Final

Question 1

Definition of TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

Answer 1

injury is a disruption in the normal function caused by a nonpenetrating blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury.

Question 2

Two Age Groups that are at the highest risk for TBI

Answer 2

0-4 year olds and 15-19-year-olds

Question 3

Difference between Penetrating and Non-Penetrating Head Injury

Answer 3

Penetrating Head Injury: involves “a wound in which an object breaches the cranium but does not exit it.”
Nonpenetrating Head Injury: or closed head injury, is a type of TBI in which the skull and dura mater remain intact.

Question 4

What damage happens as a result of TBI

Answer 4

Infection, Bruising, Hypoxia (deprivation of oxygen), Intracranial Pressure

Question 5

Attention Deficits of TBI

Answer 5

selective, divided, alternating, joint, sustained

Question 6

Memory Deficits of TBI

Answer 6

short term, long term, working, immediate, procedural, delayed

Question 7

Executive Function Deficits of TBI

Answer 7

planning and organizing (EX: medication management, scheduling/planning appointments, planning and prepping meals, financial management)

Question 8

Orientation

Answer 8

time and space (today’s date, season, time, year, month, do you know where you are right now, are you laying down right now, what’s your address, state, city, etc)

Question 9

Reasoning and Problem Solving

Answer 9

important for safety

Question 10

Thought Organization

Answer 10

being able to organize thoughts, staying on topic, get wants and needs out

Question 11

Hemisensory Impairment

Answer 11

loss of ability to perceive sensory info on one side of the body

Question 12

Hemiparesis

Answer 12

muscle weakness on one side of the body

Question 13

Hemiplegia

Answer 13

paralysis on one side of the body

Question 14

Language areas affected with a TBI

Answer 14

Anomia (word finding difficulties), Impaired Comprehension

Question 15

How are Pragmatics Deficits Identified

Answer 15

informal observation during conversational exchanges and reciprocal play

Question 16

Psychological deficits of a person with TBI

Answer 16

aggression/withdrawal, denial, depression

Question 17

SLP’s role in interdisciplinary team with TBI

Answer 17

assessing all aspects of communication, cognitive-communicative functioning and swallowing

Question 18

Cognitive rehabilitation for TBI

Answer 18

involves increasing the individual’s ability to process incoming information in order to increase their functional independence (dressing, safety in the home, pay bills)

Question 19

What does RCA stand for?

Answer 19

Restore, Compensate, and Adapt

Question 20

Restorative approach

Answer 20

attempts to rebuild neural circuitry and function through repetitive activities

Question 21

Compensatory approach

Answer 21

conceding that some functions will not be recovered and we develop alternatives. (ex: gesturing to help explain sentences)

Question 22

Adaptive approach

Answer 22

Relates to modifying an individuals environment to increase safety. (larger label print for medication)

Question 23

3 stages of TBI intervention

Answer 23

early (orientation and recognition of familiar things), middle (more structured and formal) and late ( goal to reach independence

Question 24

Definition of Dementia

Answer 24

an umbrella term for a group of both pathological conditions and syndromes that result in declining of memory and at least one other cognitive ability that is significant enough to interfere with daily life activities.

Question 25

Causes of Dementia

Answer 25

Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or a combination of both and is referred to as mixed dementia.

Question 26

Cognitive impairments of Dementia

Answer 26

memory impairments, poor reasoning and judgement, impaired abstract thinking, inability to attend to relevant information, impaired communication, personality changes

Question 27

Cortical Dementia

Answer 27

Alzheimer’s and Picks diseases, resemble those of focal impairments such as aphasia and RHBD. The following deficits are noted in these individuals: Visuospatial Deficits, Memory Problems ,Judgement and Abstract Thinking Disturbances, and Language Deficits

Question 28

Subcortical Dementia

Answer 28

may accompany multiple sclerosis, AIDS-related encephalopathy, and Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases. experience a slow deterioration of cognitive functioning with deficits noted in the following areas: Memory Impairments, Problem Solving Difficulty, Receptive and Expressive Language Impairment, and, Poor Neuromuscular Control (Parkinson’s Disease)

Question 29

Part of the brain most damaged by Alzheimer’s

Answer 29

hippocampus

Question 30

Assessment Techniques for Alzheimer’s

Answer 30

Neuroimaging Techniques, Pupil dilation, Computerized Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (CAMCI), Writing Assessment

Question 31

Cognitive rehabilitation for Dementia

Answer 31

the SLP involves the client, health professionals and families develop individualized goals and implement strategies based on those goals
Ex: reading a book to a granchild

Question 32

Cognitive training for Dementia

Answer 32

used to denote structured practice to improve specific cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and executive functions.
ex: recall a grocery list

Question 33

Cognitive Stimulation

Answer 33

less direct and usually conducted during group therapy.
ex: Enhance cognitive and social functioning through conversational exchanges.

Question 34

Dynamic Assessment

Answer 34

Informal assessments are essential in determining which areas to probe.
An evaluation method used to identify an individual skill as well as their learning potential.
Ongoing Assessment