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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is Equity

A

Equitable treatment involves giving different supports to make it possible for each person of different needs to receive equal see access

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2
Q

What is Equality

A

When a systematic barrier has been removed, so that every person with different needs may be accommodated

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3
Q

What is person first language

A

Refers to a person, firstly by their name

Highlights that all children are children

All children have multiple ways that an is there for identifying a child only by his or her exceptionality’s overlooked other aspects of the child

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4
Q

What is the medical model?

A

Differences is often seen as negative
Disability indicates a deficiency
Problems reside in the individual
Problems in the individual need to be fixed

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5
Q

What is the social model?

A

Differences are seen as positive
Disabilities are natural differences
Problems/barriers reside in society
Society needs to make adjustments (physical, social. Ect.)

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6
Q

What is universal design?

A

It’s not one size fits all but alternatives designed from the beginning not added on later. Increases access opportunities.

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7
Q

What is ableism?

A

Stereotyping, negative attitudes and discrimination towards people, based on a physical or mental disability in favour of the able-bodied

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8
Q

What are Visible in nonvisible disabilities

A

People with a disability one can see are often subject to discrimination from the get-go

People with disabilities others cannot see your often force to explain themselves people.

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9
Q

Inclusion in landscapes

A

Physical space
Ramps, wide enough doors, curb, cuts
Physical accessibility should be the default not an afterthought

Social space
Lack of people with disabilities and media, lack of awareness of disability issues in general

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10
Q

Ableism and cultural denial

A

Privilege
Privilege in space ramps in back versus stairs in front (not having to think about the issue)
Reinforcing out of sight out of mind cultural attitudes

Cost of change
Attitudes towards money put towards these needs
Money is power

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11
Q

What is the medical model of disability?

A

The medical model sees the disabled person as the problem

The focus is often on the persons disability rather than their needs

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12
Q

What is the social model of disability?

A

Discrimination of the disabled is socially created

Barriers. Such as fear, ignorance, and prejudice are the real “disabilities”

Discrimination of disabled is institutional, and as fundamental to our society that sexism or racism

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13
Q

What is the appropriate reference disability or handicap?

A

Disability

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14
Q

What term is used to describe those without disability? normal or typical

A

Typical

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15
Q

What is a learning disability?

A

Learning disabilities can affect the way in which a person takes in remembers, understands and expresses information

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16
Q

Are people with learning disabilities intelligent?

A

Yes, people with learning disabilities are intelligent, and have abilities to learn despite difficulties and processing information, they can succeed with solid coping strategies

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17
Q

Someone with a learning disability, will have difficulties in one or many of the following:

A

Auditory perceptual skills
Visual
Processing
Organization
Memory
Fine motor skills
Gross motor skills
Social competence

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18
Q

What is auditory perceptual skills? 

A

Understanding what we hear

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19
Q

What is visual LD

A

Understanding what we see

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20
Q

What is processing LD

A

Time it takes to understand the info

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21
Q

What is organization? LD

A

Keeping info in the right place

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22
Q

What is memory? LD

A

Short and long-term storage/retrieval

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23
Q

What is fine motor skills LD

A

Legible and effective writing communication

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24
Q

What is gross motor skills LD?

A

Control of body parts in walking, playing, etc.

