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CNUR 102 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

what areas can harm effect

A

physical, emotional, social, spiritual

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2
Q

Harmful incident

A

results in harm to a patient

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3
Q

Near miss

A

a safety incident that did not reach the patient and therefore no harm resulted

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4
Q

No harm incident

A

A patient safety incident that reached the patient but did no cause harm

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5
Q

A system grounded on safety does what?

A

Recognizes risks and acts on them

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6
Q

Adverse event

A

unexpected and undesired effect during the process of providing care

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7
Q

Contributing factor

A

the reasons, situations, factors or latent conditions that cause an adverse event

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8
Q

Critical incident

A

A serious incident resulting in the loss of life or a body part

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9
Q

Disclosure

A

A caregivers well-defined communication process to inform the patient and their families of a safety issue

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10
Q

Incident

A

An event, process, or outcome that creates a risk for patients

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11
Q

Patient safety

A

A practice designed to promote positive patient outcomes by reducing and intercepting harmful acts

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12
Q

Root cause analysis

A

A systematic process of investigating a critical incident to determine the multiple, underlying, and casual factors

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13
Q

Risk

A

probability of danger, loss, or life-threatening injury within healthcare

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14
Q

Risk management

A

an organizational strategy designed to reduce and prevent adverse events or moderate the actual financial losses following undesired outcomes

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15
Q

System failure

A

describes the entirety of health care process, operation, or structure that causes the patient or health care workers injury or undesired outcome

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16
Q

Swiss cheese model

A

(James reason), Holes are the holes in the safeguard, Harmful events can pass through each layer of the system. It takes multiple failures to lead to a patients harm. A fault, breakdown, or dysfunction

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17
Q

Domino theory

A

(WH Heinrich), Safety events take form in falling dominos. Each time it passes through a system a domino falls causing the next to fall and the domino begins and is not stopped.

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18
Q

Iceberg model

A

(Mr Smith), Above the water are the easy things to see for example wrong sling to emergency stop not working, Just under water line is things that are uncovered with deeper investigation that are indirect like no policy, poor mechanical lift, the deeper it goes is the the root analysis like unit short staffed, budget cut

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19
Q

Quality improvement

A

A range of strategies and techniques that are designed to improve patient safety and quality across systems

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20
Q

4 approaches to quality improvement

A
  1. Scientific approach and evidence based
  2. Emphasis on system not individual people
  3. A team work
  4. Continuous
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21
Q

Root cause analysis Process

A

Gather info, initial understanding, additional information, literature review, timeline and final understanding, determine contributing factors and root causes, formulate casual statements, develop actions

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22
Q

Disclosure

A

-How incident was handled, future plans to minimize the event of occurring again, regret the event occurred

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23
Q

Canadian Interprofessional health collaborative framework competencies

A

Role clarification, team functioning, patient/family/community centred care, collaborative leadership, and inter interprofessional conflict resolution

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24
Q

Role clarification

A

Knowing your own role and the role of others, communicate roles, knowledge and skills, access others skills

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25
Q

Patient/Client/family/community-centred care

A

-supports participants/ families, educate them, listen to all parties

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26
Q

Team functioning

A

understand team development, develop a set of principles , participate in a respectful manner, establish and maintain relationship

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27
Q

collaborative leadership

A

work with others to enable effective outcomes and team process, collaborative practice, work together for quality improvement

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28
Q

Interprofessional communication

A

Listening to others, ensure common understanding, develop a trusting relationship

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29
Q

Interprofessional conflict

A

recognize conflict and work to address, safe diverse environment, many different views should be heard.

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30
Q

ISBARR

A

Identification, situation, background, assessment, recommend/request, repeat back

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31
Q

Identification

A

name, who you are and why you are calling

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32
Q

Background

A

Admitted with (only what applies)

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33
Q

Situation

A

Current condition (what it is, why it is, how to serve) why you need them

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34
Q

Assessment

A

What the problem is (changes and stability)

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35
Q

Recommend/Request

A

What should be done?

