Midterm

Question 1

One hazard of relying too heavily on intuitions, popular idioms, or “common sense” to predict human behavior is that?

Answer 1

“common sense” is only accurate sometimes and is frequently wrong or oversimplified

Question 2

Relative to experimental studies, the primary disadvantage of correlation studies is that

Answer 2

cause and effect cannot be determined with them

Question 3

Achieving _________ is typically more of a challenge in a field study than in a laboratory study

Answer 3

high internal validity

Question 4

Research suggests that one problem concerning self-assessment is that people tend to

Answer 4

overestimate their own skills, prospects for success, and opinion accuracy

Question 5

Wendy wants to study how easily people make friends. She assigns people to talk with a stranger

Answer 5

Wendy did not use random assignment

Question 6

In an experiment, the independent variable is _______ while the dependent variable is

Answer 6

manipulated; measure

Question 7

To examine the impact of mood on prosocial behaviour, Leila had participantswatch a video intended to put them in either a positive or neutral mood before asking them to make a donation to a fictitious charity. operational dependent variable in this study is

Answer 7

donation to charity

Question 8

Which of the following indicates the strongest meaningful correlation between two variables

Answer 8

Fi 0.8

Question 9

Bernie considers intelligence to be an important part of his self-concept, and he feels that he is

Answer 9

schematic with respect to intelligence

Question 10

Prior to the championship basketball game, Jocelyn reminds everyone that she really isn’t as good a player as everyone thinks, that their opponent has had an undefeated season, and that it is unlikely she and her teammates will triumph. Jocelyn is engaging in

Answer 10

Sandbagging

Question 11

According to self-perception theory, when people are uncertain about their thoughts or feelings regarding an activity, they wil

Answer 11

infer their thoughts and feelings regarding that activity from their behaviour

Question 12

Rebecca fills out a survey in which she asserts complete agreement with the statement, “I enjoy being unique and different from others.” With which cultural orientation does she most likely identify

Answer 12

Individualism

Question 13

Social psychology differs from history and philosophy in its

Answer 13

attention to the scientific method

Question 14

Motivation that is driven by rewards and punishments is called

Answer 14

extrinsic motivation

Question 15

Bill’s belief that all African Americans are good at sports exemplifies __________. Bill’s refusal to hire African Americans exemplifies ____________

Answer 15

Stereotyping discrimination

Question 16

Research on stereotype threat indicates that

Answer 16

one does not have to personally believe the stereotype for it to negatively impact performance

Question 17

When we are eager to seek information that verifies our beliefs but less inclined to seek evidence that might disprove our beliefs, _______ has occurred

Answer 17

confirmation bias

Question 18

Carlos is nervous about giving a class presentation because he doesn’t think he can communicate very well with everyone watching him. If Carlos attempts to deal with his anxiety

Answer 18

stay out all night partying the night before the presentation

Question 19

The tendency to perceive members of an outgroup as less variable, or more similar to one another, than members of the ingroup is called the

Answer 19

outgroup homogeneity effect

Question 20

In research on New Zealand national identity, Sibley and colleagues (Sibley &Liu, 2007; Harding et al., 2011; Sibley & Barlow, 2009) find that European New Zealanders tend to:

Answer 20

implicitly and explicitly associate both European New Zealanders and Maori as defining of the national identity, while implicitly and explicitly perceiving Asian New Zealanders born and raised in New Zealand as more ‘foreign’

Question 21

People’s spontaneous self-descriptions are most likely to include

Answer 21

characteristics that set them apart from others in the immediate vicinity

Question 22

Counterfactual thinking is more likely when:

Answer 22

We can easily picture an alternative outcome.

Question 23

A fellow student is consistently late for class. You assume this is because he is lazy and unorganised. What type of attribution are you making for his behaviour?

Answer 23

Personal

Question 24

After reading a newspaper article about teenagers who illegally download music from the Internet, you conclude that those who engage in such behaviour are morally bankrupt. It never occurs to you that the reason teenagers download music from the Internet is because they are not able to afford the price of a compact disk, or the temptation to download, coupled with the peer pressure to do so, is often great. Your thinking on this matter can be characterised by the

Answer 24

fundamental attribution error