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Anatomy and Physiology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

What is the study of body functions?

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What is a group of cells?

A

Tissue

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4
Q

What is a structure consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function?

A

Organ

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5
Q

What contains the skin and its various accessory structures such as hair, fingernails, sensory receptors, and glands?

A

Integumentary system

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6
Q

What provides the body’s support structure, gives your body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for your organs and stores minerals?

A

Skeletal system

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7
Q

What is responsible for providing strength, keeping up balance, maintaining posture, allowing movement, and producing heat?

A

Muscular system

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8
Q

The pigmented compound in muscle tissue that stores oxygen; causes muscles to look reddish-brown

A

Myoglobin

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9
Q

cytoplasm of striated muscle cell

A

Sarcoplasm

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10
Q

structural and functional unit of a myofibril

A

Sarcomere

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11
Q

type of neurotransmitter; biochemical that is secreted into the synaptic cleft (a gap) at the axon ends of neurons; helps make muscles contract

A

Acetylcholine

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12
Q

amount of oxygen required following physical exercise to react accumulated lactic acid to form glucose

A

Oxygen debt

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13
Q

movement increasing the angle between parts at a joint

A

Extension

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14
Q

bending at a joint that decreases the angle between bones

A

Flexion

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15
Q

movement of body away from midline

A

Abduction

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16
Q

movement of body toward the midline

A

Adduction

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17
Q

stable internal environment; dynamic state in which the body’s internal environment is maintained in the normal range

A

Homeostasis

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18
Q

What type of muscle in voluntary and multinucleated. It is composed of muscular, nervous, vascular, and connective tissues. Cells up to 30 cm long, 1 mm wide

A

Skeletal muscle

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19
Q

What type of muscle is involuntary, uni- nuclear, has slow but prolonged contractions, no striations, and elongated spindle but shorter than skeletal muscle.

A

Smooth muscle

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20
Q

Which type of smooth muscle has: fibers not sheets, not organized; ex. iris + blood vessels

A

Multi-unit smooth

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21
Q

Which type of smooth muscle: in sheets, can cause rhythmic wave-like contractions (peristalsis); ex. in walls of hollow organs like stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, and uterus

A

Visceral smooth

22
Q

Which type of muscle is: Involuntary
Only in heart
Uni- nuclear
Cells form branching interlacing network
Sarcoplasmic reticulum poorly developed; many mitochondria provide long, slow contractions

A

Cardiac muscle

23
Q

What serves as an aid for estimating the extent of the damage that a burn caused? Human body is subdivided into regions, and it is important for planning to replace body fluids and electrolytes lost from damaged tissues, also for covering burned area with skin or skin substitutes.

A

Rule of nines (Each region represents 9% or a multiple of 9% of the total skin area)

24
Q

What type of tissue makes up the skin?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

25
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A

Protective covering, maintains homeostasis, retards water loss, regulates body temperature, houses sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals, excretes small amounts of waste

26
Q

What are some smooth muscle examples?

A

Iris, blood vessels, walls of hollow organs: stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus

27
Q

Which gland secretes their products into ducts that open onto surfaces like the skin or lining of digestive tract

A

Exocrine glands

28
Q

Which gland is a sweat gland that maintains body temperature; respond to temperature; can produce from emotional stress

A

Eccrine gland

29
Q

Which gland secretes sebum?

A

Sebaceous gland

30
Q

binds two or more bones at a joint

A

Ligament

31
Q

connects a muscle to a bone

A

Tendon

32
Q

What is the function of water in the body?

A

Essential to bodily functions; regulate body temperature, lubricate and cushion joints, protect your spinal cord and other sensitive tissues, get rid of wastes through urination, perspiration, and bowel movements

33
Q

What is a cut across the structure

A

Cross

34
Q

What is a lengthwise cut?

A

Longitudinal

35
Q

divides the body into upper and lower halves (superior + inferior portions)

A

Transverse

36
Q

longitudinal plane dividing the body (head, torso, limbs) or its parts into front and back halves or parts (anterior + posterior portions)

A

Frontal

37
Q

longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into left and right parts, not halves

A

Saggital

38
Q

longest muscle in human body

A

Sartorius

39
Q

largest muscle in human body

A

Gluteus Maximus

40
Q

What is the order of muscle terms from largest to smallest?

A

Muscle, fiber bundle (fascicle), muscle cell (fiber), myofibril

41
Q

What type of tissue provides protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion

A

Epithelial

42
Q

What type of tissue is avascular(lack blood vessels), readily divide; cells are tightly packed

A

Epithelial tissue

43
Q

What type of tissue bind, support, protect, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, and help repair tissue damage

A

Connective tissue

44
Q

What tutor if tissue is mainly good blood supply; cells are farther apart than epithelial cells, have abundance of ECM

A

Connective tissue

45
Q

What type of tissue protects, insulates, stores fat and energy, cushions joints and some organs (like kidneys)

A

Adipose tissue

46
Q

What type of tissue is made of adipocytes that store droplets of fat; beneath the skin

A

Adipose tissue

47
Q

What type of tissue Supports, protects parts in cranial and thoracic cavities, provides framework, attachment for muscles

A

Skeletal tissue

48
Q

What type of tissue is made of mineral salts (calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate), collagen fibers, osteocytes

A

Skeletal tissue

49
Q

What type of tissue aids in movement

A

Muscle tissue

50
Q

What type of tissue is able to contract in response to specific stimuli

A

Muscle tissue

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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