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Theatre History > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

abydos passion play

A

first recorded “play”
story of osiris, acted in abydos (where osiris was buried)
performed 2500-550

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2
Q

The City Dionysia

A

festival in honor of Dionysus
large theatrical events were held

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3
Q

534 BCE

A

dionysia was started

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4
Q

Aeschylus

A

oresteia

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5
Q

Sophocles

A

oedipus, antigone

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6
Q

Euripides

A

madea

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7
Q

What are Aristotle’s 6 elements of theatre?

A

plot, character, thought, language, music, spectacle

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8
Q

catharsis

A

purgation of emotions

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9
Q

hamartia

A

error, mistake, missing the mark (applies to main character/hero)
caused by main character
fatal/tragic flaw

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10
Q

what makes a good hamartia?

A

if it is potentially good as well (excess of a good thing leads to downfall)

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11
Q

peripeteia

A

reversal of fortune

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12
Q

what makes a good peripeteia?

A

the farther they have to fall (good to start with kings and queens)

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13
Q

anagnorisis

A

recognition of hamartia

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14
Q

why did old comedy (greek) die off?

A

it was based off making fun of important political figures, was obviously very controversial

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15
Q

menander

A

342-292 BCE
known for “the grouch” - dyskonos

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16
Q

were actors respected in rome?

A

no, but sometimes they ended up being rich

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17
Q

plautus

A

manaechmi
fairly popular
relied on stock characters

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18
Q

terence

A

former slave
potentially the first black playwright
also used stock characters
comedy based more on language

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19
Q

seneca

A

stoic philosopher
wrote tragedies based on greek models, but emphasized violence
hamartia isn’t a character trait, but an obsession of emotion

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20
Q

what did seneca think plays should (or could) have? who was influenced by this?

A

5 act structure
witches and ghosts
violence

renaissance playwrights

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21
Q

horace

A

heavily emphasized rules of theatre (similar to aristotle)

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22
Q

what were horace’s 5 rules?

A

5 acts
3 characters at a time
don’t mix genres
decorum (character and action)
“profit and please”

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23
Q

what did tertullian think about theatre?

A

pleasurable/entertaining and therefore BAD
pleasurable = worldly/separate from God
origins of monasticism sort of

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24
Q

hana

A

flower

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25
Q

noh theatre

A

very slow, very lyrical, minimal set and props, very elaborate costumes and masks
nothing really happens plot-wise
“main character” is usually referenced but not seen until second act
actors train for years in the discipline

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26
Q

bunraku

A

very elaborate puppetry, usually folktales
1st puppetmaster - head and right arm
2nd - left arm
3rd - feet

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27
Q

kabuki

A

similar to noh in costuming, movements, vocal lyricism, music
differ in speed of movements (lots of dancing), types of stories (sometimes noh, sometimes bunraku, sometimes mix of both)

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28
Q

did formal/legal theatre exist 500-900 CE?

A

no

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29
Q

what are the 3 M’s of medieval theatre?

A

mystery- bible stories
miracle - plays about saints
morality - moral lesson through allegorical characters

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30
Q

why were mystery plays called mystery plays? (where did the term mystery play come from?)

A

ministerium (religious service or office) referred to the acting guilds that would perform the plays

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31
Q

why did religious plays start to lose popularity?

A

the church didn’t approve because they were pretty inaccurate and started to glorify the actors as opposed to the story/God

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32
Q

Key compenents of neoclassicism

A

decorum
Verisimiltude

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33
Q

Verisimilitude

A

appearance of truth

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34
Q

3 unities

A

time
action
place

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35
Q

alexandre hardy

A

wrote hundreds of plays
messengers (Italian influence)
5 act structure
doesn’t care about unities

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36
Q

why was le cid controversial?

A

context: popular spanish inspired french play
play was well-loved, but didn’t follow the “rules” (time and place not believable, too much going on)

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37
Q

What philosophical movement influenced 18th century theatre?

A

enlightenment - emphasis of human reason

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38
Q

Denis Diderot

A

drame - plays don’t have to be solely drama or comedy
fourthwall

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39
Q

sturm und drang

A

“storm and stress”
rejection of enlightenment
celebration of wild forces and nature

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40
Q

master juba (william henry lane)

A

african american actor who was known for blackface style acting (similar to zanni characters)

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41
Q

what was the purpose of blackface, vaudeville, burlesque, etc.?

