Final Flashcards
Name: Heinrich Schliemann
Dates: 1822- 1890
Excavated: Troy, Mycenae, Tiryns, etc.
Title: Phaistos Disk
Period: MM IIIB (1700-1600 BC, MMIII)
Undeciphered. Impressed with pictographic signs arranged in a spiral and divided into groups by traverse lines.
Dates: 2100-1600 BC
Period: Middle Helladic (2000-1550 BC)
Ware: “Minyan”
Shape: Goblet
Technique: Wheelmade
“Minyan” pottery is the first wheelmade pottery on the mainland.
Dates: 2100-1600 BC
Period: Middle Helladic (2000-1550 BC)
Shape: Jar
Technique: Handmade; matt-painted
Title: “Throne Room”
Site: Palace at Knossos
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Date: 1905
Photo: Restoring the Grand Staircase
Structure: Palace of Minos
Site: Knossos
Arthur Evans in white suit and pith helmet; next to him, to the right, Duncan Mackenzie (the head excavator) and Christian Doll (one of the architects)
Postcards of three ships of the Minoan Lines, the Cretan Company that uses as its logo the reconstructed “Priest-King” Fresco
Date: 20th century AD
Location: Athens, northern suburbs
Two views of a Minoan-style house
Forgery
Title: “Fitzwilliam Goddess”
Date: 20th century AD
Minoan-style stone figurine.
Forgery
Title: Our Lady of the Sports (dubbed by Evans)
Date: 20th century AD
Style: Minoan
Material: Ivory & gold
Museum: Toronto (ROM 931.21.1)
Forgery
Title: Boston Goddess
Date: Early 20th century AD
Material: chryselephantine (gold & ivory)
Often published as Minoan, but clearly a forgery.
Settlement: Kavousi
Location: East Crete
Period: Early Iron Age (Sub-Minoan)
Dates (of period): 1070-970 BC (SM); 970-700 BC (EIA)
Dates: 1200-900 BC
Site: Karphi (town)
Location: East Crete
Period: established LM IIIC into Early Iron Age
Extensively excavated town from the very end of the Minoan Era
Dates: 1200-900 BC
Site: Karphi (town)
Location: East Crete
Period: established LM IIIC into Early Iron Age
Extensively excavated town from the very end of the Minoan Era
Dates: 1200-900 BC
Site: Karphi (town)
Location: East Crete
Period: established LM IIIC into Early Iron Age
Extensively excavated town from the very end of the Minoan Era
Dates: 1200-1190 BC
Title: Warrior Vase
Site: Citadel of Mycenae
Style: Mycenaean Pictorial
Discoverer: Heinrich Schliemann
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: 14th century BC
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Site: Enkomi, Cyprus
Style: Pictorial
Shape: Krater
Date: 14th century BC
Photo: View of excavation
Site: Ulu Burun (Kaş) shipwreck (off SW Turkey)
Date: 14th century BC
Title: Mycenaean pottery
Site: Ulu Burun (Kaş) shipwreck (off SW Turkey)
Site: Troy (Ilion)
Period: Late Bronze Age
Artist’s reconstruction.
Structure: Fortifications
Site: Troy VI
Period: Late Bronze Age
Troy VI is thought to represent the citadel of Homer’s Troy.
Date: mosty 13th century BC
Structures: Upper, Middle and Lower Citadels; great Megaron
Site: Tiryns acropolis
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Title: Complete corselet and helmet
Site: Chamber tomb at Dendra (Argolid)
Period: Late Bronze Age
Materials: Bronze (corselet), boars tusk (helmet)
Date: 1450 BC or slightly earlier
Title: Vapheio Cup (1 of 2)
Site: Vapheio (near Sparta)
Discoverer: Tsountas
Period: LH II (1500-1400 BC)
Title: Gold signet ring
Site: Acropolis of Mycenae
Style: Is it Minoan or Mycenaean?
Material: Gold
Period: LH (1650/1600-1200/1100 BC)
Date: 13th century
Title: Female head (possibly of sphinx or goddess)
Site: Mycenae
Material: Plaster
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: after 1250
Title: Treasury of Atreus (Tholos Tomb)
Structure: Dromos & facade
Site: Mycenae
Largest of the Tholos Tombs at Mycenae.
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: after 1250
Title: Treasury of Atreus (Tholos Tomb)
Site: Mycenae
Largest of the Tholos Tombs at Mycenae (interior)
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: 13th century BC
Title: Typical Mycenaean figurines
Types: 2 psi, 1 phi (center)
Material: terracotta
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: 13th century BC
Site: Chamber tomb at Mycenae
Material: Ivory
Head of warrior wearing helmet covered with boars’ tusks.
