Midterm Flashcards
triumph
Who Built it: Began with Romulus
Purpose/Function: Triumph is a celebration march following a victory from the leading general. A person who celebrates the triumph is a trumpeter and becomes the highest class. This march also goes throughout Rome. There is a triumphal arch on the triumphal route,
Where: All throughout Rome on the triumphal route
When: 8th century BC
Larger Significance: religious procession, would march this route to praise and thank Jupiter
obelisk
Who Built it: Augustus brought from Egypt
Purpose/Function: specific one isused to figure out the days of the year, casts a shadow on the ground at noon to show what day, many obleisks are decorations in an area, tall pointed pillar
Where: from Egypt, brought multiple from egypt and set up all over rome
When:1st century BC
Larger Significance: brought from egypt and used in rome, augustus showed how he conquered this area and proved it by bringing these to rome
pontifex maximus
Who Built it: Early people in rome came up with the title
Purpose/Function: sacred office, Augustus assumes this role in his lifetime, head priest of Roman system, elected office, powerful office, this person would choose the vestil virgins
Where: in Rome
When: Augustus adopted this title in the 1st century BC
Larger Significance: showed how religious leaders had political power
pediment
Who Built it: ancient greeks used pediments and then was adopted by romans for things such as the building of the pantheon
Purpose/Function: A triangle shape created by the roof, a sculpture is usually placed here, this is usually found above a column, made from 2 sloping cornices
Where: part of doric and ionic orders
When: pediments seen in building as early as 6th century BC
Larger Significance: decorative for the builidng
spolia
Who Built it: architectures used spolia for decorations
Purpose/Function: reused pieces of something for a new purpose, colored columns and stones created this way
Where: examples of this seen on the arch of constantine
When: 4th century
Larger Significance: not original architecture but using previous peices in a new way
basilica
Who Built it: Septemius Severus began construction, Caracella completed it
Purpose/Function: used for civic purposes in ancient rome, later used for chirstian worship, public building for legal and other civic proceedings, rectangular,
Where: many, but first was in the east end of the roman forum
When: 3rd century BC
Larger Significance: multiple purposes, structure modified when it went from a public space for civil proceedings to a religious space during the reign of constantine
damnatio memoriae
Who Built it: Caligula suffered this first, seneatorial decree
Purpose/Function: senatorial decree damning a persons memory, those who suffered this had their portraits destoryed ir defaced and their names erased from public monuments, when domitian died the senate condemned his memory, Caligula suffered this first
Where: Roman Senate
When: 1st century AD
Larger Significance: That person was a ruler, but was erased from history, buildings erected in their honor were redirected and their statues had the heads removed and new ones placed on top, try to erase this person from history
acanthus
Who Built it: plant, but also carved by sculptors
Purpose/Function: acanthus leaves, weed that grows with big leaves, used by the Romans as oriental leaves, often carved into art, example is on the Altar of peace
Where: plant but also found in the corinthean order capital
When: first used by greeks and eventually used in roman art on friezes
Larger Significance: symbolized sense of hope because it returns each year
baths of agrippa
Who built it: Agrippa
Purpose/Function: giant spa complex, socialization
Where: Campus Martius
When: 1st century BC
Larger Significance: first public baths made in Rome, before this only private baths existed and you had to pay
Theater of Pompey
Who built it: Pompey
Purpose/Function: built it as his own monument, built out of tuff and concrete, 4 sided colonnade and planted trees around it to create shade
Where: in a flood plain, Campus Martius
When: 1st century BC
Larger Significance: first permanent theater built in massive flood plain
Arch of Constantine
Who built it: Constantine
Purpose/Function: triumphal arch on the triumphal route, built after his victory, triple passageway, largest erected in rome since the severen dynasty, shows battles from war on the frieze, has emperor on top,
Where: placed near the sun god statue, in the shadow of the colosseum
When: 3rd century
Larger Significance: first arch to openly commemorate a victory over another roman, honored a god but did not name it making us believe it is the christian god, parts of arch were from reused things, some taken from the monuments of trajan
markets of trajan
Who built it: Appollodorus
Purpose/Function: vertical high rises built of concrete, no one knows what these were used for, could have been an administrative center
Where: Quirinal Hill overlooking the forum
When: 2nd century AD
Larger Significance: transformation of a natural slope to a multilevel complex using concrete
Flavian Amphitheater
Who built it: Vespasian
Purpose/Function: Colosseum, largest arena for gladitorial combats and other lavish spectacles, name is because of its location next to the Colossus of Nero, animal hunts, gladiators were professional fights usually slaves, owners rented them out for profit, often become disguised executions (criminals sent without training and were killed)
Where: artificial lake on grounds of Nero’s Domus Aurea, next to colossus of Nero
When: 1st century AD
Larger Significance: built with concrete, largest and most important ampitheater in the world, spectacles held here greater than anywhere else
Pantheon
Who built it: Agrippa,
Purpose/Function: circular structure, temple, destroyed by a fire and rebuilt by domitian, caught fire again, reconstruction started by trajan and finished by hadrian, housed statue of the gods and the living emperor, now used as a church, 3 pantheons, open dome for natural light to come in
Where: Campus martius
When:1st century BC
Larger Significance: best preserved building in antiquity, most influential designs in architect history, ancient worlds largest dome
Roman Forum
Who built it: Augustus, paid homage to his adoptive father by completing some of caesars projects in the forum
Purpose/Function: major public ceremonial square of the city, had houses within, temples erected here, Augustus made his fathers shrine a center piece to the forum
Where: between the palatine and capitoline hil
When:1st century BC
Larger Significance: Augustus paid homage to adoptive father by completing this projects
Temple of Divus Julius
Who built it: Augustus
Purpose/Function: honor his father Julius Ceasar
Where: Roman Forum, center
When:1st century BC
Larger Significance: part of the forum along with other temples allowed this space to be a venerable center to roman public life
Column of Trajan
Who built it: Trajan
Purpose/Function: built for Trajan when he was emperor, product of warfare, symbol of victory, Trajan burried inside, 128 ft tall, toped with statue of emperor at one point, statue of st peter replaced it,
Where: roman forum
When: 2nd century AD
Larger Significance: Most poeple buried outside of town, big deal that trajan was buried here, reliefs covering the column, low reliefs here showing the war, symbolizes warefare and victory