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25
What is social competence? LD
Appropriate social interactions
26
The Canadian Human rights Act:1978-177
Gave persons with disabilities right to be free from discrimination when employed by or receiving services from the federal government, first nations government, or private companies that are federally regulated.
27
Canadian charter of rights and freedom: 1982
Right to be treated equally under the law
28
Education act
A special education program is defined as an education program that is based on and modified by the results of a continuous assessment and evaluation of the pupil and that includes a plan(IEP) containing specific objectives, and an outline of the educational services that meets the needs of the exceptional people.
29
Ontario human rights code
Guarantees the right to equal treatment in education without discrimination, on the grounds of disability
30
What are Ontario human rights 17 grounds of discrimination
Race, ancestry, ethnic origin, religion/creed, disability, sex, record of offenses, place of origin, citizenship, receipt of public assistance, sexual orientation, color, family status, marital status, age, gender identity, gender expression
31
Ontario with disabilities act
Under this landmark legislation, the government of Ontario will develop mandatory accessibility standards that will identify remove and prevent barriers for people with disabilities in key areas of daily living
32
______ of all children and adolescents experience mental health difficulties
1/5 or 20%
33
Shower head processing metaphor
If you have a shower head pouring water down but the drain is slow all the at water will build up and then eventually go down with time. When Processing is slow it’s like everything is building up but with Enough time the water will go down
34
What kind of medication is used for ADHD
Stimulant medication
35
What part of the brain is found to have a delay in ADHD
At the front of the brains outer mantle (cortex)
36
Treatment approaches for ADHD
Medical-side effects behaviour therapy structure diet exercise
37
ADHD had less ______ of neural connections
density
38
Reasons ADHD Children Misbehave
Frustration because they have a different perception of the situation Lack of structure They act the role of being bad They don’t know how to ask to get what they need so they act out. The classroom is full of distractions The child feels misunderstood Hunger They feel overwhelmed with tasks assigned They feel criticized They are struck in the victim cycle
39
Gifted (Renzullis definition)
Above average ability, creativity, task commitment
40
Oppositional Defiant Disorder is
Aggression Purposefulness Argumentive
41
Child with ODD will actively….
Annoys, disobey, blames, spiteful, vindictive, loses temper
42
Social Anxiety Disorder
A persons, fear anxiety be out of portion in frequency, and or duration to the actual situation . The symptoms must be persistent, lasting six months or longer
43
Conduct Disorder
“Disruptive behaviour disorder” Repeatedly violated the rules, age appropriate society norms or the rights of others Aggression against people or animals Property destruction Lying or theft Serious rule violation
44
Developmental Progression of conduct problems behaviours Probabilistic progress Preschool to adolescence
Oppositional: Argues, Bragging, demands attention, disobeys at home, impulsive, temper tantrum’s, stubborn, teases, loud Offensive: Cruelty, disobeys at school, screams, poor peer relations, fights, sulks, swears, lying Delinquent Sets fires, steals outside, alcohol/Drug use, truancy, runs away, vandalism
45
Children’s mental health Ontario What are the 3 strategic Pillars
Children and families first Quality services within a quality system Mobilizing for sustained Impact
46
Autism spectrum disorder DSM Criteria
Impairment in social interaction Impairment in communication Presence of restricted, repetitive behaviour Spectrum: variability within and across these areas
47
What are RRB’s
Restrictive, repetitive behaviours
48
Severity levels for Autism spectrum disorder
Level 1: Requiring support Level 2: Requiring substantial support Level 3: Requiring very substantial support
49
How it Autism Diagnosed
Play ruling out hearing impairment, behaviour disorders, or eccentric habits before we rule in
50
First signs of Autism
Eye contact Visual tracking Disengagement of visual attention Orienting to name Imitation Social smiling Reactivity, social interest, and effect Sensory behaviours
51
Phenotype: social interaction
Younger children may have little or no interest in establishing friendship Older May have an interest in friendship but lack an understanding of social convention and how to interact Often an individual’s awareness of others in markedly impaired demonstrating no concept of the needs and interests of others appearing oblivious to others
52
Phenotype: communication
When speech does develop, pitch, intonation, rate, rhythm, or stress may be abnormal Grammatical, structure is often immature, stereotyped or idiosyncratic Disturbance in pragmatic/social use of language is evident by inability to integrate words with gestures, or understand, humor, or non-literal speech/irony/implied meanings Mission of players, often absent or markedly impaired
53
Phenotype: stereotyped behaviors, and activities
Insistence on sameness A markedly restricted range of interest Stereotyped, body movements, and postural abnormalities Preoccupation with parts of objects Fascination with movement Highly attached inanimate objects
54
Proprioceptive Activities
Body awareness
55
Hypo sensitive
Under responsive
56
Hyper sensitive
Over responsiveness
57
Theory of mind
Our ability to explain, and predict other peoples behaviour by attributing to them. Independent mental states.
58
What are Pecs
Picture Exchange communication system
59
7 important social skills for kids