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36
Q

Repeat back

A

To conform

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37
Q

Team work communication principles

A

ISBARR, Creating a healthy work environment, Barrier to professional communication, transforming the workplace environment

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38
Q

Creating a healthy work environment

A

civility is at the heart of this, CREST, (respect, engagement, support),

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39
Q

Barriers to professional communication

A

Incivilty is the most common barrier. Related to lateral violence, horizontal violence, relational aggression, and bullying

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40
Q

Transforming a work environment

A

effective and respectful communication is one approach to establishing civility

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41
Q

Communication styles

A

Nonconfrontal, cooperative and assertive strategies

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42
Q

Nonconfrontal

A

1.Placating: avoid conflict
2. Distracting: Attempt to avoid by being disruptive
3. Computing: Emotionally detaching from conflict. Being unapproachable.
4. Withdrawing: Responding in a negative way. “whatever” or sarcastic

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43
Q

Cooperative and assertive strategies

A
  1. controls emotions
  2. Self aware
    3.others oriented
  3. Focus on the issue not personality
  4. Use I language
  5. Focus on shared interest
  6. monitor your nonverbal behaviour
  7. Brainstorm for possible solution
  8. Apologize
  9. Present yourself as equal rather then superior
  10. seek collaboration
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44
Q

What is inter professional Collaboration

A

everyone sharing one interest working together as a team to come up with the best patient outcomes

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45
Q

Patient Safety

A

The reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within healthcare, best practice to lead better patient outcomes

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46
Q

Patient Incident

A

Event or circumstance that can or will result in harm

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47
Q

Evidence-informed practice

A

Professional Practice should be based on the best available research evidence applied conjunction with client preferences, context, available resources, and practitioner expertise

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48
Q

Steps in EIP

A
  1. reflection
  2. framing the question
  3. searching for the literature
  4. Critical appraisal of the research literature
  5. Synthesis of findings from the divergent literature
  6. adaption of findings to practice
  7. Implementation of practice change
  8. Evaluation
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49
Q
  1. reflection
A

reflect on what topic you will choose. It is important to use proper terms and thin of things as a whole

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50
Q

2.framing the question

A

Think about all the different aspects that come into play. What are the different ways you can phrase it.
PICO
P: Client, population, participants
I: Intervention
C: Comparison
O: Outcome

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51
Q

The 6S Pyramid

A

-System, summaries, synopses of synthesis, synthesis, synopses of studies, studies

52
Q

systems

A

client records and guidelines for care, give patient info. Found on the web.

53
Q

Summaries

A

Text based and related to a specific disease or condition.

54
Q

Synopses

A

brief report on the study, key method and results.

55
Q

Synthesis

A

Systemic reviews that could be found on a particular focused question

56
Q

Studies

A

THE GREATEST RANGE OF INFORMATION IS FOUND, related to particular focused questions

57
Q
  1. Critical Appraisal of research literature
A

-Even peer-reviewed can have questionable methods
-Trusted source with a medical journal
-The process of deciding whether a journal is reliable or not

58
Q
  1. Synthesis of findings from divergent literature
A

Systemic reviews:
-recent date
-review recent research
-High-quality information

Primary Studies:
-looking up the primary studies that were applied

59
Q
  1. Adaption of finding to practice
A

“can I use this research with my clients?” look at participants in the study.

60
Q
  1. Implement of practice change
A

What is the message?
To whom is the audience?
By whom is the messenger?
How transfer method?
With what expected impact evaluation?
-accepting change in practice

61
Q
  1. Evaluation
A

evaluate any changes in client outcome

62
Q

How do Nurses use evidence in practice

A

They use trusted sources to advance patient outcomes. They introduce, change, see impact and outcome and adjust from there

63
Q

Steps in conducting research

A
  1. define question
  2. Conduct literature review
  3. Develop methods, info, and consent letters
  4. Get ethics approval
  5. Collect data
  6. Analyze data
  7. Write report
  8. Disseminate report
64
Q

Regarding cultural safety what are nurses obligations

A

-Do not discriminate
-Respect unique history and interests
-do not engage in any form of lying, torture or punishment
-Aware of social positioning and attitude

64
Q

Ethnicity

A

encompasses many different aspects such as race, organ, ancestry, identifying language, nationality, religion

