Midterm Flashcards
What is Health?
State of complete emotional, mental, and physical well-being, not just the absence of disease
What is Health Promotion?
The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health
What are the leading causes of death in the U.S
Chronic (lifestyles) diseases, and new infectious diseases (HIV, STIs)
What is Health Status?
Measure of how people perceive their health
What are determinants?
Factor that is assumed to influence,
cause, or contribute to some outcome
What are health behaviors?
A modifiable factor that relates to health
What is a simple causal change
Distal Determinants -> Proximal Determinants -> Behavior -> Health Status
What are some assumptions of health promotion?
1)Individuals can assume responsibility for their own
health.
2.) Individual responsibility should not be viewed as
victim blaming.
3.) Changes in individual and societal health will impact
each other positively.
Assumptions of Health Promotion
4.) For behavior change to be permanent, individuals
must be motivated and ready to change.
5.) An individual’s health is affected by a variety of
factors, not just lifestyle.
6.) Health status can be changed
Which stage of TTM is this?
I will quit smoking in two weeks
Preparation
Which stage of TTM is this?
I am doing it. I wish I was more
consistent.
Action
This construct of TTM is more
important in earlier stages of
change, helping individuals
move from pre-contemplation
to comteplation
What is balance of pros and cons?
What is the following process of
change in TTM?
Remove or avoid cues to do
unwanted behavior and adding
cues to do wanted behavior
Stimulus Control
What is the following process of
change?
Help person experience negative
emotions that go along with
unhealthy behavior, take
advantage of an emotional
teachable moment (death of
someone close) or role play
Dramtic relief or emotional arousal
This construct of TTM is more
important in moving
individuals from preparation
to action to maintanance.
Self efficacy
This is the most immediate factor
that influences the health behavior
Proximal Determinant
Lack of mammogram facilities to
get a mammogram in Jay is an
example what kind of determinant?
Distal Determinant
Which of the following is
different from the rest?
Eating fruits and vegetables
Getting a flu shot
Getting a colonoscopy
Walking 30 minutes a day
Getting a colonoscopy, not preventative
How can we design appropriate
interventions
identifying
determinants and using
models and theories?
What are basic change strategies
in health promotion?
Health education and
communication
Policy
Community mobilizing
Health services
Engineering environments
and products
What are the two broad goals
of healthy ppl 2010?
Increase quality of and years of healthy life
Eliminate health disparities
The following statement is an
example of what kind of
prevention?
Walking for 30 minutes a day to
prevent heart diseases.
Primary
The following statement is an
example of what kind of
prevention?
Going to a physical therapist to
regain movement after a heart
attack
Tertiary
The following statement is an example of what
kind of prevention?
Getting tested for HIV after
having an unprotected one-night-
stand!
Secondary
Briefly describe social ecological
model and provide an example
Intrapersonal,
interpersonal,
organization, community,
policy
Under what two conditions, a needs
assessment is not required?
recent NA and specific
organization?
What is a mission statement?
Brief narrative that describes the general focus of the program, Describes intent, Organizational or program philosophy
“Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information
and make it universally accessible and useful.”
What are two general types of data
collections? What are adv and
disadv?
What is primary and
secondary?
Cost, accuracy, time,
measurement
What are the adv and disadv of
focus groups?
What is low cost, convenient, creative, clarify
Just qualitative, representation. Moderator skill, hard to recruit
What are the advantages and
disadvantages of interviews?
Advantages: High response rate, Flexible, Gain in-depth data
Disadvantages: Expensive, Trained interviewer, Interview bias, Limits sample size, Time-consuming
What is reliability and validity?
Provide examples
Consistency in measurement
Measure what it is supposed to measure
What are the 4 phases of proceed
model?
Intervention
Process eval
Impact eval
Outcome eval
The second phase of Precede-proceed
model and its goal
epi assessment and
behavior. Genetic, and
enviroment?
Precede is analogous to
needs
assessment
The following is an example of
what kind of factor?
Person’s knowledge about
properly using a condom
predisposing factor
The following is an example of what
kind of factor?
Condoms are not available to use
enabling factor
The following is an example of
what kind of factor?
My mother encouraged me to get
the HPV vaccine
reinforcing factor
Practice the socio ecological model
Practice ttm
Practice Precede procede Model
What is Q1 of the prioritzing matrix?
High priority for
program focus
(Quadrant 1)
What is Q2 of the prioritizing matrix
Less
changeable
Priority for innovation
program; evaluation
crucial
(Quadrant 2)
What is Q3 of the prioritizing Matrix
Low priority except to
demonstrate change
for political purposes
(Quadrant 3)
What are predisposing factors?
Any characteristics of a person or population
that motivates behavior prior to the occurrence
of that behavior (Ex. Knowledge or Beliefs)
What are enabling factors?
Characteristic of the environment that facilitate
action and any skill or resource required to
attain specific behavior (Ex. Accessibility, Availability, Skills, Laws (local, state, federal))
What are reinforcing factors?
Feedback, rewards or punishments
following or anticipated as a
consequence of a behavior. They serve
to strengthen the motivation for
behavior. (Ex. Family members, Peers, Teachers, Self)
Formative evaluation
ensures that a program or program activity is feasible, appropriate, and acceptable before it is
fully implemented. It is usually conducted when a new program or activity is being developed or when an existing one
is being adapted or modified
Process/implementation evaluation
determines whether program activities have been implemented as intended
Outcome/effectiveness evaluation
measures program effects in the target population by assessing the progress in the
outcomes or outcome objectives that the program is to achieve.
Impact evaluation
assesses program effectiveness in achieving its ultimate goals
what is CBPR
Community-based participatory research is an equitable approach to research in which researchers, organizations, and community members collaborate on all aspects of a research project
What are program goals?
A broad timeless statement of a long-
range program purpose
Administrative (Process) Objective
Daily tasks, activities, work plans
Learning (Impact) Objective
25% of the participants…
Awareness Level
Knowledge Level
Attitudes Level
Skills Level
Action/Behavioral Objectives
25% of the participants…
Change in behavior
will have completed a 6 week Pilates class.
Adherence
Compliance
Coping
Preventive Actions
Self-care
Environmental Objectives
Nonbehavioral causes
Social
Access to health care
Physical
25% of the households in Monroe County will
receive recycling trash bins.
Psychological
Emotional learning climate
Program Objectives
Ultimate objectives
By the year 2010, deaths due to CVD will
be reduced by 10% in Monroe County
