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Technology In Society > MidTerm > Flashcards

MidTerm Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
0
Q

A state or condition of limited access to a person, the intimacies of life, one’s thoughts, or one’s body is a definition of what?

A

Privacy

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1
Q

What was the name of the software that was used during the Super Bowl XXXV to scan for known criminals?

A

FaceVACS

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2
Q

List one of the six items that the book indicates is currently commonly stored electronically.

A

Academic records, health reports, personal statistics, credit references, annual-earning figures, and purchases

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3
Q

Are we now a “paperless society”?

A

False, people like to have multiple copies of everything.

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4
Q

Give an example of an “exotic new high-tech industry”?

A

Biotechnology and artificial intelligence

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5
Q

Mathematical or systematic study of nature resulting in a body of knowledge that is practical, as well as theoretical is a definition of what?

A

Science

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6
Q

Cumulative sum of human means developed in response to society’s needs or desires to systematically solve problems is a definition of what?

A

Technology

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7
Q

Adult in his or her late 50’s who is deathly afraid to use a computer is suffering….?

A

Technophobia

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8
Q

Define innovation.

A

Dynamic interaction between seemingly disparate fields of specialization

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9
Q

Define issues.

A

Dilemmas and controversies commonly associated with technological change

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10
Q

Define perspectives.

A

Diverse sociological viewpoints

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11
Q

When was the word biotechnology first used?

A

Late 1910s

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12
Q

Define biotechnology.

A

Manipulation of biological organisms to make products benefit human beings

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13
Q

Define genome.

A

Set of instructions for making an organism

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14
Q

How many chromosomes does a gold fish have?

A

94

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15
Q

Due to its simplicity what organism was chosen in the early 1970s as the candidate for research in biotechnology.

A

Single-cell bacterium, E. Coli

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16
Q

What does rDNA stand for?

A

Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid

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17
Q

What was the first product or rDNA in the early 1980s and who developed it?

A

Human insulin, Eli Lilly & Co.

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18
Q

What does interferon do in the human body?

A

Fights many viral diseases

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19
Q

List four substances that are commercially produced by the rDNA process.

A

Human insulin, human growth hormone, bovine growth hormone, and chumps is

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20
Q

What does MAb stand for?

A

Monoclonal antibody

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21
Q

List two uses for MAbs.

A

Diagnosis and treatment of diseases and purification of proteins

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22
Q

What was the first GM food?

A

Calgene Flavr Savr Tomato

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23
Q

What percentage of corn, soybeans, and cotton grown in the US is genetically modified?

A

40%, 80%, 70%

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24
Q

What benefit does Golden Rice have over regular rice?

A

People can use it to produce vitamin A

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25
Q

Define transgenetics.

A

When something contains genes outside their species allowing them to produce proteins

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26
Q

What is the general opinion of European countries concerning GM foods?

A

Very negative, more so than the US

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27
Q

How is biotechnology used in waste management?

A

Using biological microorganism to remove pollutants from the environment

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28
Q

Define biomining.

A

Highly acidity levels in certain bacteria used to eat away unwanted iron and minerals, leaving valuable minerals

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29
Q

What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

A

International research effort to map the DNA of human beings (discover all human genes)

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30
Q

Define gene therapy.

A

Method to treat, cure, or prevent human disease by changing a person’s DNA

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31
Q

Define xenotransplantation.

A

Transplantation of animal cells, tissue, or organs into human beings

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32
Q

Which animal is best suited for xenotransplantation in humans?

A

Pigs

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33
Q

Define clone.

A

Exact genetic copy

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35
Q

List six technological breakthroughs in medicine that have been made over the past few decades.

A
  • Artificial joint replacement
  • Heart-lung machines
  • Robotic surgical assistants
  • Cardiac pacemakers
  • Brain pacemakers
  • Organ transplants
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36
Q

List three new diagnostic systems for studying the interior features of the body.

A

Computerized axial tomography (CAT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Endoscopic instrument

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37
Q

Between what time periods were the “baby boomers” born?