65
Q

What is a problem occurrence with ethnicity

A

people often assume what PEOPLE EAT, how their family functions, how death is ritualized, but it is more complex

66
Q

what are 3 approaches to culture in healthcare

A

Cultural sensitivity, cultural competence, and cultural safety

67
Q

aspects of Cultural sensitivity

A

-Diversity between groups
-People often disagree with assigned classification
-Many people do not do cultural practices
-not falsely assuming things
-Some cultural groups may find categorizing offensive
-Focuses on tightening emphasis on individuals, often in isolation of and over looking the broader context if peoples lives
-sensitivity and tolerability

68
Q

definition of cultural safety

A

Being aware that cultural differences and similarities between people exist without assigning them a value – positive or negative, better or worse, right or wrong.

69
Q

Cultural Competence

A

-understanding different cultures beliefs, values, and practices. Competence in learning about yourself, biases, and knowledge

70
Q

Cultural safety

A

Dynamic and ever changing. Actively addressing inequitable power dynamics. Counteracts injustice. Refers to how a group is treated. Social, economic, influence on health. Individual discrimination. “Demeaned, disempowered, diminished” Reflection is essential

71
Q

Health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

72
Q

Wellness

A

Evolving process of becoming aware and making choices toward fulfilling sense of individual life accomplishments. Physical and mental

73
Q

wellbeing

A

presence of the highest quality of life

74
Q

disease

A

the physiological deviation from normal that therefore objective or measurable

75
Q

Illness

A

the subjective experience of living with a disease or condition and its accompany symptoms

76
Q

Domains of wellness

A

Emotional, intellectual, occupational, physical, sexual, spiritual, environmental, social,

77
Q

Emotional wellness

A

Understanding feelings and controlling them when necessary. Ex if someone is being rude to you and you get upset you are able to contain yourself

78
Q

Intellectual wellness

A

the attaining of knowledge and the realization of creative potential are priority, and the ability to use critical thinking. Ex. in a pressure situation you can use your knowledge to make a good decision

79
Q

Occupational wellness

A

-specifically to the value that individuals place on work whether paid or volunteer
-being satisfied through serving others
-Feeling satisfaction from giving your patient a dressing change

80
Q

Sexual wellness

A

an approach to sexuality founded in accurate knowledge, personal awareness, and self acceptance such as ones behaviour, values, and emotions
-Central aspect of being human through out life that encompasses sex, gender, and identity
ex. accepting that you are a female

81
Q

Spiritual wellness

A

holistic view of an individual, the person as a mingling of mind body and spirit
-I am a Christian and I choose to live my life like one

82
Q

Environmental

A

use and need of nature resources, connected to the social determinants of health, health has to do with the environment.
Ex. if you have unhealthy living conditions then your health will have an effect

83
Q

Social wellness

A

-concerns the relationship of the individual to others or the environment
Aspects: respect, cooperation, support and communication skills
ex. I have no friends because I can’t communicate in a healthy way

84
Q

Acute illness vs Chronic

A

Acute illnesses generally develop suddenly and last a short time, often only a few days or weeks. Chronic conditions develop slowly and may worsen over an extended period of time—months to years.

85
Q

describe the effects of illness on the roles and functions of individuals and families

A

3 factors they can effect
1) A family member who is ill
2) The seriousness and length of illness
3) Culture and social customs the family follows
-role changes
-task demand and time
-increased stress
-responsibility
-finances
-Loneliness
-change in social customs

86
Q

describe how self-concept relates to health and illness

A

self-perceptions, appearance values, and beliefs that influence behaviour and are referred to when using the word I or me. It is Influences because illness can have a big impact on many of these contributors and effect your life in a Jurassic way

87
Q

Self knowledge

A

inside into ones abilities, nature, and limitations

88
Q

Self expectation

A

what one expects of oneself may be realistic or unrealistic

89
Q

Social Self

A

how a persona perceives society

90
Q

social Evaluation

A

The appraisal of oneself in relationship to others, events, or situations

91
Q

Maslows heiarchy of needs

A

Physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, Self actualization

92
Q

Physiological needs

A

Food, warmth, water, rest what we need to survive

93
Q

Safety needs

A

what we need to stay safe

94
Q

Beloning and love needs

A

Intimate relationships and friends

95
Q

Esteem needs

A

Prestige and feeling of accomplishment

96
Q

Self actualization

A

Achieving your full potential including creative activities

97
Q

Models of wellness

A

Clinical model, Role performance model, Adaptive model, Eudaimonistic model, AGEN-HOST-ENVIRONEMENT, illness-wellness,

98
Q

Clinical model

A

Newest interpretation of health, views people physiological, identifies absence of illness and injury. Focusing on the relief of pain and symptoms.

