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Social Theory > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major goal of sociology?

A

the objective is to understand how society works but more precisely, how we are socially organized, scientifically: politics, economy, social relationships/behaviours

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2
Q

Historical periods of European history, in order

A

Greeks, Europeans, Roman and Liberals

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3
Q

Greeks

A

Introduce the concept of “democracy”. Social Theory: Humanistic gods explain your place in society/world

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4
Q

Egyptians

A

Ancient kingdoms unite. Social Theory: Animistic gods explain your place in society/world.

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5
Q

Roman

A

Judaism & Christianity main cultures. Social Theory: Class/social status explains your place in society/world.

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6
Q

Liberals

A

The Neo-Liberal age. A return to original “liberal” ways of organizing societies, created at the dawn of capitalism (early 1800s).

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7
Q

Key enlightenment ideas

A

the enclosure movement, masses of landless labour appear and development of natural sciences

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8
Q

The enclosure movement

A

massive eviction of peasants from the land

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9
Q

masses of landless labour appear

A

private ownership, dawn of urdanization

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10
Q

Development of natural sciences

A

results were critical secular individualization

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11
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Secularization - it is the people around us that help to create the world around us

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12
Q

John Locke

A

people are born tabula rasa, we all require socialization

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13
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

proposed new social contract of universality, freedom, equality, rights etc.

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14
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Women rights activist, proposed universal education

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15
Q

Enlightenment summative 7 points

A
  1. Nature and role of Reason.
  2. The Role of Religion.
  3. View of Human Nature.
  4. Idea of Progress.
  5. Atomism Replaces Corporatism.
  6. Mechanism Replaces Organicism.
  7. Society Based on a Social Contract.
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16
Q

Secularization

A

the process by which a society, culture, or individual becomes less influenced by or detached from religious beliefs, practices, and institutions.

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17
Q

Critical secular individualism

A

It promotes the idea that individuals should have the freedom to make decisions about their beliefs, values, and lifestyles without undue influence or coercion from religious authorities or doctrines

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18
Q

positivism

A

Must rely upon empirical evidence to understand & explain the social world. Order and progress can/should be achieved though science

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19
Q

2 key changes to develop capitalist society

A

The french revolution – declaration of the rights of man and Reign of terror – 40 k people died at the guillotine

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20
Q

5 characteristics of classical and post-classical liberals

A
  1. State-involvement
  2. State interventionism
  3. Sight of clear lack of fit between equality of opportunity and equality of condition
  4. How much involvement in the social system
  5. Insititute labour laws and labour unions
21
Q

How Conflict theorist View Capitalist Society

A

society is based on inequality: competition for scarce economic resources

22
Q

critic of labour theory of value

A

denies human nature and creates alienation

23
Q

Class

A

position in society based on income

24
Q

base

A

economic organization in society

25
Q

Superstructure

A

relations of production: politics, laws, religion

26
Q

SES

A

socioeconomic status which means measure of someones social position based on a combination of economic and social attributes

27
Q

Alienation

A

Workers are not connected to the objects they produce, becoming separated from themselves, other workers.

28
Q

Primitive communism

A

Land, tools, and resources are collectively owned and utilized by the entire community. Everyone had access

29
Q

Slave society

A

the means of production are typically owned by a ruling class of slaveowners

30
Q

Feudalism

A

land is typically owned by the feudal lords, who grant land in exchange for services and loyalty

31
Q

Capitalism modes of production

A

capitalist or the bourgeoisie own the means of production, including factories, machines and resources

32
Q

Socialism

A

the means of production is meant to be collectively owned meaning everyone has equal access.

33
Q

organic analysis of capitalist society

A

social structures are like organs in the human body - if it breaks down it can be fixed

34
Q

Profane

A

Things that religious doctrines state we must remain at a distance from. (sins)

35
Q

Sacred

A

things that religious doctrines protect and isolate

36
Q

collective conscious

A

The shared set of values, thoughts, ideas through a shared religious framework.

37
Q

social facts

A

social features that simply exist on their own and are independent of individual expressions.

38
Q

3 key features of organic analogy capitalist society and social organization

A

capitalist society, social order and political arrangements

39
Q

Capitalist society (3 key features)

A

must be understood as a system because basic individual needs that must be satisfied if a human society is to survive.

40
Q

Social order (3 key features)

A

Social systems tend to be stable & orderly, as long as they possess a set of widely shared & accepted beliefs & values.

41
Q

Political Arrangements ( 3 key features)

A

Functions to make decisions for the entire social system

42
Q

nature and role of reason summative point

A

nature and the social world are ordered, humans are a part of the world thus they are naturally rational. humans are predictable, controlled and improved

43
Q

the view of religion

A

religion isn’t the only answer to social questions anymore, once natural sciences were discovered the view of religion shifted

44
Q

view of human nature

A

1st view was from the church and how society works, you were born a sinner and needed to be baptized at birth. 2nd view was the Enlightenment when people started to look at things from not just a religious stand point

45
Q

idea of progress

A

progress is unlinear which means everyone is striving for perfection

46
Q

atomism replaces corporatism

A

atomism is when society is seen as free independent individuals and corporatism is when means of production is owned by corporate entities

47
Q

Classical liberals

A

natural law regulate social order, everyone must guide themselves to their own interests

48
Q

post-classical liberal

A

everyone has work together to help society manage, argued full participation from everyone

Social Theory (2 decks)

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