A

Mid 1940s - mid 1960s

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38
Q

Which medical care option is a payment scheme in which the hospital receives a fixed fee reflection an average cost of curing a patient’s condition?

A

Diagnoses Related Group

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39
Q

What care plan is in actuality a merger of an insurer and a provider of health care?

A

HMO

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40
Q

What is the name of an organization that includes hospital and physicians offering their services at a fixed price in exchange for a guaranteed supply of patients?

A

PPO

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41
Q

Define pharmacogenomics.

A

A new science in the field of medicine combining knowledge of a person’s genome with what is being done in the pharmaceutical industry

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42
Q

List 6 example of doctors attempting to produce bionic bodies.

A

Replacing human heart, pancreas, kidneys, limbs, blood vessels, and hip joints with synthetic devices

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43
Q

What is the purpose of balloon angioplasty?

A

Can sometimes replace coronary bypass surgery to open clogged arteries

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44
Q

What types of equipment (technology) are used in minimally invasive surgery?

A

Lasers, arthroscopes, shock waves, and nanotechnology

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45
Q

List three medical areas where hyseroscopic laser is commonly used.

A

Pulmonary medicine, urology, and gastroenterology

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46
Q

What is a lithotripter used for?

A

To remove painful kidney stones from a patients body

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47
Q

Define pharming.

A

The use of genetically altered livestock to produce drugs

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48
Q

Define internet.

A

largest information-packed switching network in the world

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49
Q

What is the main difference between LAN and a WAN?

A
  • WANs connect the LANs together over a larger geographic area
  • LANs connect PCs together
  • LAN is faster
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50
Q

What does CMC stand for?

A

Computer-mediated communications

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51
Q

What is an advantage of e-mail over other forms of communications?

A

can be received at anytime, even with out busy schedules

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52
Q

The Internet emerged from the R&D of what agencies?

A

DARPA

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53
Q

What is the definition of a “true” computer virus?

A

a small program designed to alter the way a computer operates and functions without the knowledge of the user

54
Q

What is the name given to a file that masquerades as something else and does not reproduce once it is opened in your computer, but can cause a great deal of damage once it is opened?

A

Trojan Horses

55
Q

Define what a worm is and does.

A
  • Programs that are move from one computer to another automatically
  • Uses email programs to send itself to another computer
56
Q

Define E-Commerce.

A

Sale or purchase of goods and services using the internet

57
Q

What is the difference between a “cookie” and a “web bug”?

A

-Cookies are stored in the PC, while web bugs are kept by the website to track previous searches or online orders

58
Q

What is the name for managing money and investments online called?

A

E-Finance

59
Q

What is the main advantage of fiber-optics over copper wire in transmitting data?

A

Faster and safer than copper

60
Q

Define telematics.

A

Use of wireless voice and data technologies between a car and somewhere else?

61
Q

Define intranet.

A

Private corporate computer network

62
Q

What is the purpose of a “firewall”?

A

Makes sure there are no unauthorized messages; to stop hackers from breaking into a company’s computer system

63
Q

When does an intranet become and extranet?

A

When a company allows customers and other users to have limited access to the organization’s intranet

64
Q

What is the difference between WAN and a VPN?

A

VPN is cheaper, available through internet providers

65
Q

What is the name of futuristic software that will enhance a person’s physical and intellectual potential and be able to learn from experiences and respond to unexpected situations?

A

PIXELearning

66
Q

List several industrial applications for virtual reality.

A

Training firefighters, nurses, astronauts, and pilots

67
Q

Define telecommuting.

A

Virtual transportation, work is transported to the employees

68
Q

What do you see being the biggest drawback to telecommuting?

A
  • Loss of managerial control
  • Being overlooked for promotions
  • Imprisonment and isolation
69
Q

Define videoconferencing.

A

Ability to communicate visually using computer technology, television monitors, cameras, microphones, and special modems

70
Q

Define teleconferencing.

