Midterm Flashcards
Name: Sir Arthur Evans
Dates: 1851- 1941
Excavated: Knossos
Name: Heinrich Schliemann
Dates: 1822- 1890
Excavated: Troy, Mycenae, Tiryns, etc.
Name: Christos Tsountas
Dates: 1857-1934.
Excavated: Discovered cultures of Neolithic Thessaly & the Cyclades
Name: Harriet Boyd Hawes
Dates: 1871-1945
Excavated: Gournia
Site: Dmini (Thessaly)
Period: Late Neolithic
Date: 3700-3300 BC
Reconstruction.
Site: Dmini (Thessaly)
Period: Late Neolithic
Dates: 3700-3300 BC
Plan. Note the prominent position of the central building
Period: Late Neolithic
Dates: 4th millenium
Found: Dmini (Thessaly)
Materials: ceramic, handmade
Shape: Jar
Period: Neolithic
Dates: 4th millenium
Found: Crete
Materials: ceramic, incised
Shape: pyxis
Type: Figurine
Period: Middle Neolithic
Dates: 5th millenium BC
Found: Pharsala (Thessaly)
Materials: terracotta
Type: figurine
Period: Early Neolithic
Dates: 6000 BC
Found: Nea Nikomedia (Macedonia)
Materials: terracotta
Site: Myrtos, Fournou Koriphi
Period: EM II
Dates: 2600-2300 BC (built & destroyed)
Plan and two views. Only fully excavated Minoan village.
Ware: Ayios Onoufrios
Period: EM
Dates: 2700 BC
Ware: Vasiliki
Period: EM II
Date: 2500 BC
Building: House of the Tiles
Site: Lerna (Argolid)
Period: Early Helladic II
Date: 2900-2400 BC
Plan and reconstrution.
Type: “Urfirnis Sauceboats”
Period: Early Helladic
Date: 3000 - 2200/2000 BC
Shape: zoomorphic (bird)
Same shape also occurs in metal.
Type: “frying pan”
Period: Early Cycladic II
Date: 2500 BC
Found: Chalandriani, Syros (island)
Materials: clay
Decoration: incised white-filled spirals, profile of ship
Period: Early Cycladic II
Dates: 2500 BC
Found: Chalandriani, Syros (island)
Decoration: dark paint on light ground
Type: figurine, folded arm variety
Period: EC generally, this EC II
Material: Marble
Type: figurine, violin-shaped variety
Period: EC generally, this EC I
Material: marble
Type: figurines, Louros type
Period: EC generally, these EC I
Material: marble
Type: figurines, musicians (harp & aulos players)
Period: EC generally, these EC II
Found: Keros
Description: Gold pendant in form of two bees with globe of honey
Period: Early Minoan
Date: 3rd millenium BC
Found: Chrysolakkos cemetery @ Mallia
Material: gold
Technique: goldwork, filigree and fine granulation
Structure: tholos tomb
Site: Kamilari (south-central Crete)
Period: EM II
Date: 2500-2200 BC
Plan and view.
Name: Phaistos Disk
Period: MM IIIB (New Palace)
Dates: 1700-1600 BC
Found: Phaistos
Both sides. Undeciphered. Impressed with pictographic signs arranged in a spiral and divided into groups by traverse lines.
Site: Phaistos
Structure: First Palace - raised causeways, theatral area
Period: early MM (First Palace)
Date: 2000-1800 BC
Site: Mallia
Structure: Quartier Mu
Period: First Palace
Date: 2000-1800 BC
Showing large administrative structure (Building A).
Site: Ayia Photia
Structure: fortified building w/ rounded projections or bastions
Period: MM IA (Prepalatial, just before New Palace)
Date: 2000 BC
Site: Chamaizi (eastern Crete)
Structure: free-standing house
Period: MM IA (Prepalatial, just before New Palace)
Date: 2000 BC
Ware: Kamares
Period: (here) MMII, generally First Palace Period (characteristic)
Shape: jug
Technique: wheelmade (first on Crete)
Decoration: light-on-dark (characteristic)
Ware: Kamares
Period: (generally) First Palace Period (characteristic)
Date: (here) 2000-1600 BC
Shape: storage jar
Technique: wheelmade (first on Crete)
Decoration: light-on-dark (characteristic)
Ware: “Minyan”
Period: MH (typical)
Date: 2100-1600 BC
Shape: goblet
Technique: 1st wheelmade pottery on mainland
Period: MH (typical)
Date: 2100-1600 BC
Shape: jar
Technique: handmade
Decoration: matt-painted
Site: Knossos
Structure: Second Palace (plan)
Period: Second Palace
Date: 1725 / 1700 - 1380 / 1375 BC
Largest of Minoan palaces. Site continually inhabited from Neolithic into Roman Times.
Title: “Throne Room”
Site: Knossos
Period: Second Palace
Title: Granstand Fresco
Site: Knossos
Period: Second Palace
Date: after 1600 BC
Materials: miniature fresco
Note the tripartite shrine with “horns of consecration” on the roof, surrounded by females & males
Title: “Master Impression” sealing
Period: Late Minoan I-II (New Palace)
Date: 1550-1450 BC
Found: Chania (Crete)
Depicting multi-storey buildings set in a rocky landscape and with male holding staff standing at the highest point
Title: “Priest-king” Fresco (as originally reconstructed by Evans)
Site: Knossos
Period: Second Palace
Style: Floral-style
Period: Late Minoan IA (Second Palace)
Date: 1550-1500 BC
Found: Phaistos
Shape: jug
Style: Marine-style
Period: Late Minoan IB (Second Palace)
Date: 1500-1450 BC
Found: Gournia
Shape: stirrup jar
Site: Mallia
Structure: Palace
Period: Second Palace
Note central court, storage areas, etc.
