Midterm

Question 1

The Saro

Answer 1

• The descendants of the Sierre Leone project
  -Lived throughout western Africa
• the Christian and English-speaking cultural elite that dominated the capital of Nigeria, Lagos.

Question 2

Sierra Leone

Answer 2

• British man, Henry Smeathman, proposed the idea for Sierre Leone to extend the British Empire into Africa.
• Black British loyalist, Thomas Peters, pioneered the project.
  -launched in 1792

Question 3

Indirect Rule

Answer 3

• Invented by British man, Frederick Lugard.
  -British philosophy to acknowledge the authority of the Black elite.
  -Provided the adherence to English culture as the key method for Africans to advance in society.

Question 4

Isaac Babalola Thomas

Answer 4

• Member of The Saro
• Editor of Akede Eko, a newspaper based in Lagos
• Published Segilola of the Facinating Eyes in Yoruba in 1930.

Question 5

Tippu Tip

Answer 5

• From Zanzibar
• Built a slave trading empire in eastern Africa.
• Warlord who created a new criteria for how political power was measured (guns).

Question 6

The Scramble for Africa

Answer 6

• European countries sought to plant their flags in different parts of the African continent based on natural resources.
• Disputes between leaders over allotments/ borders.

Question 7

Berlin Conference

Answer 7

• Conference to settle the disputes of the Scramble for Africa.
• Held in 1885
• devised borders of European colonies in Africa
• Only one African man was present at the conference, but he was not allowed to speak.

Question 8

Kikuyu Central Association

Answer 8

• Founded in 1924 in Kenya
• created in response to the British implementation of the native reserves system
• created the newspaper titled Mwigithania to serve as a platform for public political discussion and a mouthpiece for their ideas

Question 9

Johnstone (Jomo) Kenyatta

Answer 9

• Member of the Kikuyu Central Association
• Editor of Mwigithania
• First generation Christian convert
• The first President of Kenya

Question 10

Sol Plaatje

Answer 10

• Spoke multiple languages, including SeTswana and English
• Edited two newspapers
• Founding member of the South African Native National Congress
• Wrote Native Life in South Africa and Mhudi

Question 11

Jan van Riebeek

Answer 11

• “Discovers” South Africa in 1652
• Set up a refreshment station in what is now Cape Town

Question 12

Great Trek

Answer 12

• Migration of the Dutch and enslaved people from the cape to the north of South Africa
• Done in response to Britain outlawing slavery
  -Land they would occupy was densely populated by the Matebele.

Question 13

The Voortrekker Monument

Answer 13

• Large monument that depicts the Dutch narrative of the Great Trekk
• Created as a symbol of the Africaaner manifest destiny
• Represents the Dutch as noble and civilized, and the native people of Africa as wild and dangerous through a wall that depicts the carriages used in the Battle of Blood River.

Question 14

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 14

-British businessman
-Founded the diamond mining company called DeBeers
- Advocate for railroads and proposed the Cape to Cairo Railway project.
- Served as Prime Minister of Cape Colony from 1890-1896.

Question 15

Native Land Act

Answer 15

• Implemented in 1913
• Restricted Black South Africans to 7 percent of the land of the Union of South Africa, or reserves.

Question 16

Pass laws

Answer 16

• Informally implemented in the 1870s to control the movements of Black South Africans
• More extensive pass laws were implemented during the apartheid era to keep Black South Africans out of urban areas out of fear of them unionizing.
• Required Black South Africans to carry a piece of paper with them at all times stating their tribe of origin and the name of their employer

Question 17

DeBeers

Answer 17

• Diamond mining company created near Kimberly
• Founded by Cecil Rhodes
• Implemented mining compounds for its Black laborers, the Shaagans

Question 18

Apartheid

Answer 18

• Means “apart” or separate
• Established in 1948 after the election of the National Party.
• At the heart of apartheid was the notion that South Africa was composed of 4 racial groups

Question 19

Population Registration Act

Answer 19

• Established in the 1950s
• Defined each Black South African as citizens of their respective group area
• This deprived Black South Africans of citizenship of the Union of South Africa

Question 20

Group Areas Act

Answer 20

• Established in 1950s
• Designated residential areas for 4 racial groups
• Divided urban areas into zones where only one racial group could live

Question 21

Freedom Charter

Answer 21

• Similar to the Declaration of Independence, but applied to South African politics
• Created on the idea that all racial groups in South Africa should have equal rights
• Linked the prospect of a new government with the current changes in the South African economy

Question 22

Sharpville Masacre

Answer 22

• South African police opened fire on a peaceful protect led by the Pan Africanist Congress
• 69 people were murdered, most of them shot in the back

Question 23

Ithaka na wiathi

Answer 23

• Translates simply to “land and freedom”
• Translates more accurately to “gardens won from the wilderness title to self respect”
• equivalates owning land with waithi
• also equivolates wiathi with freedom

Question 24

Dedan Kimathi

Answer 24

• Leader of the Mau Mau movement
• Strickly enforced political preservation of the Mau Mau
• Led gorilla operations against the British

Question 25

Stanley Mathenge

Answer 25

• Opposed Kimathi and his way of leading Mau Mau by establishing his own organization, Riigi.
• accused Kimathi of using illiterate followers for his own selfish ends
• Promoted resolve at a local level, rather than large scale gorilla warfare

Question 26

Operation Legacy

Answer 26

• The organized destruction of thousands of files at the hands of the British Government
• Many of these files were evidence of the British government’s torture of the Kikuyu people in concentration camps.
• The UK government admitted this in 2010

Question 27

Mau Mau