Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Affective Bases of Behavior > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Emotion

A

episodic, short-term pattern of perception, experience, action and communication in response to social challenges/opportunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mood

A

persisting group of emotion that influences all future evaluations, feelings, and actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mood Disorder

A

disruptions in emotions from what is expected in the typical population & cause significant distress/impairment in an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychological Constructionism

A
  • explore wide variation of how emotions look and feel within/between individuals
  • stimulus –> feel or act in ways; later introspect on feelings and behavior to form an emotional experience
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emotional categorization

A
  • emotions elicited by associated learning, not stimuli
  • to construct emotions, individuals engage in mental process to give structure and meaning
  • categories: reasons for feeling, bodily changes, predictions of appropriate behavior in response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Core Affect

A
  • Constructionists assume the existence of an innate component of emotion called core affect.
  • Core Affect is made of two dimensions: Valence + Activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Valence

A

The degree to which a state is pleasant vs. unpleasant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arousal

A

We feel or act in a variety of ways when we experience an “emotionally arousing stimulus.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Evolutionary Theories of Emotion

A
  • Based on evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin
  • Serviceable habits or gestures
  • Functional, help to solve problems
  • Address challenges to survival or opportunities for reproducing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Basic Emotion Theory

A
  • Silvan Thomson & Paul Ekman
  • Emotions are universal across human species & cross-cultural thru expression, physiological activation & other activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Know the basic emotions

A
  • joy/happiness
  • sadness
  • anger
  • disgust
  • fear
  • surprise
  • contempt
  • shame
  • pride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Appraisal Theory

A
  • emotions are a person’s immediate evaluation of their circumstances
  • emotions determined by how an individual appraises their circumstances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Schacter & Singer’s 2-Factor Theory of Emotion

A

Stimulus -> Arousal -> Label -> Emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Appraisal

A
  • Allows individuals to detect objects/events in one’s environment and evaluate their significance to their immediate well-being.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Table 1 of Fox 2018

A

View the study guide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Know the different way of inducing emotions

A
  • Using images
  • Memories
  • Films
  • Music
  • Scripted Social Interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Know method considerations from slide 14 (Lecture 2)

A

View the study guide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Component Method

A

A method of measuring facial expressions that focuses on facial muscles and how different muscles combine into production different expressions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The Judgement Method

A

A method of measuring facial expressions that is more focused on what observers can infer from expressions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Components of the PNS and their functions

A
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Composed of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nerves
  • Connects the CNS to organs, muscles, vessels, and glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sources of Blunted Emotions (Slide 4 of Lecture 3)

A
  • Childhood trauma and maltreatment
  • Damage to the brain/brain lesions
  • Neurodevelopmental processes or conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder)
  • Certain disease processes like Parkinson’s disease
22
Q

Functional Consequences of Emotional Deficits

A
  • Increased likelihood of antisocial & harmful behavior due to lack of empathy or difficulties understanding distressed emotional expression
  • Poor behavioral regulation & decision-making
  • Limited social engagement & networks
  • Economic viability
23
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A
  • One’s capacity to pat attention to and understand one’s own emotions and those of others, and subsequentially to use those emotions to guide behavior and decisions.
24
Q

Fight vs. Flight vs. Freeze and the branch of the ANS involved with them

A
  • Sympathetic branch
  • Fight: Response that could lead to a danger to be fought off, killed, or scared away.
  • Flight: Response that leads to staying alive and aware of the danger.
  • Freeze: Response that communicates a lack of potential threat or release from attack.
25
Q

Rest & relax responses and the branch of the ANS involved in them (Slide 12)

A
  • Parasympathetic branch
  • When you are in a situation when you can rest and relax, your body actively calms itself and prepares for rest and relaxation.
26
Q

Polyvagal Theory

A
  • Autonomic Nervous System evolved in mammals to mediate specific behavioral and biological functions
  • Immobilization
  • Mobilization
  • Social Communication
27
Q

Cognitive Theory of Emotion

A
  • Oatley & Johnson-Laird (1987)
  • Emotions serve the primary function to coordinating adaptive behavior.
  • Emotions appears when individuals realize their behavior requires adjustment.
28
Q

Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions

A
  • Fredrickson (1998, 2013)
  • Positive emotions help an individual respond to opportunities to thrive.
29
Q

Three Kinds of Smiles

A
  • Reward smiles: rewarding oneself/others for pleasurable/adaptive behavior
  • Affiliative smiles: Developing and maintaining social connections.
  • Dominance smiles: Establishing social hierarchies (e.g., dominance)
30
Q

4 Ways Emotions Influence Social Coordination

A
  • Establishing groups
  • Maintaining/enforcing group norms/structures
  • Group governance
  • Collective/group actions
31
Q

Neurotransmitters vs. Peptides

A
  • Neurotransmitters: “small moleculture”; faster acting + short-term activity
  • Neuropeptides: large neurotransmitter molecultures; 3-30 amino acids within their molecular structure; slow-acting and prolonged acitvity
32
Q

Locationist Perspective

A
  • Specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific emotions.
33
Q

Hemispheric Specialization

A
  • The two hemispheres of the brain are very different in the functions they perform.
  • Right hemisphere: Specialized for emotion, creativity, imagination, spatial ability.
    Left hemisphere: Abstract and logical thinking, computation, language and comprehension.
34
Q

The Right Hemisphere Hypothesis

A
  • Right hemisphere is specialized for emotion, creativity, imagination, spatial ability.
  • Suggests that positive/negative emotional expression, perception, and experience is mostly carried out by the right hemisphere of the brain.
35
Q

The Valence Hypothesis

A
  • Suggests that the experience, perception, and expression of negative emotions is localized within the right hemisphere, while the left hemisphere contains positive emotions.
36
Q

The Approach-Withdraw Hypothesis

A
  • Approach emotions: motivate us to move toward interaction with another individual or stimulus
  • Withdrawal emotions: motivate us to move away from interaction with another individual or stimulus
37
Q

Mirror Neurons

A
  • Special class of motor neurons that activate during the production and perception of an action.
38
Q

Associative Network Models & Emotions

A

Different units of information are connected by associations with other nodes.

39
Q

Embodied Simulation Models

A

Modeling behaviors as intentional experiences on the basis of the equivalence between what the others do and feel and what we do and feel.

40
Q

Know which kind of emotional object (positive or negative) attracts attention more quickly

A
  • Emotional objects draw our attention more than non-emotional objects.
  • Weapon focus: When under threat by a stimuli, we are driven to narrow and hold our attention to it.
41
Q

Emotional-Congruence Hypothesis

A
  • Emotional info tends to be processed more efficiently (e.g. we need less info to be able to categorize info into memory nodes) than non-emotional info.
42
Q

The Positivity Effect

A

Age-related trend that favors positive over negative stimuli in cognitive processing.

43
Q

Mood-Congruent Memory

A

Studies have illustrated patterns of recall where individuals tend to recall more information that shares commonalities with their current mood state.

44
Q

Mood-State Dependent Memory

A

Studies have found that people generally have better retrieval of information they learned in a specific emotional state that shares with their current emotional state.

45
Q

Mood-Congruent Judgement

A

Emotions can influence a person’s judgement, and studies have illustrated that people tend to make judgments that are congruent with their current emotional state.

46
Q

Affect-As-Information Model

A

Emotional information is cognitively treated similarly to other kinds of information when making a judgment.

47
Q

Somatic Marker Hypothesis

A

People tend to create internal simulations of possible choice outcomes, and expect emotions related to those outcomes serve to guide which choice is selected.

48
Q

The effect of emotion on different cognitive domains reviewed in Lecture

A
  • Amygdala: Fear and anxiety
  • Insula: Disgust
  • Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC): Sadness and happiness
  • Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC): anger
49
Q

Know the main results of Laukka & Elfenbein (2021)

A

Perceivers can recognize emotional expressions via nonverbal behavior across cultural divides, and do better within their own cultural boundaries.

50
Q

Know the results of Houben and colleagues (2015) in regards to what kinds of emotion dynamics are associated with low well-being

A

Lower levels of psychological well-being, be it in terms of general affectivity, eudemonic well-being, or several forms of psychopathology symptom severity or diagnosis, were characterized more unstable, but also more self-predictive or inert emotions.

Affective Bases of Behavior (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions