan Pavlov & Classical Conditioning (Psych)

A

Experiments with dogs showed that is was possible to get a dog to associate the sound of a bell with the imminent arrival of food

57
Q

Albert Bandura and the Bobo Doll Experiment (Psych) )

A

Modeling experience is largely a modeling experience or leaving through social interaction

58
Q

Theories of Change –Cyclical Theory

A

Societies and civilisations change according to cycles of rise, decline and fall just as individual persons are born, mature, old age, and death.

59
Q

Theories of Change –Challenge & Response Theory

A

Explains why and how civilizations throughout history have grown and vanished

60
Q

Theories of Change –Functionalist Theory

A

Looks at how each part of society contributes to the overall stability in the face of so many competing groups and messages

61
Q

Theories of Change –Conflict Theory

A

Opposing powers or groups are in conflict until the more dominant one overpowers the rest

62
Q

Factors that Influence Change –Physical environment

A

Climate, weather, vegetation, animal populations and humans all affect the physical environment

63
Q

Factors that Influence Change –Proximity

A

How close another cultural group is to a society can cause it to change

64
Q

Factors that Influence Change –Population

A

Changes in population due to immigration and emigration affect society

65
Q

Factors that Influence Change –Social environment

A

Collectivist and individualistic; singular, pluralistic and inclusiveness

66
Q

Factors that Influence Change –Leadership

A

The emergence of a leader with charisma is an important component of social change

67
Q

Factors that Influence Change –Modernizing elites

A

Groups of people who create significant social change and influence the direction in which it goes

68
Q

Process of Inquiry/ Inquiry Model – 7 stages

A

1.Develop a research question
2.Conduct initial research
3.Form a hypothesis
4.Collect data
5.Analyze the data
6.Draw a conclusion
7.Communicate your findings

69
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Experiment

A

Happens when you hold two conflicting thoughts in your mind at the same time

70
Q

Views of Adolescence-Margaret Mead

A

Argued that the storm and stress of teenage years are not inevitable

71
Q

Views of Adolescence-Jean Piaget

A

Argued that teenager are simply figuring things out and challenging ideas with which they do not agree

72
Q

Views of Adolescence-Talcott Parsons

A

Adolescence was a necessary period of transition where the child breaks fee of the parent-child relationship

73
Q

Stanley Hall & Storm and Stress

A

Came up with the concept of “storm and stress” to describe adolescent behaviour
Suggested that adolescent behaviour is marked by there hey aspects: conflict with parent, mood disruptions, and risky behavior.

74
Q

David Elkind & Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism

A

Teenagers believe they are the center of everybody’s focus

75
Q

Demographics – how they are used by social scientists

A

An accurate portrait of the population can reveal a great deal about social values and how those values lead to change among various groups within society

76
Q

The Times Article - Teens and Depression

A

Teens who struggle with depression don’t understand why they feel the way they do and they don’t know how to ask for help so sometime they find their own ways to cop and most of the time they aren’t good strategies

77
Q

Fledgling Adults, delayed transitions & challenges

A

The group of young adults, between 20 and 29, who, for carious social,, economic, and/or emotional reasons, do not leave the parental home and transition into adulthood by achieving complete autonomy from their parents

78
Q

Leon Festinger & Social Comparison Theory –Downward comparison

A

Occurs when an individual compares himself or herself to someone who us worse off

79
Q

Leon Festinger & Social Comparison Theory –upward comparison

A

Occurs when an individual compares himself or herself to someone whos is better off

80
Q

Leon Festinger & Social Comparison Theory – Competitive emulation

A

Keeping pace with others, typically neighbours and coworker, in material goods and lifestyle

81
Q

Sherif’s Robbers Cave Experiment

A

Putting 2 groups of boys together letting each group get to know each other then introducing them to the other group to see the conflict that would occur

82
Q

Emile Durkheim and 3 types of suicide

A

Altruistic, egoistic, anomic

83
Q

Generations - review the assignment/ know the different groups

A

-The Greatest Generation
-The Silent generations
-Boomers
-Generation X
-Milenials
-Gen z
-Gen Alpha

84
Q

Round Tables

A

Fairy Tale
Toxic Masculinity
Cancel Culture
Mental Health
Overprotected Child
Coddling of the American Mind

Challenge and Change (2 decks)

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