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: 1200 BC
Title: “Mycenaean Lady” or “Goddess” fresco
Structure: “House of the High Priest”
Site: Mycenae
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: 1350-1200 BC (variously dated)
Title: Lion’s Gate
Site: Mycenae
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Date: 16th century BC
Title: Stele (tomb stone) decorated with running spirals & a chariot scene
Structure: Grave V of Grave Circle A
Material: Limestone
- Period*: end of MH thru LH II
- Date of Grave Circles*: 1625/1600 - 1500/1480 BC
Date: 16th century BC
Title: Gold masks
Structure: Graves IV & V of Grave Circle A
Site: Mycenae
- Period*: end of MH thru LH II
- Date of Grave Circles*: 1625/1600 - 1500/1480 BC
Date: 1550 BC
Title: Daggers
Structure: Shaft Graves IV & V, Grave Circle A
Materials: Bronze w/ inlaid decoration of gold, silver and niello
- Period*: end of MH thru LH II
- Date of Grave Circles*: 1625/1600 - 1500/1480 BC
Site: Citadel of Mycenae
Structure: Grave Circle A (foreground)
Excavator: Heinrich Schliemann (Grave Circle A)
Period: LH (1650/1600 - 1200/1100 BC)
Date: 13th century
Title: “Lyre-Player” Fresco
Structure: Central Hall of Throne Room
Site: Pylos
Reconstruction: Piet de Jong
Period: LH III (1400-1100 BC)
Dates: 1300-1200 BC
Site: Mycenaean Palace at Pylos
Period: LH IIIA
Structure: Temple
Site: Ayia Irini, Kea (island)
Period: Second Palace Period thru Early Iron Age (1725-700 BC)
Title: Large terracotta female figurine
Structure: Temple, Room 1
Site: Ayia Irini, Kea (island)
Period: Second Palace Period thru Early Iron Age (1725-700 BC)
Material: Terracotta
Structure: Houses A & F
Site: Ayia Irini, Kea (island)
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
The town is composed of buildings that in some cases resemble Minoan houses (such as House A).
Date: 17th century BC
Title: Fresco fragment of bull leaper
Site: Tell el’Dab’a (Nile Delta, Egypt)
This Minoan-style fresco attests to the interconnections between the Aegean and Egypt.
Title: Bare-breasted female figure fresco
Structure: House of the Ladies, Room 1
Site: Akrotiri
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Title: “Blue Monkey” Fresco
Structure: House Beta, Room 6
Site: Akrotiri
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Structure: Room 3
Building: Xeste 3 upper floor
Site: Akrotiri
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Structures: West House (top) & Xeste 3 (bottom)
Site: Akrotiri
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Title: Young girl gathering crocus flowers
Structure: Xeste 3
Site: Akrotiri
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Based on the shaved head and locks of hair, the girl is believed to be an adolescent.
Title: “Sea-Battle” Fresco
Location: North wall of Room 5
Structure: West House
Site: Akrotiri, Thera
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Depicts: Tripartite shrine; ritual dancing around a tree in a koulouras (like at Knossos); Mycenaean-like warriors; a sea battle & drowning soldiers; a rocky coastline
Title: “Flotilla” or “Regatta” Mini Fresco
Location: South Wall, Room 5
Structure: West House
Site: Akrotiri, Thera
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Depicts: Two cities and a “flotilla” or “regatta” between them.
Title: 1 of 8 “Ikria” devices
Location: Walls, Room 4
Structure: West House
Site: Akrotiri, Thera
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Referred to as “Ikria.” Marinatos originally thought them to be “banners,” but later deciced they were “cabins.” Others see them as “litters” or “palanquins.”
Title: Boxing Boys Fresco
Location: South Wall, Room 1
Section: Beta
Site: Akrotiri, Thera
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Title: Antelopes Fresco
Location: West Wall, Room 1
Structure: Section Beta
Site: Akrotiri, Thera
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
Photo: View of excavation
Structures: Triangular Square, West House (left), Building Complex Delta (right)
Site: Akrotiri, Thera
Period: Late Cycladic (1550-1100 BC)
- Eruption date* (traditional): 1450 BC
- Eruption date* (grain, dendrochronology, Greenland ice-cores, Chinese Bamboo Annals): 17th century BC
Photo: Eruption of Nea Kameni, seen from town of Phira
The Thera volcano is still sporadically active, particularly the eruptions of Nea Kameni.
Date: 1500 BC
Title: Figurine in typical “worshipping” pose
Location: Crete
Material: Bronze
Technique: Cast by the cire perdue (lost wax) technique
Wearing normal costume for female.
