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Biology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of a living thing?

A
  • Made of Cells
  • Reproduce
  • Acquire and Use Energy (metabolism)
  • Grow and Develop
  • Levels of organization
  • Response to stimuli (homeostatis)
  • Adapt and Evolve
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2
Q

What classifies something as a nonliving thing?

A

Doesn’t have all the 7 characteristics of a living thing

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3
Q

What does Biotic mean?

A

Living things within an ecosystem that shapes its environment

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4
Q

What does Abiotic mean?

A

Non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment

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5
Q

What are some examples of Biotic factors?

A
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Bacteria
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6
Q

What are some examples of Abiotic factors?

A
  • Water
  • Light
  • Temperature
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7
Q

What is an Organism?

A

A living thing

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8
Q

What does Species mean?

A

A group of similar organisms that can reproduce naturally with one another and create fertile offspring

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9
Q

What does Homeostasis mean?

A

A self-regulating process by which biological systems maintain stability

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10
Q

What is an example of Homeostasis?

A

Shivering when it is cold out

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11
Q

What does Extremophile mean?

A

Organism(s) with the ability to thrive in extreme environments

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12
Q

What does Cell mean?

A

The basic structural, functional, and biological building blocks of all living things

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13
Q

What does Organic Compounds mean?

A

Generally complex molecules derived from or produced by living organisms and have carbon-hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

What does Inorganic Compounds mean?

A

Simple molecules derived from nonliving components, like metals, and have no carbon-hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

What does Reproduce mean?

A

Production of offspring, there is asexual or sexual reproduction

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16
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

When an organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique

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17
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

One parent copies itself to form a genetically identical offspring.

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18
Q

What does Evolution mean?

A

The change in heritable traits of biological populations over generations

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19
Q

What does Virus mean?

A

An infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot make a copy of itself; instead, it must infect cells and use components of the host cell to make copies of itself

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20
Q

What does Eukaryote mean?

A

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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21
Q

What is an example of a Eukaryote?

A

Plant and Animal Cells

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22
Q

What does Prokaryote mean?

A

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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23
Q

What is an example of a Prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

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24
Q

What does Response to the Environment mean?

A

When a living thing responds to its environment, it is responding to a stimulus. A stimulus is something in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism

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25
Q

What does Requires Energy mean?

A

Organisms use energy to grow, repair injuries, make more cells, cellular respiration etc

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26
Q

What does Grow and Develop mean?

A

When organisms increase in size and become more complex as they get older

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27
Q

What does unicellular mean?

A

Made of a single cell

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28
Q

What does multicellular mean?

A

Made of multiple cells

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29
Q

What does growth mean?

A

The process of increasing in physical size

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30
Q

What does every organic molecule have to have?

A

Carbon

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31
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

Control center of the cell that contains DNA. It is found in Eukaryotes

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32
Q

What does Cytoplasm mean?

A

Gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules

33
Q

What is a Ribosome?

A

Makes Proteins and is found in all cells

34
Q

What is an Endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Makes many proteins and lipids.Transports molecules throughout cell. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not.

35
Q

What is a Golgi Apparatus?

A

A cell that sorts and packages proteins for export by the cell

36
Q

What is a Mitochondria?

A

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production. Found in Eukaryotes

37
Q

What is a Chloroplast?

A

Where photosynthesis happens

38
Q

What is a Central Vacuole?

A

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with water and other molecules

39
Q

What is a Vacuole?

A

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

40
Q

What is a Cell/Plasma Membrane?

A

A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment and allows specific things to enter and exit the cell. It is found in all cells.

41
Q

What is a Semi-permeable?

A

Membranes that allow some substances through but not others

42
Q

Levels of organization in the body

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

43
Q

What is a Microscope?

A

An instrument that makes small objects look larger

44
Q

What is a Cell Wall?

A

Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in bacteria and plant cells. Provides support, protection, and structure.

45
Q

What is a Lysosome?

A

A cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down waste and foreign invaders in the cell.

46
Q

What is a Centriole?

A

An organelle located near the nucleus that helps to organize cell division

47
Q

What does Cell Specialization/Differentiation mean?

A

The process by which cells change as they grow and develop to become specialized with different functions.

48
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An unspecialized cell that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells

49
Q

What does Cell Theory mean?

A

The idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and they are produced from existing cells

50
Q

What does Macromolecules mean?

A

Large biological molecules There are four types: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

51
Q

What does Monomer mean?

A

Small molecules that are subunits or building blocks of polymers

52
Q

What does Polymer mean?

A

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together

53
Q

What does Carbohydrate mean?

A

Organic molecules made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) in a 1:2:1 ratio

54
Q

What is the function of Carbohydrates?

A

Short term energy

55
Q

What does Monosaccharides mean?

A

Simple sugars (glucose, fructose); monomer for carbohydrates.

56
Q

What does Polysaccharides?

A

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

57
Q

What does Starch mean?

A

Storage form of glucose in plants

58
Q

What does Cellulose mean?

A

A substance made of sugars that is common in the cell walls of many organisms; known as Fiber on dietary labels

59
Q

What does Protein mean?

A

Organic molecules made up of amino acids and they are essential for life. Examples of proteins are enzymes, hair, hemoglobin.

60
Q

What is the function of Proteins?

A

Structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances

61
Q

What does Amino Acids mean?

A

Building blocks for proteins. There are 20 different amino acids.

62
Q

What does a Polypeptide mean?

A

Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins

63
Q

What is the function of Lipids?

A

Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins

64
Q

What does Lipids mean?

A

Organic molecules made up of C, H, and O that include fats, oils, waxes and cholesterol. They are nonpolar and do not dissolve in water.

65
Q

What does an Enzyme mean?

A

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

66
Q

What does a Fatty Acid mean?

A

Building blocks of Lipids

67
Q

What does Nucleic Acids mean?

A

Organic molecules that contain C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P).

68
Q

What is an example of Nucleic Acids?

A

RNA and DNA

69
Q

What does a Nucelotide mean?

A

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

70
Q

What does a DNA mean?

A

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

71
Q

What does a Chemical Reaction mean?

A

Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

72
Q

What does a Reactant mean?

A

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

73
Q

What does a Product mean?

A

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

74
Q

What does an Activation Energy mean?

A

Energy needed to get a reaction started

75
Q

What does Metabolism mean?

A

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

76
Q

What does Dehydration Synthesis mean?

A

Water is removed to bond (build) smaller molecules into a polymer. This type of reaction stores energy.

77
Q

What does Hydrolysis mean?

A

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

78
Q

What is Biology?

A

The study of living things

Biology (5 decks)

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