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History 152 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Renaissance?

A

The “rebirth” of art, science, and society and philosophy. Rebirth of Greek and Roman civilization.

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2
Q

What is the French Revolution?

A

Took place during the Enlightenment. The French Revolution was started because the royalty was not taking care of the citizens, and the citizens fought back.

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3
Q

What is the Enlightenment?

A

The age of reasoning. Science, thought, and logic.

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4
Q

Who are philosophes?

A

Also known as philosophers. Philosophes were very well educated and did not approve of what was happening with the church and king. They put their faith in reason and logic.

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5
Q

What was Utopia?

A

Written by Thomas Moore. Book about a perfect society with no slaves, King/Queen, and every one is equal (everyone wears the same clothes, hair, house, etc.).

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6
Q

What is the Forbidden City?

A

Built as a Ming Dynasty project on an old palace. It is a huge block of buildings that housed the emperor, his family, and the servants (eunuchs).

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7
Q

What is the Protestant Reformation?

A

The point in European history where people began to go against the Catholic Church. There were 3 corrupt popes fighting for power, the bible was printed for public reading, Catholic Church started holding the inquisition (death if accused of being a witch).
A young priest named Martin Luther translates the bible into German.
Henry the VIII creates a new religion called Protestantism so he can be divorced.

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8
Q

Commitee of Public Safety

A

Maximillien Robespierre’s government during the Reign of Terror at the height of the French Revolution.

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9
Q

Who was Henry VIII?

A

The King of England from (1504-1547). He created Protestantism so he is able to divorce. The first protestant church is the Church of England.

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10
Q

What is the inquisition?

A

Many people were persecuted for being witches started in Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella. Those who were accused of being witches were those who questioned the church’s authority and/or did anything the church did not approve.

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11
Q

What is the encyclopedia?

A

A book written by philosophers which shows illustrations on everyday life.

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12
Q

What was the Ming dynasty? Who was a part of it?

A

The Ming Dynasty lasted from (1369-1644) and is the second to the last royal dynasty in China.
Emperor Hongwu is the founder of the Ming dynasty.
Emperor Yongle is a very young ruler and chooses a man to explore.
Zheng He is chosen to explore for the Chinese and he was not actually chinese, he was Muslim.
The forbidden city and great wall is built during the Ming Dynasty.

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13
Q

Who is Maximillen Robespierre?

A

The leader of France after the death of King Louis XVI and Marie Antionette.
He called himself the “Incorruptable”.
Had no respect whatsoever for royals and the church. He banned calling people Mr. or Mrs., changed the days of the week, months, and festivals.
His government was called the “Commitee of Public Safety”

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14
Q

Who was Marie Antionette?

A

Royal from Austria betroved to King Louis XVI. Had a very awkward relationship with the King. She seemingly did not want a lavish lifestyle and had fake farms/country buildings made for her.

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15
Q

What is Malleus Maleficarum?

A

First book on “How to Hunt Witches” was the second bestseller after the bible.

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16
Q

What is the guillotine?

A

Seemingly the most humane way to kill a person. Invention which cut off the heads of it’s victims.

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17
Q

What is the Tennis Court Oath?

A

Members of the Third estate (common people of France) who gathered together to make their own government.

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18
Q

What is the Great Schism?

A

The point in the Renaissance where there were 3 popes; one in Rome, one in Avignon, France, and one in Pisa, Italy.

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19
Q

Who was Charlotte Corday?

A

A young Girondin woman who murdered Jean Paul Marat in his bath.

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20
Q

Who was Jean Paul Marat?

A

Leader of the Jacobins. He hated rich people and was banned from basically all of Europe. He lived in the catacombs (underground France) to hide from all authority.

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21
Q

What were the 95 theses?

A

The 95 reasons why Martin Luther was angry with the Catholic Church.

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22
Q

Who was John Calvin?

A

Created Calvinism, a form of Protestantism. Continued Martin Luther’s legacy of protestant reformations; made Protestantism more strict - no sexy, no skin, no show of wealth whatsoever, no dancing, etc.

23
Q

What was considered witchcraft?

A

Those who were accused of being witches were those who questioned the church’s authority and/or did anything the church did not approve.

24
Q

What was significant of the Bastille?

A

The storming of the Bastille was the official start of the violence of the French Revolution. Bastille was a prison where gunpowder was held and people were so angry they stormed into the prison, ceased any weapons they could find and chopped off the guard’s heads and paraded them on sticks.

25
Q

Who was Benjamin Franklin?

A

The first american ambassador to France. He traveled to France very frequently and brought many enlightenment ideas to the United States.

26
Q

What is the Festival of the Supreme Being?

A

Maximillien Robespierre’s festival for himself where he would dress as Julius Caesar and rise out of a man-made mountain.

27
Q

What are the Three Estates?

A

The first estate: The Clergy (church people) 130,000.
The second estate: The nobility (royals) 350,000.
The third estate: Everyone else (commoners) 80% or more of the population.

28
Q

What are papal indulgences?

A

When you donated to the church, you were given a notice (paper) that you are going to heaven because you donated to the church.

