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Historic Preservation > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

These special places,
these works of
____________, are works
of art. Like painting,
music or literature,
these buildings help us
understand our
capacities as humans

A

Architecture

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2
Q

One reason old places
matter is how they
foster _________,
from a shared sense of
place, to the
storytelling that
happens in old
neighborhoods, to the
way people meet and
gather on common
ground

A

Community

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3
Q

The positive ________ _____ of historic
preservation on the
economy has been
documented in six
broad areas: 1) jobs,
2) property values,
3) heritage tourism,
4) environmental
impact, 5) social
impact, and 6)
downtown
revitalization.

A

Economic Impact

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4
Q

PRESERVATION IS….
…a progressive art ____.
….an intellectual and design _________ of the
the very
highest level.
…_______ to the public good.
…a _______ act.

A

form, challenge, crucial, radical

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5
Q

Preservation Defined

A

-Typically, a grassroots movement.
-Some communities hold it in high regard, others do not.
-Can be firmly ingrained in a community’s consciousness, or
not.
-Key to success: The ability to adapt to new and
ever-changing political, economic, and cultural
climates.
-Todd’s definition: A grassroots, broad-based, multi-faceted
movement focusing on the educational, environmental,
cultural, aesthetic, social, and economic impact of historic
resources.

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6
Q

Preservationists- Passive

A

Habit, Hapenstance

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7
Q

Preservationists- Active

A

Concerted effort

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8
Q

Preservationists- Professional

A

Compensated

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9
Q

Applied History

A

The preservation of historic buildings should include not only their physical
configurations but also their histories.
Think of the building as the
“noun” in a sentence (the
object) and the history as
the “verb” (action/occurrence).

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10
Q

Ann Adelia Armstrong

A

Teaching students at her art school in
Knoxville.

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11
Q

Viollet-le-Duc

A

-The first “restoration” architect
-Church of La Madeleine at Vezelay (Burgundy), France - C. 1120-1150 A.D.
-Burgundian Romanesque style
-Restoration c. 1840-1860 A.D. (no original plans; no schools of restoration)
-New stone sculpted to match old
-Statuary based on Viollet-le-Ducs’ preferences

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12
Q

John Ruskin, (1819 - 1900)

A

English critic of art, architecture,
and society who was a gifted
painter, a distinctive prose
stylist, and an important
example of the Victorian Sage,
or Prophet

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13
Q

Maintain - do everything you can to keep it in a “state of
completion

A

Viollet-le-Duc

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14
Q

Don’t do anything again, ever.

A

Ruskin

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15
Q

Move it to preserve it and secure it.

A

Elgin Marble

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16
Q

Respect it as sacred for a community.

A

Canyon de Shelly

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17
Q

Leave it unpreserved in order to learn from it

A

Drayton Hall

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18
Q

Pick a point in time and restore it to that period.

A

Strawberry Hill

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19
Q

Restore, but don’t make it too perfect

A

Williamsburg

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20
Q

Modern is significant, too.

A

TWA

21
Q

Constantly renew, as in nature.

A

Ise Shrine

22
Q

Recreate what has been lost

A

Warsaw + Moscow

23
Q

“First” preservation project

A

Independence Hall

24
Q

Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association

A

“First” nationwide preservation group

25
Q

First historic district.

A

Charleston, SC

26
Q

In Charleston, SC, local activist _ _ _ directed the historic Charleston Foundation to create a fund to buy old homes to save them from destruction in 1957.

A

Frances Edmund

27
Q

In Denver, an effort made by architecture conservationist, _ _ _ to save larimer square, the city’s founding neighborhood, culminated in it being named the burg’s first historic district in 1971

A

Dana Hudkins Crawford

28
Q

In New York, former first lady _ _ _ lent the municipal arts society her celebrity and political contacts to help save Grand Central Terminal from demolition in 1979

A

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis

29
Q

Majorian
Emperor of Rome
457-461

A

Issued one of the
earliest recorded
preservation statutes in
history. He fined any
magistrate who gave
permission to strip
stone from an imperial
monument. Workmen
who carried out the
request would be
scourged and have
their hands cut off.

