Final Flashcards
Definition of TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)
injury is a disruption in the normal function caused by a nonpenetrating blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury.
Two Age Groups that are at the highest risk for TBI
0-4 year olds and 15-19-year-olds
Difference between Penetrating and Non-Penetrating Head Injury
Penetrating Head Injury: involves “a wound in which an object breaches the cranium but does not exit it.”
Nonpenetrating Head Injury: or closed head injury, is a type of TBI in which the skull and dura mater remain intact.
What damage happens as a result of TBI
Infection, Bruising, Hypoxia (deprivation of oxygen), Intracranial Pressure
Attention Deficits of TBI
selective, divided, alternating, joint, sustained
Memory Deficits of TBI
short term, long term, working, immediate, procedural, delayed
Executive Function Deficits of TBI
planning and organizing (EX: medication management, scheduling/planning appointments, planning and prepping meals, financial management)
Orientation
time and space (today’s date, season, time, year, month, do you know where you are right now, are you laying down right now, what’s your address, state, city, etc)
Reasoning and Problem Solving
important for safety
Thought Organization
being able to organize thoughts, staying on topic, get wants and needs out
Hemisensory Impairment
loss of ability to perceive sensory info on one side of the body
Hemiparesis
muscle weakness on one side of the body
Hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
Language areas affected with a TBI
Anomia (word finding difficulties), Impaired Comprehension
How are Pragmatics Deficits Identified
informal observation during conversational exchanges and reciprocal play
Psychological deficits of a person with TBI
aggression/withdrawal, denial, depression
SLP’s role in interdisciplinary team with TBI
assessing all aspects of communication, cognitive-communicative functioning and swallowing
Cognitive rehabilitation for TBI
involves increasing the individual’s ability to process incoming information in order to increase their functional independence (dressing, safety in the home, pay bills)
What does RCA stand for?
Restore, Compensate, and Adapt
Restorative approach
attempts to rebuild neural circuitry and function through repetitive activities
Compensatory approach
conceding that some functions will not be recovered and we develop alternatives. (ex: gesturing to help explain sentences)
Adaptive approach
Relates to modifying an individuals environment to increase safety. (larger label print for medication)
3 stages of TBI intervention
early (orientation and recognition of familiar things), middle (more structured and formal) and late ( goal to reach independence
Definition of Dementia
an umbrella term for a group of both pathological conditions and syndromes that result in declining of memory and at least one other cognitive ability that is significant enough to interfere with daily life activities.
Causes of Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or a combination of both and is referred to as mixed dementia.
Cognitive impairments of Dementia
memory impairments, poor reasoning and judgement, impaired abstract thinking, inability to attend to relevant information, impaired communication, personality changes
Cortical Dementia
Alzheimer’s and Picks diseases, resemble those of focal impairments such as aphasia and RHBD. The following deficits are noted in these individuals: Visuospatial Deficits, Memory Problems ,Judgement and Abstract Thinking Disturbances, and Language Deficits
Subcortical Dementia
may accompany multiple sclerosis, AIDS-related encephalopathy, and Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. experience a slow deterioration of cognitive functioning with deficits noted in the following areas: Memory Impairments, Problem Solving Difficulty, Receptive and Expressive Language Impairment, and, Poor Neuromuscular Control (Parkinson’s Disease)
Part of the brain most damaged by Alzheimer’s
hippocampus
Assessment Techniques for Alzheimer’s
Neuroimaging Techniques, Pupil dilation, Computerized Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (CAMCI), Writing Assessment
Cognitive rehabilitation for Dementia
the SLP involves the client, health professionals and families develop individualized goals and implement strategies based on those goals
Ex: reading a book to a granchild
Cognitive training for Dementia
used to denote structured practice to improve specific cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and executive functions.
ex: recall a grocery list
Cognitive Stimulation
less direct and usually conducted during group therapy.
ex: Enhance cognitive and social functioning through conversational exchanges.
Dynamic Assessment
Informal assessments are essential in determining which areas to probe.
An evaluation method used to identify an individual skill as well as their learning potential.
Ongoing Assessment
