MIDTERM Flashcards
defined as all of the physical components of a computer.
Computer Hardware
It is a machine that uses electronic components and instructions to the components to perform calculations, repetitive and complex procedures, process text, and manipulate data and signals.
Computer
title that evolved from the
French word “informatics” which referred to the field of
applied computer science concerned with the processing of information such as nursing information (Nelson,
2013).
Nursing Informatics
It has evolved from huge, room-sized electronic calculators developed with military funding during World War II to palm-sized machines available to virtually everybody.
Computer Technology
It composes the computer’s architecture, and includes the electronic circuits, microchips, processors, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and graphic and sound cards.
Basic hardware of a computer
It is a square or rectangular board with circuits into which are plugged the main electronics of the computer.
Motherboard
Devices that may be inside the computer case but are not part of the architecture
Main Storage Device
It is is usually an internal hard drive, the cooling system, a modem, Ethernet connectors, optical drives, universal serial bus (USB) connectors, and multiformat media card readers.
Main Storage Device
keyboard, touch screen, mouse, printer, and fax.
input and output devices
These are external hard drives, thumb drives, floppy drives, tape drives, sound systems (earphones, microphones, speakers, subwoofers), and the computer monitor.
Storage components
These are composed of many different components that enable the user to communicate with the computer, and with other computers to produce work.
Computer systems
It advances during the late 1900s and into the 2000s have made possible many changes to the healthcare industry.
Computer hardware
It enabled surgeons to insert endoscopy tools that allow for both visualization and precise removal of diseased tissues, leaving healthy tissues minimally damaged and the patient unscarred (Botta et al., 2013; Gumbs et al., 2009).
Computer-enhanced surgical instruments
These have greatly enhanced the scope and complexity of surgeries that are now amenable to much less invasive surgeries (Volante et al., 2014).
Virtual reality programs in surgery
It is now being used to reduce the impact of distance and location on the accessibility and availability of healthcare.
Telemedicine
It is a thin, flat sheet made of a firm, nonconducting material on which the internal components—printed circuits, chips, slots, and so on—of the computer are mounted.
Motherboard
It is made of a dielectric or non-conducting plastic material.
Motherboard
It contains the microchips (including the central processing unit [CPU]), and the wiring, and slots for adding components.
Motherboard
It includes the locations of the computer’s internal or main working storage.
Memory
refers to the electronic storage devices or chips on the motherboard of a computer.
Memory
It is a form of permanent storage in the computer. It carries instructions that allow the computer to be booted (started), and other essential machine instructions.
Read-only memory (ROM)
used by the control unit of the CPU to oversee computer functions.
Firmware
It refers to working memory used for primary storage. It is used as temporary storage. Also known as main memory.
Random access memory (RAM)
It is the work area available to the CPU for all processing applications.
RAM
It is a smaller form of RAM. Its purpose is to speed up processing by storing frequently called items in a small, rapid access memory location.
Cache
These are wired to a controller that is plugged into the slots or circuit boards of the computer. Some devices can serve as both input and output devices—for example, the hard drive in which most of the programs are stored receive and store information as well as send their programs to the computer.
INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
These devices allow the computer to receive information from the outside world. The most common input devices are the keyboard and mouse.
Input Devices
Others commonly seen on nursing workstations
touch screen
light pen
voice
scanner
These allow the computer to “sense” when a particular part of the screen is pressed or touched
Electronics
It displays information back to the user, just as does any computer monitor.
Touch Screen
It is a device attached to a computer that has special software that allows the computer to sense when the light pen is focused on a particular part of the screen. It allows smaller screen location discriminations than does a touch screen.
Light Pen
(CAT)
Computerized axial tomography
(MRI)
medical resonance imaging
These devices allow the computer to report its results to the external world.
defined as any equipment that translates the computer information into something readable by people or other machines.
Output Devices
Most obvious output devices
monitor (display screen)
printer
Other commonly used output devices
USB drive (also known as flash or thumb drive) optical media.
output devices recording and displaying heart rhythm patterns, and initiating alarms when certain conditions are met.
Heart monitors
includes both images on a screen and fluids infused into the patient’s body.
Volumetric infusion pump output
includes the main memory but also external devices on which programs and data are stored.
Storage
most common storage device
computer’s hard drive
It is a peripheral device that has very high speed and high density.
Hard Drive
It is actually a form of a small, removable hard drive that is inserted into the USB port of the computer.
USB flashdrive
USB drive is also known as
pen drive
jump drive
thistle drive
pocket drive
includes CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray.
Optical Media
These are rigid disks that hold a higher density of information and have higher speed.
CD-ROMs
DVDs
Data stored “in the cloud” are still stored on commercial computers called
Servers
It is An extension of the online storage service offered by individual vendors
Cloud Storage
refers to a distributed system of many commercial, networked servers that communicate through the Internet, and work together so closely that they can essentially function as one large system.
Cloud
refer to how the machine stores information at the lowest, or “closest to machine registers and memory,” level.
Bits and Bytes
is a unit of data in the binary numbering system.
bit (binary digit)
Binary means
two
basic operations of the CPU
cycles
four types of cycles
fetch
decode
execute
store
It s measured in cycles per second
CPU Speed
CPU speed is measured in cycles per second, which are called
Clock Speed
It is a set of cooperative interconnected computers for the purpose of information interchange.
Network
networks of greatest interest include
local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet,
most important components of network hardware
adapter or interface card, cabling, and servers.
It is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.
Network Interface Card - NIC
is the means by which actual transfer of data from one site to another takes place.
Communication medium (cabling)
Commonly used communication media include
twisted pair cable
coaxial cable
fiber-optics
telephone lines
satellites
compressed video.
the use of information and communication technology for health services and information by both healthcare professionals and the public.
eHealth
three key synergistic advanced hardware elements enabling mobile health (mHealth)
physical device size
wireless network access
battery life
is accelerating due to the convergence of the infrastructure of adequate processing power and storage available on mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, advanced tablets, and wearable/implantable/injectable devices); large capacity redundant storage typically available through cloud computing services; and long-life batteries.
mhEALTH
The ability of a mobile device to connect with networks in multiple ways is the foundation of mobile computing and mHealth.
Wireless Communication
Technology used to wirelessly communicate with a mobile device includes
mobile telecommunications technology
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID).
a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones.
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX) and LongTerm Evolution (LTE),
is intended for general local network access
WI-FI
Wi-Fi is intended for general local network access, called
wireless local area network (WLAN).
It is intended for a wireless personal area network (WPAN)
Bluetooth
specifies an application framework
Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
It is an open standard providing mobile devices access to telephony and information services.
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Protocols covering wireless devices include
WAE & WAP
It is a technology that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data, using tags that contain electronically stored information.
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)
It is a broad, expanding universe that encompasses a wide variety of user stories (use cases) that range from continuous clinical data access to remote diagnosis and even guest Internet access.
MHealth
these are ubiquitous in the healthcare setting
smartphone & tablets
One of the latest trends in healthcare IT
Concept of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
