Midterm

Question 1

What are the two properties of an ideal drug?

Answer 1

Must work and must be safe

Question 2

Is selectivity required for FDA approval?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What is pharmacokinetics defined as?

Answer 3

What the body does to a drug

Question 4

What are the four components of pharmacokinetics?

Answer 4

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 5

What does pharmacodynamics mean?

Answer 5

What the drug does to the body

Question 6

What is absorption defined as?

Answer 6

The movement of a drug from its administration site into the blood

Question 7

What does the rate of absorption determine?

Answer 7

How soon the drug effects begin

Question 8

What does the amount of drug absorbed determine?

Answer 8

The intensity of the drug response

Question 9

What is a drugs half life?

Answer 9

The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%

Question 10

How many half lives does it take for a drug to reach steady state?

Answer 10

4-5

Question 11

How many half lives does it take for a drug to be eliminated from the body?

Answer 11

4-5

Question 12

Do beta lactamase inhibitors have antibiotic activity?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What do beta lactamase inhibitors do?

Answer 13

Extend the activity of abx by de-activiting beta lactamase inhibition by bacteria

Question 14

What is the only beta lactam that has no cross-reactivity with penicillin?

Answer 14

Aztreonam

Question 15

What is a major side effect of daptomysin?

Answer 15

Rhabdo

Question 16

Fluoroquinolones have black box warning for what two things?

Answer 16

Tendon rupture and myasthenia gravis

Question 17

Which abx class can cause hypo and hyperglycemia?

Answer 17

Fluoroquinolones

Question 18

Which class of abx prolongs QT?

Answer 18

Fluoroquinolones

Question 19

Which abx causes a disulfiram effect when drunk with ETOH?

Answer 19

Flagyl

Question 20

How long after taking the last dose of Flagyl can a pt drink ETOH?

Answer 20

48 hours

Question 21

What medication class increases risk of CAP?

Answer 21

PPI

Question 22

What is the duration of therapy for CAP?

Answer 22

Minimum of 5 days

Question 23

What class of drugs increases risk of C. diff?

Answer 23

PPI

Question 24

You need to test for HLAB5701 before starting what HIV drug?

Answer 24

Abacavir

Question 25

Can a pt who tests positive for HLAB5701 be started on Abacavir?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What will happen if a pt who is positive for HLAB5701 is started on Abacavir?

Answer 26

Hypersensitivity rx

Question 27

Does abacavir require dose adjustment for renal insufficiency?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

There is an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in pts taking which HIV drug?

Answer 28

Abacavir

Question 29

Which HIV drug will have its levels increased by ETOH?

Answer 29

Abacavir

Question 30

What is the preferred initial ART for HIV?

Answer 30

Emtricitabine

Question 31

What other virus is emtricitabine active against?

Answer 31

Hep B

Question 32

What happens if you stop taking Hep B meds?

Answer 32

You can have a flare up of Hep B

Question 33

Is emtricitabine active against Hep B?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Is Lamivudine active against Hep B?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

What are the two most common side effects of efavarinz?

Answer 35

Vivid dreams and CNS effects

Question 36

Which HIV agent has more CNS side effects, efavarinz or rilpivirine?

Answer 36

Efavarinz

Question 37

Rilpivirine can only be given to pts with less than what viral load?

Answer 37

Less than 100,000 copies/mL

Question 38

Is resistance testing required for all HIV medications?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What is salvage therapy?

Answer 39

Treatment for people who have already failed ART

Question 40

What kind of environment does atazanavir require for absorption?

Answer 40

Acidic

Question 41

What class of med should not be taken with atazanavir?

Answer 41

PPIs

Question 42

How long after taking an H2 blocker can a pt take atazanavir?

Answer 42

10 hours

Question 43

Protease inhibitors interact most with which drug class?

Answer 43

Statins

Question 44

What is a major side effect of ibalizumab?

Answer 44

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Question 45

Which HIV med contains sulfa?

Answer 45

Darunavir

Question 46

What is the only two agent HIV med approved for initial therapy?

Answer 46

Dovato

Question 47

If a pt with HIV has Hep B as well, how many agents do they need to be on that are active against Hep B?

Answer 47

Two

Question 48

How much time do you have to initiate post exposure HIV prophylaxis after exposure?

Answer 48

72 hours

Question 49

Can you combine ACE and ARB for BP control?

Answer 49

No - too many risks

Question 50

Nifedipine in large doses increases risk of what?

Answer 50

MI in pts with cardiovascular disease

Question 51

What is considered a large dose of nifedipine?

Answer 51

Over 80mg/day

Question 52

ACE/ARB should not be combined with which other anti-HTN?

Answer 52

Aliskiren

Question 53

Can you give renin inhibitor with ACE or ARB?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

Why should you not give renin inhibitor with ACE or ARB?

Answer 54

Increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events

Question 55

What is the preferred initial agent for HTN in black pts?

Answer 55

Calcium channel blockers

Question 56

How long to wait when switching from ACEi to ARNi and why?

Answer 56

36 hours to prevent angioedema

Question 57

Can you give ACEi or ARNi if pt has hx of angioedema?

Answer 57

No

Question 58

What percent of strokes are caused by afib?

Answer 58

15-20%

Question 59

VKORCI and CYP2C9 affect dose variation of what drug?

Answer 59

Warfarin

Question 60

Which DOAC needs to be stored in its original container?

Answer 60

Pradaxa

Question 61

Which DOAC cannot be given in a pt with CrCl above 95?

Answer 61

Edoxaban

Question 62

Pt must have 2 of what three factors to get a dose of Eliquis of 2.5 rather than 3?

Answer 62

Cr > 1.5, weight < 60kg, age 80

Question 63

What is the only DOAC superior to Warfarin?

Answer 63

Eliquis