29
Q

What is humanism?

A

The way people thought and did are during the Renaissance. The rebirth of art, science, society, and philosophy. Usually pulls from Greek and Roman civilizations.

30
Q

Who was Anne Boelyn?

A

Second wife of Henry VIII. Divorce was created for her. She could not produce a son so she was executed by Henry VIII for adultery.

31
Q

Who is Pu Yi?

A 
The last ruler of China. He was taken away at 3 years old.
Overthrown twice
Raised by eunuchs
Did not know anything going on in China
Had no followers
32
Q

What is foot binding?

A

Women were subjected to footbinding to represent a curled lotus flower.
One of the only ways a woman could marry a rich family.
Only a woman’s husband was able to touch her feet.

33
Q

Who was Zheng He?

A

The first Chinese to explore he was not actually Chinese, but he was a Muslim.
He was also a eunuch.
He travels with thousands of ships and travels cross Asia to the Middle East to Africa.

34
Q

Who was Thomas Moore?

A

Humanist writer from the Renaissance who wrote the book Utopia. Utopia is about a perfect society with no slavery, monarchy, and everyone is equal.

35
Q

Who were the Jesuits?

A

Very educated group of Roman Catholic faith. Their faith was almost debranched as a part of Roman Catholicism.

36
Q

What was the Great Wall of China?

A

The great wall was built to keep out northern people (desert Mongolia, Koreans, Japanese, etc.)
People of the Ming dynasty built guard houses and rebuilt the wall with modern construction.

37
Q

Who is Bloody Mary?

A

Also known as Mary I (Tudor)
Daughter of Henry VIII who was Roman Catholic and the daughter of Henry VIII’s first wife.
Came to the throne after Henry VIII
Went on a killing spree of protestants

38
Q

What is the bad harvest of 1787-1788?

A

Series of storms hit France that destroyed the wheat fields/crops (floods, hailstorms, and bitter winter).
Since there is no more wheat, there isn’t any bread or staple foods for the common people of france.

39
Q

What is the Taiping Rebellion?

A

Emperor Hong tried to convince people to follow him in Christianity because he claimed to be related to Christ. Many Chinese became Christian and massacred those who would not listen.

40
Q

Who was Yongle?

A

Ming dynasty emperor. Very young ruler who chooses an explorer, Zheng He, to explore for China.

41
Q

Who is Louis XIV?

A

Also known as “The Sun King”; King of France who was scared of his own people and hated them. He was very flamboyant and greedy. He built the palace of Versailles in the country side to move the center of power away from the city and thus away from all the citizens.

42
Q

What was the reconquista?

A

The Spanish Inquisition (mass execution of people accused of being witches). Turned into the massacre of Muslims and Jews.

43
Q

What is the printing press?

A

Created by Guttenberg and was a way to mass produce books. Popes and Kings who were the only ones to previously know how to read books were suddenly worried because the public would be able to ask questions and read.

44
Q

What was the general estates meeting?

A

A meeting of all three estates of France called by King Louis XVI because he realized that the Bad Harvest of 1787-1788 caused the people of France to go hungry. The meeting became so heated that the members of the third estate were quickly sent away and the meeting was rescheduled. When it came time to reconvene, the door to the meeting room was closed and the members of the Third Estate were very angry.

45
Q

Who were Jacobins?

A

A group of people who wanted to murder the King and Queen, and all wealthy people. Headed by Jean-Paul Marat.

46
Q

Who was King Louis XVI?

A

Grandson of the “Sun King” King Louis XIV. Was a shy kind who was odd and not liked by his people. Married to Marie Antoinette.

47
Q

What is Versailles?

A

The grand palace built by King Louis XIV in the country side to be away from his people (he hated them). Very lavish and immensely large with many fountains and gardens. Needed a way to bring all the courts people to the countryside and this is the way he did it.

48
Q

What is the reign of terror?

A

The most violent part of the French Revolution. Headed by Maximillien Robespierre.

49
Q

What is a eunuch?

A

A royal servant in the Ming dynasty who had their genitals cut off. Only eunuchs were allowed to be in the palace besides the royal family. One of the only ways that commoner boys could have entrance into the forbidden city.

50
Q

What is the 30 years war?

A

Lasted from 1618-1648; tore Europe apart. Battle between Roman Catholics and Protestants. War ended with the peace of West Phalia.

51
Q

What is the Peace of Westphalia?

A

The end to the 30 years war.

52
Q

Who was Martin Luther?

A

Young priest who wanted to be a Roman Catholic priest and observed that the church wasn’t following the bible. He wrote the 95 theses and instead of being killed by the church, he was announced as a public enemy and the towns people seeked to kill him. His friend took him off the street and hid him in his castle where he translated the bible into German.

53
Q

Who are the Free Masons?

A

A group of philosophes the became so highly educated that they separated from the Roman Catholic Church. They believed in the separation of church and state.

54
Q

What is significant about Nagasaki?

A

It was the only port of entry where foreigners could bring their trade ships in to port. On all other places foreigners would be executed.

History 152 (4 decks)

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