30
Q

Private Property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation

A

Fifth Amendment

31
Q

Entitle every citizen to due process and equal protection under the law. Ensures that government actions affecting private property are reasonable and fair and advance and legitimate public purpose

A

Fourteenth Amendment

32
Q

_______ ______ is the right of state, local, or federal government to seize private property for public use including: transportation development, municipal buildings, public schools, and public parks

A

Eminent Domain

33
Q

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

A

-Created the National Register of Historic Places
-Defined the concept of historic districts
-Established the Advisory Council on
Historic Preservation
Section 106 Review
Area of potential effects
-Mandates a State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO)
-Mandates a state review board
-Allows Certified Local Governments

34
Q

Tennessee Heritage Protection Act

A

The Tennessee Heritage Protection Act was initially enacted in 2013 and amended in 2016 and 2018. Generally, the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act prohibits the removal, relocation, or renaming of a memorial that is,
or is located on, public property.
A public entity exercising control of a
memorial may petition the Tennessee
Historical Commission in writing for a waiver from the prohibition. After consideration of the petition, the Tennessee Historical Commission will vote on whether to grant or
deny the waiver. On and after May 21, 2018, a historic organization may petition the Tennessee Historical Commission to transfer ownership
to the historic organization and/or relocate a memorial with the consent of the public entity exercising control of the memorial.

35
Q

Berman v. Parker (1954)

A

The Berman v. Parker decision established the principle
that aesthetics alone sufficiently justified government
regulation of private property.

36
Q

Figarsky v. HDC (1976)

A

Upheld a commission’s decision to deny a demolition
permit based on “vague aesthetic legislation”

37
Q

Maher v. City of New Orleans (1974)

A

Established that a building in a historic district did not
need to have individual significance to merit protection.

38
Q

National Register 4 Criteria

A

-Association with significant events
-Association with significant persons
-Architectural significance (construction)
-Ability to yield information (archaeology)

39
Q

Historic/Architectural Integrity

A

-Location (place)
-Design (form, plan, space)
-Setting (environment)
-Materials (physical elements)
-Workmanship (craftsmanship)
-Feeling (aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period)
-Association (direct link with event or person)

40
Q

National Heritage Areas

A

National Heritage Areas are places where historic, cultural, and natural
resources combine to form cohesive, nationally important landscapes.
Unlike national parks, National Heritage Areas are large lived-in
landscapes. Consequently, National Heritage Area entities collaborate
with communities to determine how to make heritage relevant to local
interests and needs.
In 1984, the first National Heritage Area, Illinois and Michigan Canal
National Heritage Area, was signed into law by President Ronald
Reagan. In his dedication speech, Reagan referred to National Heritage
Areas “a new kind of national park” that married heritage conservation,
recreation, and economic development. As of 2023, 62 National
Heritage Areas are designated.

41
Q

Stretching over more than 494,000 acres, this exceptionally
beautiful park is home to more than 3,500 plant species,
including almost as many trees (130 natural species) as in all of
Europe. Many endangered animal species are also found there,
including what is probably the greatest variety of salamanders in
the world. Since the park is relatively untouched, it gives an idea
of temperate flora before the influence of humankind.

A

Great Smokey Mountains National Park

42
Q

What is a historic district?
There are really three types of “historic districts”:

A

-Non-designated historic neighborhoods.
Highland Park, Orchard Knob, Glenwood
-National Register designated historic districts.
Missionary Ridge, Downtown Historic District
-Locally designated historic districts with guidelines and
historic zoning commission oversight.
Fort Wood, Ferger Place, St. Elmo, Battery Place

43
Q

Top 5 reasons to establish a historic
district:

A
  1. General protection of significant historic resources.
  2. Protection against specific threats.
  3. To incentivize redevelopment.
  4. To stabilize neighborhoods.
  5. To enhance general image and social value.
44
Q

The inability to
maximize a property’s economic return
is not sufficient justification

A

Economic Hardships

45
Q

Government taking
for public benefit with fair
compensation to owner.

A

Eminent Domain

46
Q

Creating
a (Local)
Historic
District

A
  1. Define the boundaries (follow the
    National Register boundaries or create
    different boundaries). Look for
    cohesion, integrity, and perception.
  2. Inventory: Compile history and
    photographic evidence. Determine % of
    contributing vs. non-contributing.
  3. Develop design guidelines. What will be
    governed (demolition, additions,
    materials, etc.)
  4. Conduct community meetings
    (public/property owner input).
  5. Local government votes (traditionally
    wants a majority of property owners to
    support the effort).
47
Q

Legal
Criteria

A
  1. The ordinance creating the district
    should protect and promote the welfare
    of citizens (benefitting all and not a few
    select property owners).
  2. The ordinance should be rational and
    easy to understand/interpret.
  3. The provisions of the ordinance should
    be fair and apply equally to everyone.
  4. The commission should practice due
    diligence and due process
48
Q

“America’s most influential architect.”

A

Frank Lloyd Wright
1867-1959

49
Q
A

Historic Preservation (2 decks)

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