Site: Gournia
Structure: “Palace”
Period: Second Palace
Excavator: Harriet Boyd Hawes
Restored view & plan.
Site: Gournia (aerial view)
Period: Second Palace
Excavator: Harriet Boyd Hawes
Site: Gournia
Structure: “Palace” (lower right image)
Period: most prosperous in LM (Second Palace)
Date: 1550-1450 BC
Most extensively excavated Minoan lowland town.
Site: Kato Zakro (east Crete)
Structure: Palace
Period: Second Palace
Excavator: Nikolaos Platon
Title: Bull’s head rhyton
Period: LM IA (Second Palace)
Date: 1550-1500 BC
Found: Little Palace @ Knossos
Materials: carved from a block of black steatite, with horns of gilded wood, eyes of inlaid rock crystal and jasper, and nostrils of mother-of pearl (the horns and much of the head are modern restorations)
Type: plaques showing Minoan houses
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Period: LM I (Second Palace)
Date: 15th C BC
Material: faience
Burnt clay tablets preserving the three different types of script of Minoan Crete:
a) (upper left) Minoan hieroglyphic
b) (upper right) Linear A
c) (bottom) Linear B, deciphered by Michael Ventris.
Title: Dolphin Fresco
Structure: “Queen’s Megaron,” Palace at Knossos
Site: Knossos
Period: Second Palace
This fresco probably originally belonged to the floor of the first floor directly above
Reconstruction of the west side of the central courtyard of the Palace at Knossos by Piet de Jong (the “Throne Room” is at the lower right)
Structure: North Lustral Basin, Palace of Knossos
Period: Second Palace
As restored by Sir Arthur Evans.
Site: Phaistos (looking north to Mt. Ida)
Structure: Central Court & north end of Palace
Period: Second Palace
Looking north toward Mount Ida. Entire palatial compound is oriented towards the mountain.
Title: Flying Fish Fresco
Site: Phylakopi, Melos (island)
Period: MC
Date: 18th-17th cent. BC
Title: “Peak Sanctuary” rhyton
Period: Second Palace
Found: Kato Zakro, Palace
Materials: chlorite (stone), probably guilt
Depicts: tripartite peak sanctuary surmounting a broad stair, with double horns along the roof lines, and what appear to be altars in the foreshortened front court, set in a mountain landscape with wild goats and birds
Title: “Harvester” Vase
Site: Ayia Triada, Villa A
Period: Second Palace
Materials: black steatite (stone)
Technique: low relief
Depicts: 27 males led by a figure, perhaps a priest. The scene has been interpreted as a processual dance, a triumphal march of soldiers, and a harvest festival
Style: “Palace-style”
Site: Knossos
Period: Third Palace
Date: 1450-1375 BC
Shape: storage jar
Decoration: style is characterized by somewhat formalized floral & other motifs paint on a light ground
Site: Knossos
Structure: western magazines/storage areas
Period: Third Palace
Reused or partially modified during Mycenaean control of palace.
Site: Kommos (port), near Ayia Triada
Structure: ship-sheds (reconstructed drawing)
Period: Third Palace
Date: 1450-1375 BC
This stoa-like building has been interpreted as a compound of ship- sheds whose long rooms open on to the sandy beach.
Site: Ayia Triada
Structure: Villa complex, megaron
Period: Second Palace (villa complex), Third Palace (megaron)
What appears to be a Megaron was built over the villa in the Third Palace Period, and this is contemporary with the stoa complex at the northern sector of the site
Title: Vapheio Cup (1 of 2)
Date: 1450 BC or slightly earlier
Found: Vapheio, near Sparta
Material: gold
Title: “Snake Goddess” statuette
Period: Second Palace
Date: 1600 BC
Found: Knossos, Temple Repositories
Material: faience
Snake goddesses, or snake goddess and her attendant.
Title: “Snake Goddess” statuette
Period: Second Palace
Date: 1600 BC
Found: Knossos, Temple Repositories
Material: faience
Snake goddesses, or snake goddess and her attendant.
Title: “La Pariesienne” Fresco
Part of: Camp-Stool Fresco
Period: Third Palace
Date: 1400 BC
The prominent “sacral knot” worn at the back of the neck is often taken to indicated that she was a priestess or even a goddess, though this is conjecture.
Title: Bull-leaping or Toreador Fresco
Site: Palace at Knossos (east wing)
Period: Third Palace
Date: 15th cent. BC
Title: seal stones
Found: Palace at Knossos
Period: Neopalatial
(top) a goddess standing between two griffins (Potnia Theron)
(left) pair of bulls
(right) lioness attacking a bull
Title: gold earrings
Period: Third Palace
Date: after 1400 BC
Found: Mavro Spelio (necropolis), near Knossos
Note: schematic bull’s head form
Title: Camp-Stool Fresco
Site: Knossos
Period: Third Palace
Date: 1400 BC
Title: Chryselephantine (gold & ivory) statuette
Period: LM IB (Second Palace)
Date: 1500-1450 BC
Found: Palaikastro
Materials: gold, ivory
Period: Second Palace
Date: 1500 BC
Found: Crete
Material: bronze
Technique: cire perdue (lost wax)
In typical “worshiping” pose, wearing no
Period: Second Palace
Date: 1500 BC
Found: Crete
Material: bronze
Technique: cire perdue (lost wax)
In typical “worshiping” pose, wearing normal costume for male.
Title: “Captain of the Blacks” Fresco
Site: Knossos
Period: Third Palace (Mycenaean), dated stylistically
Note the distinctive headwear resembling a Nubian cap, the two spears, the different skin colors of the individuals.
