Midterm Flashcards
One hazard of relying too heavily on intuitions, popular idioms, or “common sense” to predict human behavior is that?
“common sense” is only accurate sometimes and is frequently wrong or oversimplified
Relative to experimental studies, the primary disadvantage of correlation studies is that
cause and effect cannot be determined with them
Achieving _________ is typically more of a challenge in a field study than in a laboratory study
high internal validity
Research suggests that one problem concerning self-assessment is that people tend to
overestimate their own skills, prospects for success, and opinion accuracy
Wendy wants to study how easily people make friends. She assigns people to talk with a stranger
Wendy did not use random assignment
In an experiment, the independent variable is _______ while the dependent variable is
manipulated; measure
To examine the impact of mood on prosocial behaviour, Leila had participantswatch a video intended to put them in either a positive or neutral mood before asking them to make a donation to a fictitious charity. operational dependent variable in this study is
donation to charity
Which of the following indicates the strongest meaningful correlation between two variables
Fi 0.8
Bernie considers intelligence to be an important part of his self-concept, and he feels that he is
schematic with respect to intelligence
Prior to the championship basketball game, Jocelyn reminds everyone that she really isn’t as good a player as everyone thinks, that their opponent has had an undefeated season, and that it is unlikely she and her teammates will triumph. Jocelyn is engaging in
Sandbagging
According to self-perception theory, when people are uncertain about their thoughts or feelings regarding an activity, they wil
infer their thoughts and feelings regarding that activity from their behaviour
Rebecca fills out a survey in which she asserts complete agreement with the statement, “I enjoy being unique and different from others.” With which cultural orientation does she most likely identify
Individualism
Social psychology differs from history and philosophy in its
attention to the scientific method
Motivation that is driven by rewards and punishments is called
extrinsic motivation
Bill’s belief that all African Americans are good at sports exemplifies __________. Bill’s refusal to hire African Americans exemplifies ____________
Stereotyping discrimination
Research on stereotype threat indicates that
one does not have to personally believe the stereotype for it to negatively impact performance
When we are eager to seek information that verifies our beliefs but less inclined to seek evidence that might disprove our beliefs, _______ has occurred
confirmation bias
Carlos is nervous about giving a class presentation because he doesn’t think he can communicate very well with everyone watching him. If Carlos attempts to deal with his anxiety
stay out all night partying the night before the presentation
The tendency to perceive members of an outgroup as less variable, or more similar to one another, than members of the ingroup is called the
outgroup homogeneity effect
In research on New Zealand national identity, Sibley and colleagues (Sibley &Liu, 2007; Harding et al., 2011; Sibley & Barlow, 2009) find that European New Zealanders tend to:
implicitly and explicitly associate both European New Zealanders and Maori as defining of the national identity, while implicitly and explicitly perceiving Asian New Zealanders born and raised in New Zealand as more ‘foreign’
People’s spontaneous self-descriptions are most likely to include
characteristics that set them apart from others in the immediate vicinity
Counterfactual thinking is more likely when:
We can easily picture an alternative outcome.
A fellow student is consistently late for class. You assume this is because he is lazy and unorganised. What type of attribution are you making for his behaviour?
Personal
After reading a newspaper article about teenagers who illegally download music from the Internet, you conclude that those who engage in such behaviour are morally bankrupt. It never occurs to you that the reason teenagers download music from the Internet is because they are not able to afford the price of a compact disk, or the temptation to download, coupled with the peer pressure to do so, is often great. Your thinking on this matter can be characterised by the
fundamental attribution error