A

purely entertainment: singing and dancing, comedy, spectacle, no real overarching story

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42
Q

delsarte

A

believed specific body movements/physical action expressed emotion
wanted actors to base movements on observations of everyday people/life

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43
Q

melodrama

A

plot > characters
clear difference btwn good and evil characters
sort of 19th century equivalent of MCU

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44
Q

layout of greek stages

A

theatron (“viewing place”) - seating area for audience
orchestra - playing area for actors
skene - scene building

45
Q

layout of noh stages

A

hashigakari - bridge btwn actors room (offstage) and stage; usually 20 ft long
main playing space: 18ft, square, roofed, ceremonial pine tree painted in back
small section in back for 4 musicians
usually outdoors, audience sits on 3 sides

46
Q

layout of restoration stages

A
  • indoor proscenium arch buildings
  • audience divided into pit, boxes, galleries
  • similar size to elizabethan private theatres
  • stage split in half; forestage almost as deep as stage behind proscenium (apron used for performances, area behind proscenium used for scenery)
    -2 proscenium doors on each side with balconies on top
47
Q

aristophanes

A

best known comic playwright during greek golden age:
the clouds
the archanians
lysistrata
plutus

48
Q

characters of old and new comedy

A

old comedy - important social and political figures
new comedy - fictional average citizens

49
Q

roman stages

A

cavea - roman equivalent of theatron
orchestra - playing space
scaena - roman equivalent of skene

50
Q

Natyashastra

A

“study of (or art of) theatre” - describes mythological origin of theatre in India
describes important material about nature of Indian drama

51
Q

Rasa

A

nectar, essence or taste - aesthetic “flavor” of any artistic work that evokes emotion/feeling in audience but can’t be described

52
Q

Kathakali

A

classical indian dance - emphasis on story through movements, not words

53
Q

Zeami

A

noh playwright/theorist/actor/director that influenced noh popularity/prestige
wrote matsukaze

54
Q

Kabuki Stage

A

hanamichi - walkway to stage (through audience)
usually space for musicians on stage
revolving stage

55
Q

Wayang kulit

A

Indonesian shadow puppetry

56
Q

Hrosvitha

A

earliest known female dramatist; nun
wrote dulcitius

57
Q

Tropes and Quem quaeritis

A

tropes - extended musical passages in church drama (2 groups responding in song, almost like a dialogue)
quem quaeritis - “whom do you seek?” first words spoken in trope for easter service

58
Q

Cycle Plays

A

series of short dramas performed in sequence, usually biblical stories or stories based off biblical characters or saints

59
Q

Hell mouth

A

stage piece used to dramatize entrance to hell

60
Q

What caused decline of religious theatre?

A

protestant reformation –> roman catholic church withdrew support (saw theatre as weakening the church)
Protestantism saw theatre as tool for catholicism, outlawed by elizabeth I
secular qualities became more popular than religious

61
Q

Intermezzi and pastorals

A

intermezzi - short pieces depicting mythological tales
pastorals - italian imitation of greek satyr plays (short comic pieces)

62
Q

Lazzi

A

bits of physical comedy

63
Q

Teatro Olimpico

A

oldest surviving theatre from italian renaissance
palladio and scamozzi
3000 spectator auditorium

64
Q

Teatro Farnese

A

known for prototype proscenium arch stage (not first, but only one still standing)

65
Q

Giacomo Torelli

A

known for stage settings and scene design
perfected pole and chariot method

66
Q

Decorum

A

principle of classical rhetoric, poetry and theatrical theory concerning the fitness or otherwise of a style to a theatrical subject

67
Q

The University Wits

A

16th century English playwrights educated at university

68
Q

Christopher Marlowe

A

Responsible for popularizing iambic pentameter
Wrote for performance, not publication
Was a spy
Eventually arrested for atheism and stabbed
elizabethan playwright that influenced shaskespeare
tamburlaine, dr. faustus, jew of malta, massare at palis, edward II

69
Q

The Globe

A

theatre shakespeare wrote for

70
Q

Ben Johnson

A

volpone, the alchemist, isle of dogs

71
Q

Beaumont and Fletcher

A

philaster, a king and no king, the maid’s tragedy,

72
Q

The Masque

A

16th century court entertainment: singing, dancing, acting

73
Q

Inigo Jones

A

brought italian scene design to england (arches, chariot, scenic perspective)

74
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

puritan, didn’t like theatre

75
Q

Auto Sacramentales

A

auto - one act play
sacramentales - sacraments
plays performed at corpus christi (festival celebrating power of the sacraments)

76
Q

Lope de Vega

A

establushed episodic structure for spanish drama
writing similar to shakespeare

77
Q

Pedro Calderon

A

popular spanish playwright
life is a dream

78
Q

Ana Caro Mallén de Soto

A

female spanish playwright

79
Q

Corrales

A

public theatre for nonreligious plays similar to Elizabethan theatre spaces

80
Q

Pierre Corneille

A

the cid

81
Q

Moliere

A

neoclassical french playwright
tartuffe

82
Q

Comedie Françoise

A

government supported french national theatre
formed from Louis XIV merging two earlier troupes
moliere’s theatre

83
Q

Palais Cardinal/Palais-Royal

A
84
Q

William Davenant and Thomas Killgrew

A

dramatists from renaissance theatre to restoration

85
Q

Aphra Behn

A

restoration era female playwright, one of the first women to make a living off writing
the rover

86
Q

William Wycherley

A

restoration era playwright
country wife, plain dealer

87
Q

George Farquhar

A

restoration comedy
The Constant Couple, The Recruiting Officer and The Beaux’ Stratagem.

88
Q

Nell Gwynn

A

restoration english actress (still a novelty at the time) known for “breeches roles”
attracted Charles Hart (leading actor) and became mistress
became mistress of charles II

89
Q

Drury Lane Theatre

A

17th century theatre built by Thomas Killgrew still standing today

90
Q

Richard Sheridan and School for Scandal

A

famous 18th century comedy

91
Q

Carlo Goldoni and Carlo Gozzi

A

Goldoni - thought commedia should be more realistic, wrote full scripts (no improv) and got rid of masks
Gozzi - thought commedia should be more unrealistic and exotic

92
Q

The Hallam Family

A

started the first official theatre in the US

93
Q

Charles Macklin

A

introduced natural style of acting in 18th century
killed a guy over a wig

94
Q

David Garrick

A

“first” director
revitalized 18th century theatre

95
Q

Sarah Burnhardt and Elenora Duse

A
96
Q

Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe

A
97
Q

Minstrel Shows

A

american comic entertainment that relied on blackface

98
Q

Vaudeville

A

burlesque comedy, song and dance

99
Q

Romanticism

A

emphasis on emotions

100
Q

Eugene Scribe and the Well-made play

A

mechanically builds up to climax
domestic melodrama that touched on prevelant subjects, used tropes like missing letters

101
Q

Richard Wagner and Gesamtkunstwerk

A

“total work of art”
involves all art forms (music, poetry, drama, scenic design)

102
Q

Ira Aldridge

A

first famous black actor
known for othello

103
Q

Theatre Riots

A
104
Q

Life is a Dream

A

17th century spanish play by Pedro Calderón de la Barca
segismundo imprisoned because prophecy –> drugged and given a chance to be a benevolent ruler
rosaura travelling as a man to get revenge on astolfo

105
Q

Matsukaze

A

noh play of 3rd category (women’s category)
monk finds pine tree thats a grave marker for sisters matsukaze and marasume
ghosts of sisters take monk in and explain love of yukihira
in her grief matsukaze goes slightly mad and mistakes pine tree for yukihira

106
Q

Brothers Manaechmus

A

roman comedy
twin brothers separated at birth
twin switchery and shenanigans occur due to mistaken identitites

107
Q

Shakuntala

A
108
Q

Oedipus

A

greek tragedy
king finds out he’s cursed his city by accidentally killing his dad and marrying his mom (as a result of mom and dad giving him up to avoid prophecy)
ends up gouging out his eyes

109
Q

roman and greek stages had the same 3 core elements, so what was the difference btwn the two?

A

roman spaces were free-standing (as opposed to being built into the hillside)
stone stage house was connected to seating area
roman orchestra was a semi-circle as opposed to full circle
roman stage was long and wide
roman stage house was several stories high

Theatre History (2 decks)

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