First Half of Course Flashcards
Nodes
Indicate a common ancestor
Homology
When a trait is similar because of a common origin
Convergent Evolution
When a trait develops independently in multiple populations
Surface area: volume ratio ___________ as size increases
decreases
Why does surface area: volume ratio matter?
to maintain metabolism, the cells and body must be able to transport molecules quickly, but ((()))
Origin of Earth
4.5 BYA
Origin of prokaryotes
3.5 BYA
Origin of unicellular eukaryotes
2.1 BYA
Origin of multi-cellular eukaryotes
1.5 BYA
Isogamy
Both gametes have similar morphology/ size
Anisogamy
Gametes have different morphology/ size
(eg. sperm & eggs)
Sexual vs. asexual reproduction
Sexual- two haplontic cells join- genetic variation
Asexual- exact copy of parent- no genetic variation
Diplontic vs Haplontic
Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome
Haploid cells have one chromosome
Alternation of generations
Sporophyte and gametophyte generations
How do plants obtain nutrients?
Photoautotroph
-carries out photosynthesis
How do animals obtain nutrients?
Chemoheterotroph (with ingestion)
How does fungus obtain nutrients?
Chemoheterotroph (with absorption)
Difference between primary and secondary endosymbiosis
Embryophytes
land plants
Embryophytes are characterized by _________ of __________ with a _________ sporophyte and a ________ gametophyte
alternation of generations
diploid
haploid
Benefits and challenges to life on land for plants
Xylem
transports water
Phloem
transports nutrients (sugars and proteins)
___________ __________ allows plants to grow much taller than they would otherwise
Vascular tissue
What are the evolutionary advantages of the seed/ pollen system for life on land?
Pollen can be dispersed over wide areas using the wind, increasing possibility of it landing on another plant and fertilizing.
Seeds allow the plant to choose when to germinate, so it can begin growing in optimal conditions and increasing its chances of survival
What is the function of a plant root and shoot?
Advantages and disadvantages of animal pollination vs. wind pollination
