Midterm Flashcards
Who is Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern day nursing
What did Florence Nightingale do
root nursing in foundations of empirical science, new image of nursing as a respectable job, global role in evolution of nursing,
What did Nightingale believe about men in nursing
That they had no place in it unless strength is needed
How is nursing relevant to colonization
They played a huge role in helping care for those who were diseased
What was the first Nursing University program
UBC
Social Forces in Nursing
Women’s rights, Civil Rights, sexual pleasure for men, stereotypes
How has Nursing school evolved
Went from 1 year of schooling to 4 and more
What are the 2 basis nurses rely on
Scientific and human
What are the 3 remaining pillars
research, administration, policy
3 steps in nursing research
Pose questions, collect data, present results
Boyer Model
Discovery, integration, application, teaching, and learning
Nursing Policy
regulatory bodies, professionals association, unions, academy practice policy
Nursing Arts and Science 4 fundamental ways of knowing
Empirical, personal bias, ethical, aesthetic
Empirical
Knowledge of Science
Personal
Authentic knowing of personal biases
Ethical
What is right and wrong
Aesthetic
Enacting with wholeness
Client relationship must have
Trust, respect, professional intimacy, empathy, power
Evidence-Based Practice
Best evidence from research, clinical expertise, client perception and input
A Nurse is
Educator, Advocate, Manager, Care Provider
Benners 5 Stages of expertise
Novice, Advanced beginner, competent practicer, proficient, expert
Novice
Lack of experience, rules matter, no context cues, Not much of a critical thinker
Advanced Beginner
Understands cues, develop guidelines for action, identify relevant aspects of situations
Competent Practicer
sees action in relation to long term goals or plans outline important aspects of situation, conscious planning, organized, expectation, modifies plans
The expert
does not rely on rules, but intuition, knowing the requirements
5 senses of Nursing Art
- ability to grasp meaningful client encounters
- ability to establish a meaningful connection with client
- ability to skillfully perform nursing activities
- ability to determine course of action
- ability to morally conduct ones practice
Public interest
The common good or benefit that applies to the group (client)
Regulation
Rules governed to establish behaviour
Self Regulation
Putting yourself in the best position to regulate members to keep public safe
Standard of Practice
The expectable level of professional behaviour
Scope of Practice
Legally authorized things you can do
Regulatory bodies
Process of monitoring and setting down rules that must be enforced
Who is Mary Seattle
A British nurse who is known for helping the sick and wounded during war
Canadian Council of Registered Nurse Regulators (CCRNR)
Representatives from Canada’s 12 provinces that regulate the practices of RN’s
Canadian Nursing Students’ Association (CASN)
A national voice for Canadian nursing students
Regulatory Bodies intervene when
Practice is no longer safe, competent or ethical
What is the Saskatchewan Regulatory Body called
Sask Regulatory body
Characteristics if Self regulation
Accountable, specialized body of knowledge, code of ethics, service to the public, self regulation
Does sask health regulate?
no it hires
RN Act 1988
No one can call themselves a nurse if they are incompetent or unethical
International Council of nursing
Represent nursing worldwide, advance nursing profession, promote wellbeing of nurses, and advocate for health in all policies. Main focus on Nurses rather then public.
Members if ICN
130 national nurses association and 28 million nurses worldwide
Mission of ICN
Advance nursing profession and advocate for health and wellbeing of nurses
CRNS Sask Regulatory Body purpose
Accountable for ensuring public protection. Sets regulations for Saskatchewan nurses
How many members does CRNS have
12 000
CNA (Canadian nurses association)
Loads the development of health policy across Canada Represents 13 provinces and territories. The National Voice of nurses.
Who are the members of CNA
460 000 RN across Canada
What is the CNRS Practice Standards
Clinicians, Professional, Communicators, collaborators, coordinators, leaders, advocators, educators, scholars
Standard of Practice
Duty to provide, duty to care, duty to report
Skills and abilities to achieve competency
- cognitive
- Behavioural
- Communication
- Interpersonal
- Physical
- Sensory Perceptual
- Environmental
Primary Nursing values
- provide safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care
- Promote health and well being
- promote respect decision making
- honouring dignity
- maintain privacy and confidentiality
- promote justice
- be accountable
Clients right to know
Name, role, questions, complain
How to be a professional
risk and client care, duty to report, professional conduct, fit for practice
Only reasons not to give care
- unreasonable burden (threats)
- personal danger
- competencies
- Conscious objection
Duty to report
anything we see or do. we are obligated to do this.
Negligence claim requirements
these things must be proven:
1. defendant must owe the plaintiff a duty of care
2. defendant must breach standard of care
3. Plaintiff must suffer injury or loss
4. Defendant’s conduct must cause injury
Examples of breaches of care
Failure to communicate, monitor, maintain records, policy, intervene
4 elements of consent
Voluntary, competent, referable to treatment and provider, informed
Essential Aspects of Communication
Sender, message, receiver, response, feedback
Sender
shares roles with the receiver (encode info)
Receiver
listens, observes, decodes and clarifies
Message and channel
Several factors as to how to message is received or sent. A channel is the way a message is sent
Noise
physiological, psychological, environmental/external, somatic all have influences
Feedback
After the receiver interprets the message was sent and understood
5 levels of communication
Intrapersonal, transpersonal, interpersonal, small group, public
Intrapersonal communication
having our own attitude, opinion, values toward another. Thinking things for yourself
Transpersonal
Spirituality, discussing with patients
Interpersonal
2 people in communication
small group communication
good for support exchanging of ideas and information. This is dynamic.