Sharing, cooperating, listening, following directions, respecting personal space, making eye Contact using manners
60
Intellectual disabilities range from
Profound to mild Mild- no higher then concrete operational Moderate- pre operational Sever and profound- sensorimotor
61
Prader Willi Syndrome-Congenital In infancy
· Low muscle tone (Floppy) · Poor sucking reflex (Failure to thrive) · Poor weight gain
62
Prader Willi Syndrome-Congenital Late infancy
· Overeating- Always feels hungry • Dysfunction of Hypothalamus
63
Prader Willi Syndrome-Congenital in childhood
· Morbid Obesity • Type 2 diabetes, Obstructive sleep Apne · Physical Features • Face: almond- shaped eyes, narrow forehead, thin upper lip • Small hands & feet · Developmental delay · Low IQ
64
Hypothalamus
· Issues secreting…. • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormones • Growth Hormone releasing hormone
65
Fragile X syndrome-
Boys inherited Mutated X chromosome
66
Phenylketonuria(PKU)
PKU is a inherited condition Body cant breakdown Phe (found in protein)
67
Down Syndrome
Genetic Risk increases with mothers age Born with extra chromosome
68
Malleability
The brain has significant “plasticity,” meaning that it is able to change and adapt. Our environment has been shown to play a SIGNIFICANT ROLE in determining our IQ.
69
Universal Design Guidelines
· Multiple Means of Representation · Multiple Means of Expression · Multiple Means of Engagement
70
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
The core concept of UDL is a teaching strategy that is effective for some, and will be beneficial to all. UDL comprises instructional and assessment strategies, materials, and tools that respond to the special education needs of a specific student or group of students.
71
Differentiated Instruction (DI)
Focusses on specific strengths interests, learning styles, and needs of individual student
72
Least Restrictive Environment
LRE) means that to the maximum extent appropriate, children with disabilities, including children in public or private institutions or other care facilities, are educated with children who are not disabled, and that special classes, separate schooling or other removal of children with disabilities from the regular educational environment occurs only when the nature or severity of the disability is such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily.
73
The vestibular system
In the inner ear brainstem
74
What is dyslexia
A Child who often mixes upper confuses letters, and may have a hard time with reading or writing tasks.
75
Comorbidity
An overlap of two or more disorders present at the same time
76
What is stimming
restrictive repetitive behaviours or RRBs
77
Vestibular system
Responsible for a sense of balance, and is centred in are in a year
78
Dysgraphia
Child has an inability to write in a straight line and difficulty controlling a writing tool. They may have this.
79
Dyscalculia
Learning disorder that affects the persons ability to understand number-based information about math
80
ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder
81
Oppositional, defiant disorder
A child is frequently argumentative deliver it to flee, annoying, despiteful and reductive, and may be notified with this disorder
82
What is an IEP
Individual education plan
83
What is IpRC
Identification placement review committee
84
Five categories of exceptionality
Behavior, communication, physical, intellectual, multiple
85
Conduct disorder
I Child who hurts animal set fires and damages. Properties may be identified as this disorder.
86
Etiology
Medical term for the set of causes that may lead to a disorder
87
Echolalia
The way a child meet imitate speech,heard, movies, TV shows or other people
88
Proprioception
Term for a persons, body awareness, how much force to use or position in space
89
Reticular activating system
The part of the brain, that if under overstimulated may lead to less gymnastic density
90
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy may lead to this which affects development of the brain which may cause skeletal malformation in early pregnancy
91
Fragile X syndrome traits
Normal structure, brought for head, elongated face, large prominent ears, strabismus (cross eyes), highly arched palates, hyperextended joints, hand calluses, pectus excavatum (indented chest), mitral valve prolapse (heart condition) enlarged testicles, hypotonia (low muscle tone), soft fleshy skin, flat feet, seizures
92
Down syndrome-genetic
Growth failure mental retardation Flat back of head Abnormal ears Many loops on finger tips palm crease Special skin ridge patterns Unilateral or bilateral absence of one rib Intensional blockage Umbilical hernia Abnormal pelvis Diminished muscle tone Brod flat face slanting eyes Epicanthic eyefold Short nose Short nose Short and broad hands Small and arched palate Big wrinkled toungue Dental anomalies Congenital heart disease Enlarged colon Big toes widely Spaced
93
Distribution of IQ and children with__________ is as wide as in typical developing children
Down syndrome
94
Five different levels of responsibility and education system
Teacher, principal, superintendent, Director, trustee
95
PIC
Parent Involvement Committie
96
Special education programs
Are set up to support the learning goals of students with unique learning needs. The program is based on ongoing assessment and evaluation and modified as need to meet changing need.
97
Special education services
Refers to specific resources, equipment, and special support people. They are to support the overall program and needs of student.
98
The five types of special education placements
Ragular class with indirect support Regular class with resource assistance Regular class with withdrawal assistance Special education class with partial integration Full time special education class

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