Midterm Flashcards
What is the branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts?
Anatomy
What is the study of body functions?
Physiology
What is a group of cells?
Tissue
What is a structure consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function?
Organ
What contains the skin and its various accessory structures such as hair, fingernails, sensory receptors, and glands?
Integumentary system
What provides the body’s support structure, gives your body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for your organs and stores minerals?
Skeletal system
What is responsible for providing strength, keeping up balance, maintaining posture, allowing movement, and producing heat?
Muscular system
The pigmented compound in muscle tissue that stores oxygen; causes muscles to look reddish-brown
Myoglobin
cytoplasm of striated muscle cell
Sarcoplasm
structural and functional unit of a myofibril
Sarcomere
type of neurotransmitter; biochemical that is secreted into the synaptic cleft (a gap) at the axon ends of neurons; helps make muscles contract
Acetylcholine
amount of oxygen required following physical exercise to react accumulated lactic acid to form glucose
Oxygen debt
movement increasing the angle between parts at a joint
Extension
bending at a joint that decreases the angle between bones
Flexion
movement of body away from midline
Abduction
movement of body toward the midline
Adduction
stable internal environment; dynamic state in which the body’s internal environment is maintained in the normal range
Homeostasis
What type of muscle in voluntary and multinucleated. It is composed of muscular, nervous, vascular, and connective tissues. Cells up to 30 cm long, 1 mm wide
Skeletal muscle
What type of muscle is involuntary, uni- nuclear, has slow but prolonged contractions, no striations, and elongated spindle but shorter than skeletal muscle.
Smooth muscle
Which type of smooth muscle has: fibers not sheets, not organized; ex. iris + blood vessels
Multi-unit smooth
Which type of smooth muscle: in sheets, can cause rhythmic wave-like contractions (peristalsis); ex. in walls of hollow organs like stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, and uterus
Visceral smooth
Which type of muscle is: Involuntary
Only in heart
Uni- nuclear
Cells form branching interlacing network
Sarcoplasmic reticulum poorly developed; many mitochondria provide long, slow contractions
Cardiac muscle
What serves as an aid for estimating the extent of the damage that a burn caused? Human body is subdivided into regions, and it is important for planning to replace body fluids and electrolytes lost from damaged tissues, also for covering burned area with skin or skin substitutes.
Rule of nines (Each region represents 9% or a multiple of 9% of the total skin area)
What type of tissue makes up the skin?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the function of the skin?
Protective covering, maintains homeostasis, retards water loss, regulates body temperature, houses sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals, excretes small amounts of waste
What are some smooth muscle examples?
Iris, blood vessels, walls of hollow organs: stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus
Which gland secretes their products into ducts that open onto surfaces like the skin or lining of digestive tract
Exocrine glands
Which gland is a sweat gland that maintains body temperature; respond to temperature; can produce from emotional stress
Eccrine gland
Which gland secretes sebum?
Sebaceous gland
binds two or more bones at a joint
Ligament
connects a muscle to a bone
Tendon
What is the function of water in the body?
Essential to bodily functions; regulate body temperature, lubricate and cushion joints, protect your spinal cord and other sensitive tissues, get rid of wastes through urination, perspiration, and bowel movements
What is a cut across the structure
Cross
What is a lengthwise cut?
Longitudinal
divides the body into upper and lower halves (superior + inferior portions)
Transverse
longitudinal plane dividing the body (head, torso, limbs) or its parts into front and back halves or parts (anterior + posterior portions)
Frontal
longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into left and right parts, not halves
Saggital
longest muscle in human body
Sartorius
largest muscle in human body
Gluteus Maximus
What is the order of muscle terms from largest to smallest?
Muscle, fiber bundle (fascicle), muscle cell (fiber), myofibril
What type of tissue provides protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion
Epithelial
What type of tissue is avascular(lack blood vessels), readily divide; cells are tightly packed
Epithelial tissue
What type of tissue bind, support, protect, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, and help repair tissue damage
Connective tissue
What tutor if tissue is mainly good blood supply; cells are farther apart than epithelial cells, have abundance of ECM
Connective tissue
What type of tissue protects, insulates, stores fat and energy, cushions joints and some organs (like kidneys)
Adipose tissue
What type of tissue is made of adipocytes that store droplets of fat; beneath the skin
Adipose tissue
What type of tissue Supports, protects parts in cranial and thoracic cavities, provides framework, attachment for muscles
Skeletal tissue
What type of tissue is made of mineral salts (calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate), collagen fibers, osteocytes
Skeletal tissue
What type of tissue aids in movement
Muscle tissue
What type of tissue is able to contract in response to specific stimuli
Muscle tissue
