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Eukaryotic Diversity > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Taxon

A
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2
Q

Node

A

Indicate a common ancestor

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3
Q

Sister taxa

A
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4
Q

Paraphyletic

A

All members of the group have a common ancestor- but not a unique one

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5
Q

Monophyletic

A

All members of the group have a unique common ancestor

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6
Q

Species

A
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7
Q

Order

A
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8
Q

Class

A
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9
Q

Phylum

A
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10
Q

Kingdom

A
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11
Q

Aristotle

A

Believed organisms were divinely created and did not evolve. Used a ladder system from least to most complex

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12
Q

Van Leeuwenhoek

A

“Father of microbiology”- compound microscope

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13
Q

Linnaeus

A

“Father of modern taxonomy”- nested phylogenies and binomial nomenclature

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14
Q

Darwin

A

Evolution

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15
Q

Whittaker

A

Proposed five kingdom classification

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16
Q

Margolis

A

Endosymbiosis

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17
Q

Woese

A

Used ribosomal DNA and molecular data to split prokaryotes (K Monera) into 2 groups (Archaea & Bacteria), creating a 3 domain system

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18
Q

Archaea

A
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19
Q

Bacteria

A
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20
Q

Eukarya

A
21
Q

Endosymbyosis

A
22
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Carries out chemosynthesis

23
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Carries out photosynthesis

24
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

Animals like us

25
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

RARE- energy source is light, gets carbon from organic compounds

26
Q

Isogamy

A

Both gametes have similar morphology/ size
“+” individual can only mate with a gamete of another sign “-“, “*”, etc to increase genetic diversity

27
Q

Anisogamy

A

Gametes have different morphology/ sizes
eg. sperm & egg

28
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

An asexual form of reproduction in which an embryo develops without a gamete combining with another gamete.

29
Q

Name the five Eukaryote supergroups

A

Excavata
Chromalveolata
Rhizaria
Archeplastida- plantae
Unikonta- fungi, animalia

30
Q

Name the major groups of Archiplastida

A

Red Algae
Chlorophytes
Charophytes
Embryophytes

31
Q

Red Algae live primarily in _____ ______ waters, and have a modified alternation generations with ______ sporophytes

A

clear tropical
two

32
Q

When did plants invade land?

A

at least 475 million YA

33
Q

What traits are shared between charophytes and embryophytes?

A
34
Q

List the 5 traits shared by all embryophytes

A

Alternation of generations
Sporangia
Gametangia
“dependent” embryos (zygote-> embryo)
Apical meristems

35
Q

Apical Meristem

A

Mitotic cell division at root and shoot tips

36
Q

List the ten phyla of embryophytes– vascular or not? seeds?

A

Liverworts- NV, NS
Mosses- NV, NS
Hornworts- NV, NS
Club & spike mosses- V, NS
Ferns & Horsetails (pterophytes)- V, NS
Cycads- V, S
Conifers- V, S
Gingko- V, S
Gnetophyta- V, S
Angiosperms- V, S

37
Q

Name the two types of vascular tissue and their functions

A

Xylem- transport water & inorganic nutrients
Phloem- transport carbs

38
Q

Protonemata

A

Haploid filaments of cells that will eventually grow into the adult gametophyte (mosses)

39
Q

Rhizoid

A

Root-like structure in non-vascular plants located under the thallus

40
Q

List the three non-vascular plant phyla

A

Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses

41
Q

Sorus (sori)

A

Spore- producing structures on underside of fern leaves

42
Q

List the four phyla of gymnosperms

A

Coniferophyta
Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Gnetophyta

43
Q

List the major groups (clades) of Angiosperms

A

Water lilies
Anise and relatives
Magnoliids
Monocots
Dicots

44
Q

Date of origin of earth

A

4.5 BYA

45
Q

Date of origin of prokaryotes

A

3.5 BYA

46
Q

Date of origin of unicellular eukaryotes

A

2.1 BYA

47
Q

Date of origin of multi-cellular eukaryotes

A

1.5 BYA

48
Q

3 fundamentals of living things

A

Metabolism
Biosynthesis
Reproduction

Eukaryotic Diversity (2 decks)

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