Public communication
chances of miscommunication are higher
Non verbal communication
eye contact, gestures, proxemics, intimate space, personal space, public space, Facial expression
Conflict Management style
nonconfrontal, interpersonal, cooperative or assertive
Nonconfrontal conflict
Avoids conflict at all costs, 4 responses (Lose-lose)
1. placating: Avoid in fear of rejection
2. Distraction: Attempt to avoid tense stessful situations by using humour
3. computing: emotional detach
4. Physically removing selves, walk away (whatever)
Interpersonal conflict
Highly aggressive response from family or client
Cooperative or Assertiveness
Being able to say what you think or believe in an honest, direct way that respected
Assertive strategies
-control emotions
-self aware
-other orientated
-issue not person
-I language
-focus on shared interest
-monitor nonverbal behaviour
-brainstorm for solutions
-apologize
-present yourself as equal
Therapeutic relationship
Open ended questions, clarification, probing, paraphrasing, sharing observation, silence
Key things to remember when communicating with those who have speaking challenges
introduce yourself and what you are doing, actively listen, paraphrase, provide time for them to respond
Key things to remember when communicating with those who are dying
use normal tone, explain procedures, call by name, therapeutic touch, consider culture
Key things to remember when communicating with cognitive disability
identify preferred communication style, use aids, a normal tone, gentle questioning, monitor cues, no leader questions
Key things to remember when communicating with those who are visually challenged
Be sure they have their contacts or glasses at bedside. speed normally
Pre orientation
review charts, how to best communicate, being nonjudgemental
Orientation phase
introduce yourself, what you’re doing, how long it will take, ask your preferred name, clarify questions, confidentiality, permission
working phase
using communication strategies
termination
transfer, death, explain needs and care plan, be self aware when coping
URETY
S:sit at angle
U: uncross
R: Relax
E: eye contact
T: touch
Y: your intuition
Conscious competence model
unconscious incompetence: non-consistent unconscious communication
Conscious incompetency: made aware of failure expectation
unconscious competence: being unaware of the skills you’re using
conscious competence: communicates effectively uses ethical and proper behaviour
Reflexivity
reflecting on what you have learned
values
beliefs or attitudes about worth of a person, object, idea or action
Moral values
truth, integrity, honour, commitment, duty
Beliefs
What people accept to be true
Attitudes
mental feeling/position about a person, object, or idea
Value set
Small group of values someone holds
Value System
basics of behaviours of how life is lived
Professional Values
Nursing code of ethics, clients wellbeing, client, choice, privacy, confidential, respect, fairness, truth, commitment
clarifying client values
- list alternative actions
- examine possible consequences
- examine possible consequences
- feel goof about choice
- Affirm choice
- act on choice
- act consistently
Moral integrity
quality of ones character and integrated virtues including honest and truth
Moral dilemma
involves ethically conflicting claims
Moral Distress
person knows what is ethically right but cannot do it because of barriers
Moral Residue
Emotional responce a nurse carries on from ethical situation. A reflection of ethical decision
Agency advocating
acting within the agency to advocate for a patient
Activism advocacy
working for changes in the system making the patient feel supported
6 ethical principles
Autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity, veracity,
Autonomy
Individuals have the right to make their own decisions and we are to respect this
Nonmaleficence
duty to do no harm
Beneficence
Obligation to do good
Justice
fairness to all patients
fidelity
Faithful to agreement and process
veracity
telling the truth
Ethical responsibility
provide safe, compassionate, competent, ethical care, promote health and well being, promote respect informed decision making, honouring dignity, maintain privacy and confidentiality, promote justice, accountability
purpose of code of ethics
informs public, show professionalism, outlines major ethics, general guidance, self regulation, guidance in decision making
LEARN
L: listen to others
E: explain perception
A: acknowledge and discuss differences
R: Recommend alternatives
N: Negotiate agreement
Fit for practice
being sure you are in the right state to give safe, ethical, and competent care. Can be Physical, cognitive, psychological, emotional
4 components to fitness of practice
Can be Physical, cognitive, psychological, emotional
jurisprudence
refers to knowledge of the laws, regulations, and standards that relate to nursing practice
Burn out
an emotional state due to long- term stress, characterized by chronic emotional exhaustion, depleted energy, impaired enthusiasm and motivation to work, diminished work efficiency, adminished sense of personal accomplishment, pessimism, and cynicism
Compassion fatigue
another result of stress for many people ( particularly those in the humanitarian field) who hears stories of tragedy and loss.
Vicarious Trauma
Shift in how we view the world and our job because of a traumatic event
Common effects of Compassion fatigue
helps, hopeless, negative, self doubt, incompetence
strategies for stressful situations
-breaks
-realistic expectations
-listen and support team
-maintain healthy habbits
-techniques
-relationships
-ask for help
Aspects of self care
physical, emotional, spiritual, professional, social, finical. psychological