Period: LM I (1600-1425 BC)
Date: 1500 BC
Title: Figurine in typical “worshipping” pose
Location: Crete
Material: Bronze
Technique: Cast by the cire perdue (lost wax) technique
Wearing normal costume for male.
Period: LM I (1600-1425 BC)
Title: “Harvester” Vase
Structure: Villa A
Site: Ayia Triada
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Material: Black steatite (stone)
Technique: Low relief
Depicts: Shows 27 males led by a figure, perhaps a priest. The scene has been interpreted as a processional dance, a triumphal march of soldiers, and a harvest festival.
Structure: Tripartite Shrine
Site: Archanes - Anemospilia (south of Heraklion)
Period: Middle Minoan (2160/1979 - 1600 BC)
All objects were found in position, as were the skeletons of people who had been performing the rituals.
3-D Reconstruction: “Peak Sanctuary” from vessel
Vessel: Rhyton
Site (vessel found at): Kato Zakro
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Title: “Peak Sanctuary” Rhyton
Site: Palace @ Kato Zakro
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Material: Chlorite (stone), probably gilt
Depicts: Tripartite peak sanctuary surmounting a broad stair, with double horns along the roof lines, and what appear to be altars in the foreshortened front court, set in a mountain landscape with wild goats and birds.
Title: Miniature votive double axes
Site: Arkalochori Cave, Crete
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Material: Gold
Dates: 1450-1400
Title: “Ring of Minos,” large signet ring
Site: Near Knossos (?)
Period: Second Palace
Depicts: Epiphany cycle
Some scholars consider it a forgery.
Date: 14th century BC
Title: Ayia Triada Sarcophagus
Location: Near the “Villa”
Site: Ayia Triada (south-central Crete)
Material: Limestone w/ fresco
Depicts: Various religious scenes.
Date: 1500 BC
Title: Signet ring
Site: Isopata, near Knossos
Structure: Minoan tomb
Depicts: Religious scene that may represent an ecstatic ritual dance & the epiphany of a goddess. Some of the floating symbols in the sky may represent stellar constellations.
Title: Seal stones
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Depicts: [top] goddess standing between two griffins (Potnia Theron); [left] pair of bulls; [right] lionness attacking a bull
Date: 15th century BC
Title: Bull-Leaping or Toreador Fresco
Structure: Palace, East Wing
Site: Knossos
Date: 1600 BC
Title: Snake Goddess statuette
Structure: Temple Repositories
Site: Knossos
Material: Faience
Statuettes of snake goddesses, or the snake goddess and her attendant.
Date: 1600 BC
Title: Snake Goddess statuette
Structure: Temple Repositories
Site: Knossos
Material: Faience
Statuettes of snake goddesses, or the snake goddess and her attendant.
Reconstruction: Piet de Jong
Structure: West side of central courtyard; “Throne Room” on Lower Right
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Title: “Cup-bearer” Fresco
Restored location: South Propylon
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Modern reconstruction set up in South Propylon by Sir Arthur Evans.
Name: Michael Ventris
Dates: 1922-1956
Deciphered Linear B in 1952 and showed it to be an early form of Greek.
Title: Dolphin Fresco
Structure: “Queen’s Megaron,” East Wing
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
This fresco probably originally belong to the floor of the first floor directly above.
Title: Burnt clay tablets depicting 3 scripts of Minoan Crete
[Upper left] Minoan hieroglyphic
[Upper right] Linear A
[Bottom] Linear B. Deciphered by Michael Ventris.
Date: 15th century
Title: Plaques of Minoan houses
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Material: Faience
Depict: What Minoan houses may have looked like
Title: “Priest-king” Fresco
Site: Knossos
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
As originally reconstructed at Knossos.
Dates: 1550-1450
Title: “Master Impression” sealing
Site: Chania
Period: LM I-II
Depicts: Multi-storey buildings set in a rocky landscape with a male holding a staff standing at the highest point.
Date: After 1600
Title: Grandstand Fresco (miniature)
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Period: Second Palace
Depicts: Tripartite shrine with “horns of consecration” on the roof, surrounded by females and males
Date: 1400 BC
Title: “La Parisienne” Fresco
Location: Part of Camp-Stool Fresco
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Depicts: The prominent “sacral knot” worn at the back of the neck is often taken to indicate that she was a priestess or even a goddess, though this is conjecture.
Site: Palace @ Knossos
Period: Second Palace (1725-1380 BC)
Largest of Minoan palaces. The site on which it stands was continually inhabited from the Neolithic period into Roman times.
Name: Sir Arthur Evans
Dates: 1851-1941
Excavated: Knossos