A

Videoconferencing option found in desktop systems connected to a network utilizing digital video transmitions

71
Q

What is a “computer blacklist”?

A

provide consumer credit records to banks, stores, and employers

72
Q

What was the first successful artificial satellite?

A

Sputnik I

73
Q

“Skylab”: who launched it? What time period? And when did it fall to Earth?

A

NASA, 1970s, never

74
Q

What is the significance of the “glass cockpit” first put into the shuttle Atlantis?

A
  • Allowed shuttle to use cockpit displays similar to new commercial aircrafts
  • More universal
  • Lighter and more efficient
75
Q

What was the latest shuttle disaster and when did it happen?

A

Columbia, 2003

76
Q

What is the purpose of a spectrograph in a space telescope?

A

Separates light from the telescope into different components so the composition and temperature of a planet or star can be analized

77
Q

What is the purpose of gyroscope in a space telescope?

A

Keep spacecraft balanced

78
Q

How far can the following things “see” into space? Man unaided, ground observatory, Hubble Space Telescope

A
  • Man unaided- 600,000
  • Ground observatory- 2 billion lightyears
  • Hubble Space Telescope- 14 billion lightyears
79
Q

What was the the name of the Russian (USSR) space station?

A

Mir

80
Q

What is the most distant Earth spacecraft?

A

Voyager I

81
Q

What was the purpose of the Galileo spacecraft?

A

Study Jupiter and its moons (Io and Europa)

82
Q

What was the first successful US mission to Mars?

A

Mariner 4

83
Q

What was the name of the Mars Pathfinder rover that moved around the Marian surface in the late 1990s?

A

Sojourner

84
Q

Define aerobraking.

A

Taking advantage of a planet’s atmosphere to slow down a spacecraft, spacecraft slows down because of air resistance and lost altitude

85
Q

How many countries are participating in building the International Space Station?

A

16

86
Q

List one item that is considered “space junk”?

A

Rocket bodies

87
Q

How far away from the Earth does a geostationary orbit take place?

A

22,300 miles

88
Q

What was the name of the first communication satellite launched by the US?

A

Echo I

89
Q

Which satellite ushered in the era of live translation television broadcasting?

A

Telstar

90
Q

What is the name of the first series of satellites began the 1970s, which were designed to take different types of images of the Earth?

A

LandSat

91
Q

What was the original purpose of the Global Positioning System?

A

Military purposes, solve persistent problem in warefare

92
Q

What are the four future goals of NASA?

A
  • Conduct studies to collect info and knowledge to protect our environment
  • Accelerate unmanned mission program
  • Resume manned visits to the Moon
  • Conduct manned mission to Mars
93
Q

What is the main symptom of space adaptation syndrome?

A

Nausea

94
Q

Define bioastronautics.

A
  • Study of life in space

- Study of how organisms adapt to conditions of weightlessness and readapt to life on Earth

95
Q

What happens to an astronaut body after being in space a few months?

A
  • Muscles grow weak
  • Heart and blood vessels slow down
  • Mineral loss that weakens their bodies
96
Q

What is the name of a recently FDA approved robotic surgical system?

A

DaVinci Robotic Surgical System

97
Q

What is the name of the procedure in which an egg from a woman’s ovary is fertilized outside of her body by the father’s sperm in a laboratory dish and then is reimplanted in the woman’s uterus?

A

InVitro fertilization

98
Q

Describe the two variations of surrogate motherhood.

A
  • Surrogate mother is artificially inseminated with the father’s sperm
  • Egg from mother is fertilized with dad’s sperm then the embryo is implanted into the surrogate mother’s uterus
99
Q

How is embryo transfer different from surrogate motherhood?

A

It uses another woman’s eggs, which is then flushed and inserted into the mother’s uterus

100
Q

Explain the details of cryo-preservation.

A

Woman’s eggs are fertilized and cooled to -321 degrees Fahrenheit in liquid nitrogen

101
Q

Define amniocentesis.