99
Q

Role performance model

A

People who can fulfill their roles are healthy even if they have clinical illness

100
Q

Adaptive model

A

health is a creative process, disease is a failure in adaption. extreme good health is flexible adaption to the environment and interaction with the max advantage. Stability through growth and change.

101
Q

Eudaemonistic model

A

Comprehensive view of health. health is the actualization or realization of a persons potential. Actualization (complete development). Ilness prevents this. Goal directed behaviour, self care, satisfying relationships

102
Q

Agent-host-environemnet model

A

risk factors. Promote and maintain health.
1. agent: any envornemntal factor or stressor
2. host: A person or people who may or may not be at risk of requiring a disease
3. Environmental: Includes all factors external to the host that may or may not cause them to develop a disease

103
Q

Critical thinking

A

assess, analyze, and process. Guided my client situation and needs, becomes easier with practice. actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action

104
Q

Reflection

A

taking the bigger picture and understanding all of its consequences, thinking deeply about something

105
Q

Reflexion

A

the fact of someone being able to examine their own feelings, reactions, and motives (= reasons for acting) and how these influence what they do or think in a situation: Thinking back how can I do better.

106
Q

describe the historical context and evolution of health care in Canada

A

head evolved to the comprehensive, accessible, and universal health services. Even before confederation in 1867 C Indians struggled to build a health care that was cosial, economic, and technological. Post confederation there has ben a process of outlining jurisdiction and delivery

107
Q

Canada Health Act (1984)

A

protect, promote, and restore physical and mental wellbeing and to facilitate reasonable access to health services Gave access to universal coverage to all Canadians.

108
Q

differentiate the five pillars of the Canada Health Act

A

Public administration, Comprehension, Universality, portability, accessibility.

109
Q

Public administration

A

each province has Canadas health care system, not-for-profit. Each province is accountable to respect this.

110
Q

Comprehensive

A

must cover al services provided by hospitals. Services must be equal to all. Insurance plans available. Equal opportunity for everyone

111
Q

Universality

A

Residents must register with their respective government following you are eligible to receive free healthcare

112
Q

Portability

A

when moving from province to province they will receive healthcare

113
Q

Accessibility

A

Protects all people of Canada from extra charge for health career from discrimincation. Reasonable access.

114
Q

Provincal/territorial roles

A

the provincial and territorial governments are responsible for the management, organization and delivery of health care services for their residents

115
Q

Federal Roles

A

The federal government is responsible for: setting and administering national standards for the health care system through the Canada Health Act.

116
Q

Healthcare reform

A

A general term that refers to discussion about change to and creation of healthy policy

117
Q

Publicly funded health challenges

A

lack of health promotion and disease prevention, lack of continuity among providers and institutions, health sustain access, and quality of work.

118
Q

Primary healthcare

A

services that play a part in health. Including health promotion, illness, and injury prevention and treatment of illness

119
Q

Secondary healthcare

A

specialized referals

120
Q

Tertiary health care

A

specialized supports and resource, Specialized intensive care unit, advanced services.

121
Q

Population health

A

The improving of social determinants of health from the perspective of a nation.

122
Q

Health promotion

A

Enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. Action takes place where people live, work, play, and love

122
Q

5 principles of primary healthcare

A

-accessibility
-active public participation
-health promotion and chronic -disease prevention and management -the use of appropriate technology and innovation
-intersectoral cooperation and collaboration.

123
Q

Steps to root cause analysis

A

Define the problem.
Collect data.
Identify causal factors.
Identify root cause(s).
Implement solutions

CNUR 102 (2 decks)

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