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Cellular & Molecular Biology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Light Microscope?

A

Uses a beam of light

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2
Q

Electron Microscope?

A

Uses a beam of electrons

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3
Q

Unified Cell Theory?

A

One or more cells make up all living things
Cells are the basic unit if life
Cells multiply

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4
Q

What are the plant cell components that differ from a eukaryotic cell?

A

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Central Vacuole

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Protects
Provides structure
Gives shape

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6
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

Carries out photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is the function of the central vacuole?

A

Regulates cells concentration of water

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8
Q

What are the 10 eukaryotic cell components?

A

1.Plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus
4.Nuclear envelope
5. Chromatin & Chromosomes
6. Nucleolus
7. Ribosomes
8. Mitochondria
9. Peroxisomes
10. Vesicles & Vacuoles

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9
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Controls passage of organic molecules

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10
Q

Function of cytoplasm?

A

Hold organelles

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11
Q

Functions of the nucleus?

A

Holds DNA
Directs synthesis of ribosomes & proteins

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12
Q

Function of the nuclear envelope?

A

Controls the passage of ions, molecules & RNA

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13
Q

Function of chromatin?

A

Descries material that makes up the chromosomes

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14
Q

Function of the Chromosome?

A

Holds DNA

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15
Q

Function of the Nucleolus?

A

Aggregates the ribosomal RNA with proteinsR

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16
Q

Function of the ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

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17
Q

Function of the Mitochondria?

A

Power house of the cell (duh)

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18
Q

Function of the Peroxisomes

A

Carries out oxidation reactions

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19
Q

Function of the Vesicles & Vacuoles?

A

Storage & transport

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20
Q

How does a protein receptor work?

A

When a molecule binds to it, it acts as a signal & causes the receptor to change confirmation so the signal can be transmitted into the cell

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21
Q

What are intercellular Junctions?

A

In plant cells the plasmodesmata are junctions between cell. In animal cells there are tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.

22
Q

What are Tight junctions?

A

Tightly sealed & holds everything inside it

23
Q

Gap junctions?

A

Junction with a gap in it, does not hold everything like a tight junction

24
Q

Plasmodesmata?

A

Junctions between cells

25
Q

Desmosomes?

A

Act like spot welds between epithelial cells

26
Q

Integral Proteins?

A

Integrate completely into membrane

27
Q

Peripheral Proteins?

A

On membranes exterior & interior

28
Q

Diffusion?

A

Passive process of transport.
Substance moved from a high concentration to a low concentration area until it is equal across a space.

Ex: Spraying perfume into a room full of people

29
Q

Facilitated Diffusion?

A

Materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins

Ex: Glucose transport

30
Q

Osmosis?

A

Movement of water

Ex: Absorption of water

31
Q

Tonicity?

A

An extracellular solution that can change a cells volume by affecting osmosis

32
Q

Osmolarity?

A

Solutions total solute concentration

33
Q

Hypotonic Solution?

A

Lower osmolarity, more solute,

34
Q

Hypertonic Solution?

A

Higher osmolarity, less solute

35
Q

Isotonic Solution?

A

Same osmolarity than the cell

36
Q

Active Transport?

A

Requires cells energy in the form of ATP

37
Q

Endocytosis?

A

Moves cells

38
Q

Phagocytosis?

A

Cell eating

39
Q

Pinocytosis?

A

Cell drinking

40
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

Brings specific substances

41
Q

Exocytosis?

A

Expels materials from cell

42
Q

Metabolism?

A

Cells chemical reactions that transpire inside cells

43
Q

Catabolic pathway?

A

Breakdown of one big part, to smaller parts + energy

44
Q

Anabolic Pathway?

A

Building of smaller parts + energy, to one big part

45
Q

How do you calculate free energy?

A

Gibbs free energy change

46
Q

What do you need to subtract out before you can call it “free energy”

A

Energy in an unusable form like heat

47
Q

Activation Energy?

A

Amount of energy that must be put in for the reaction to begin

48
Q

What lowers activation energy?

A

Enzymes

49
Q

Cofactor?

A

Improves fit

50
Q

Coenzymes?

A

Ensures the reaction occurs

Cellular & Molecular Biology (3 decks)

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