A

Medical test normally performed during a woman’s 16th week of pregnancy to determine if the unborn child has certain birth defects

102
Q

Define ultrasound.

A

Procedure that uses sound waves to produce a sonogram, which is a visual of a person’s internal organs

103
Q

Define fetoscopy.

A

Use of fiber-optic technology to study a fetus as it develops inside the uterus, enables doctors to treat diseases that could be fatal to the fetus

104
Q

What ancient society was one of the first to use self-diagnosis?

A

Ancient Egyptians (1350 bc)

105
Q

List two do it yourself home health-testing devices that could be purchased at the local convenience store.

A

Pregnancy test and ovulation test

106
Q

Define living will.

A

Formal declaration a competent adult writes stating a wish and expectation that if he becomes so mentally or physically ill that there is no prospect of recovery, any procedures designed to prolong life should be withheld

107
Q

What was the first legislation to recognize the living will and when it was passed?

A

Natural Death Act in California in the mid-1970s

108
Q

What umbrella acronym is used to name a host of automation technologies used in manufacturing?

A

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

109
Q

What country was lean manufacturing developed?

A

Japan

110
Q

How is concurrent engineering different from the traditional linear approach?

A

In CE there is increased interaction between the designers and manufactures before the product goes to the manufacturing floor where in the linear approach decisions were made when they were on that step

111
Q

What is the main purpose of DFMA?

A

To simplify the product and improve the incidence of defect free manufacturing

112
Q

Define JIT

A

Manufacturing philosophy attempting yo eliminate waste throughout the system including inventory at both ends of production and all machinery and man power not adding value directly to the product

113
Q

Which system, CIM or CAM, allows for computers all over a manufacturing plane to communicate with each other?

A

CIM

114
Q

What acronym is given to the computerized drawing of parts?

A

CAD

115
Q

What is another name for a numerically controlled machine?

A

CAM

116
Q

List one tangible benefit that has been reported among CIM users.

A

Reduction in he duplication of data entry concerning product specification, tolerance, order quantities, inventory levels and raw material

117
Q

What is the difference between lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing?

A

lean manufacturers are partners with their suppliers, while agile manufacturers focus on the customer and customer’s needs

118
Q

How does supply chain management work?

A

Companies are specializing, components depend on external suppliers or outsourcing of an increased percentage of manufactured components

119
Q

What is the purpose of a kanban card or ticket?

A

Used in place of job orders and routing sheets, emphasizing small load sizes

120
Q

What is bar coding?

A

Automatic ID technology

121
Q

What is the name of the most common used bar coding symbol?

A

Universal Product Code (UPC)

122
Q

What is the purpose of MRP?

A

Plan future purchase orders and manufacturing lots according to what is required to complete a master production schedule

123
Q

What is MRP II?

A

Application software structure manufacturing managers are using

124
Q

What is the name of the machining centers, that “soft” custom manufacturing uses, that can produce a variety of part by a simple change of software?

A

FMS

125
Q

List 5 commercially available rapid prototyping systems.

A
  • Laser modeling systems
  • Solid ground curing
  • Fused deposition modeling
  • Fast casting
  • Laminated-object manufacturing
126
Q

What type of manufacturing groups machines together rather than placing them on an assembly line?

A

Cellular manufacturing

127
Q

What layout technology is used to achieve cellular manufacturing?

A

Group technology

128
Q

What does TQM stand for?

A

Total Quality Management

129
Q

What type of quality assurance is based on prevention-oriented rather than inspection-driven?

A

Statistical Process Control

130
Q

What is the name of a technique that has recently been developed and is a systematic way for manufacturing firm to identify customer requirements and covert them into design and manufacturing needs?

A

Quality Function Deployment

131
Q

What does ISO 9000 certification indicate about a company?

A

The company meets international quality standards

132
Q

Who is often referred to as father of robotics?

A

Joseph Engleberger

Technology In Society (2 decks)

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