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Modern Africa > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Jomo Kenyatta

A
  • 1962-1978
  • A member of the Kikuyu Central Association
  • Editor of the Mwigithania newspaper
  • Rose to power because of his involvement with this newspaper
  • Led a new group, the Kikuyu African Union, after the Kikuyu Central Association was banned by the British government.
  • Falsey accused of leading the mau mau movement and was imprisoned
    -Was elected as the first President of Kenya in 1962
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2
Q

Daniel arap Moi

A

-Became 2nd President of Kenya after Kenyatta’s death in 1978 to 2002
- A Vice President of Kenya under Jomo Kenyatta’s reign
- Originally from the Great Rift Valley located north of Nairobi. Main ethnic group that lives in Rift Valley are the Kalenjin

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3
Q

Kenya People’s Union

A
  • 1966-1969
  • Political party formed by Bilad Kaggia, an architect of the Mau Mau movement and Oginga Odinga, socialist Luo leader.
  • Banned by Kenyatta’s government in 1969
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4
Q

Wambui Otieno

A
  • 1936-2011
  • A Kikuyu woman, mother, and widow of the lawyer S.M. Otieno
    -defendant in the S.M. Otieno Civil Court Case in the 1980s
    -A spy in the Mau Mau movement, published the autobiography titled Mau Mau’s daughter years after the court case
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5
Q

Oginga Odinga

A
  • Independent Kenya’s first Vice President in 1962
  • a socialist
  • A leader of western Kenya’s Luo people
  • One of the founders of the Kenya Peoples’ Union
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6
Q

Restatement of African Law

A

-Enacted under Kenyatta’s reign after Kenya’s independence in 1962
- required written legal codes of different tribes’ customary law.
-Way to honor rural majority of Kenya
-Customary law was a source of confinement for women, as exemplified by the S.M. Otieno burial trial in the 1980s

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7
Q

Luo Union

A
  • Founded in the 1940s
  • Arguably the best organized asscoiation that advocated for tribal customary law
  • feared of the urbanization of women.
  • Members argued they were the spokespersons of Luo identity
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8
Q

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy

A
  • Organization established in 1991
  • Led by Oginga Odinga and was composed of leftists
    -advocated for multi-party democracy
    -Sought to challenge Daniel arap Moi and the Kenya Africa National Union.
    -Movement Included democratic protests
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9
Q

Sokoto Caliphate

A
  • Empire formed in the 1800s
  • Led by Usman dan Fodio and his son
  • Large empire located in Northern Nigeria
  • Relied on slave labor
  • Fell to British and French militaries in 1903, fell under British indirect rule
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10
Q

Yakuba Gowon

A
  • Became president of Nigeria in 1966
  • Leader of a military coup against President of Nigeria Ironsi
  • Promised national unity when he came to power
  • Viewed by people in northern Nigeria as a way to “right” the previous coup led by Ironski in 1956
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11
Q

Emeka Ojukwu

A
  • Leader of Biafra from 1967 to 1970
  • Military governer of south east Nigeria
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12
Q

Biafra

A
  • A state that succeeded from Nigeria in 1967 and was ultimately returned to Nigeria in 1970
  • Became a state of the igbo people, which were group of ethnic minorities
  • fought in a war against Nigeria which lasted 3 years
  • Was blockaded by Nigeria military which resulted in a humanitarian catastrophy of famine
  • Only recognized as an independent state by 4 countries
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13
Q

Nnamdi Aziikiwe

A
  • The first President of Nigeria serving from 1963-1966
  • Did not have much control, as the Nigeria he governed was very decentralized
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14
Q

Organization of African Unity

A
  • Intergovernmental organization established in African in 1963
  • The founding part of its charter is to respect country borders
  • Framed national independence as something not to be squandered by successionist movements
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15
Q

Idi Amin

A
  • First president of independent Uganda in 1971 until 1979
  • Rose to power through his role in the British colonial military and became commanding officer, led a military coup against Obote
  • estimated 300,000 people died under his reign
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16
Q

Milton Obote

A
  • Most effective player in negotiating independece for Uganda, good at backroom politics
  • Initiated a war in 1966 to overtake the Buganda kindom. Fell as prime minister in 1971 to Idi Amin
  • Succeeded Amin as president in 1979
17
Q

The ‘Economic War’

A
  • Enacted under Idi Amin in 1972 when administration anounced that Asian people had 3 months to leave the country
  • Resulted in 5, 655 businesses being vacated
  • Enacted with little violence, a tragedy but not a genocide
18
Q

Steve Biko

A
  • 1946- 1969
  • A Leader of the Black consciousness movement of the 1960s in capetown south africa
  • His book, “I like what i like”, initiated a change in referring to African identity as Black.
19
Q

Black Consciousness

A
  • 1960s, emerged out of the sharpville masacre
  • Movement that emphasized the need to use the culture of oppression to challenge oppression
    -Grew out of Black theology, which was the looking of Christianity to challenge the oppression of Black people.
20
Q

Soweto Uprising

A
  • A large protest made of primarily Black South african students that took place in 1976
  • Protested the apartheid gov’s requirement to learn the Afrikaaner’s language in public school.
  • Thousands of young people took to the streets
  • 60 school aged kids were murdered by the apartheid government
21
Q

Inkatha

A
  • Political party in south africa that opposed the United Democratic Front in the 1980s
  • Led by the chief of the Zulu people, Mongosuto Busulatei
  • Sought to limit the influence of the UDF among rural Zulu people, rusulting in many violent interactions
  • Later funded by the south african apartheid government to undermine the anc
22
Q

Royal Bafokeng

A
  • Formed in 1140
  • Formed by a group of Black South Africans who pooled resources to buy land using missionaries as proxies
  • Land contains the largest deposit of platinum group minerals
  • Entered a royality agreement with Impala platinum for the right to mine resources
23
Q

Nelson Mandela

A
  • sworn in as first president of independent south africa in 1994 as a leader of the anc
  • imprisoned for 27 years by the apartheid govenrment
24
Q

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

A
  • Established in 1995 under Nelson Mandela’s leadership
  • The world’s largest and most successful attempt at a restorative justice system
  • granted amnesty to perpetrators that came forward for their crimes
  • chairman was desmond tutu
25
Q

Rhodes Must Fall movement

A
  • Movement started in 2015
  • A campagin started by black south african students to remove a public statue of cecil rhodes in cape town
  • sought to decolonize education
26
Q

The Oputa Panel

A

-Also known as the human rights violations investigation commission
- est in the 1990s
- concluded that the nigerian government was guilty of commiting vast violations of human rights against people of nigeria
- Resulted in no legal action against perpetrators

27
Q

Yoweri Museveni

A
  • Took over as president of uganda in 1986
  • Marched into Kampala to overthrow Obote
  • Believed that after Amin and Obote’s regimes, Uganda had to start over again.
  • disregarded Uganda’s political history and instead focused on its future
28
Q

The Oder Commission

A
  • restorative justice system in Uganda est in the 1990s under Museveni
  • modeled after south afirca’s trc designed to restore social justice
    -only 5 people were prosectuted and 1 was charged
  • performance instrument for burying history of the 1970s
29
Q

The ethnographic museum

A
  • method of museum categorization that define objects based on their ethnic group of origin
  • The Ugandan National Museum uses ethnographic categorization
  • problematic because it conceals political history

Modern Africa (4 decks)

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