Midterm Flashcards
Right Hemisphere Brain Damage definition
group of deficits that result from injury to the right hemisphere of the brain (non-dominant for nearly all language functions)
Visuospatial Neglect
a form of visual attention that involves directing attention to a location in space (neglect on one side of visual field)
List the types of attention impairments
joint attention, sustained attention, divided attention, alternating attention, and selective attention
List the types of memory impairments
short term, long term, immediate, delayed, working, and procedural memory
Retrospective memory
The memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past
Incidental memory
non-intentional memory- memory for information people are not asked to remember
Prospective memory
the memory for intentions, allows us to remember to carry out an action planned for a specific time in the future while performing a concurrent activity named ongoing task
Characteristic of right hemisphere damage
Neglect all info on left side, Unrealistic denial of illness or limb involvement, Impaired judgement and self-monitoring, Lack of motivation, and Inattention
Nonlinguistic
Communication that conveys intent: facial expression and body language can be affected (nonverbal)
Paralinguistic
changes in prosody or intonation as well as pitch and volume
Linguistic
using verbalizations such as words, phrases, or sentences
Name 3 Aphasia Batteries for RHD
Boston Diagnostic (BDAE), Boston Assessment of Severe Aphasia (BASA), Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)
Non-Standard procedures for assessing RHD
ratings of the client’s behavior, interviewing, and observation
Imitative Treatment for RHD
A client repeats a sentence in unison with the SLP in response to a question
Cognitive-Linguistic treatment for RHD
uses various cues to modify the client’s prosody, or the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech
Dysarthria definition
A motor speech disorder related to disturbances in the central and peripheral nervous systems that control the muscles of speech production (weakness of muscles used in speech)
Flaccid Dysarthria
Muscles that exhibit flaccid paralysis are weak and soft, exhibit low tone, and fatigue quickly. Lesions are found on the cranial and spinal nerves ; reduced respiratory drive for speech breathing, continuously breathy voice quality, reduced pitch and loudness levels, monopitch, hypernasality, and imprecise articulations
Spastic Dysarthria
speech that is characterized as slow, with jerky, imprecise articulation and reduction of the rapidly alternating movements of speech (AMS) because of stiff and rigid muscles.
Ataxic Dysarthria
Damage to the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuitry results in incoordination and reduced muscle tone, related to poorly timed and improper coordination during movement.
Hypokinetic Dysarthria
movements are slow and reduced in range of motion due to the effects of rigidity, or increased resistance to passive stretch in all directions.
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
due to damage to the basal ganglia control circuitry; however, in this case, the indirect pathway and/or structures of the basal ganglia that help to inhibit unwanted movements are damaged which leads increased abnormal involuntary movements. Tremors, Tics, Dystonia, and Chorea
Mixed Dysarthria
When two or more types of dysarthria are present in an individual. a slow rate of speech, hypernasality, imprecise articulation and a strained – strangled vocal quality.
Tremor
relate to the rhythmic movement of body part
Tics
are rapid patterned movements that can be motor or vocal in nature
Dystonia
excessive pitch and loudness variations, irregular breakdowns in articulation, variable rates of speech, and inappropriate silences. state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasm and abnormal posture, typically due to a neurological disease (can be caused by medication)
Chorea
rapid and unpredictable movements and exhibit variations in their speech rate, irregular articulatory breakdowns and significant prosodic abnormalities.
What Dysarthria is associated with ALS
mixed dysarthria is associated with this
What Dysarthria is associated with Parkinson’s
Hypokinetic dysarthria is associated with this
When can Dysarthria be acquired
any age
How to treat Dysarthria to improve quality of life
provide patient and communication partners with various strategies to promote increased communicative participation
Spastic CP
CP characterized by increased muscle tone resulting in slow, jerky, labored movements.
Athetoid CP
CP characterized by slow, involuntary writhing, most pronounced when the individual attempts volitional movement
Ataxic CP
CP characterized by uncoordinated movement and disturbed balance.
Bell’s Palsy
relatively common dysarthria, occurs suddenly, cause unknow, facial nerve affected, appearance can shift
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
variant of ALS, causes degeneration of the lower motor neurons, muscle atrophy (wasting away muscle), individuals can develop fasciculations (movements of tongue while at rest)
Mysathenia Gravis
autoimmune disease, rapid weakening of muscles due to inadequate transmission of nerve impulses, muscles are weakened but can regain strength after rest, hypernasality
Muscular Dystrophy
genetic disease, results in degeneration of muscles, muscles are unable to contract and relax normally
