Final

Question 1

what started symbolism movement?

Answer 1

reaction against realism
example: a doll’s house is good, but symbolism (dolls, birds) is what made it better
focus on depiction of inner life instead of

Question 2

max reinhardt

Answer 2

eclectic director
directed massive spectacles (like a whole city block serving as a performance space)

Question 3

commercial and popular theatre

Answer 3

theatre syndicate
david belasco

Question 4

Naturalism

Answer 4

extreme sect of realism
theatre should present picture of real world without any rearrangement or editing (artist’s presence should not be felt)
focus on lowest parts of society and dark side of human condition

Question 5

Émile Zola

Answer 5

famous naturalist
Thérèse Raquin

Question 6

Gerhart Hauptmann

Answer 6

naturalism
Before Sunrise
The Weavers

Question 7

Maksim Gorky

Answer 7

naturalism
the lower depths

Question 8

Théâtre Libre

Answer 8

“free theatre”
paris 1887, André Antoine
naturalist theatre, since nobody wanted to produce naturalist theatre

Question 9

Konstantin Stanislavski (stanislavskian technique)

Answer 9

actor should believe in everything happening on stage/everything they’re doing
physical movements should look natural
actor should convey inner needs of character
character should be dynamic and continuous
strong sense of ensemble playing with other characters in scene

Question 10

Adolphe Appia and Edward Gordon Craig

Answer 10

modern stage design, antirealistic stage design
simple, symbolic sets meant to work with the actor
craig - free theatre from dependence on realism, literature, and the actor; best performer would be an übermarionette or “super puppet” (completely controlled by the director)

Question 11

Vsevelod Meyerhold

Answer 11

anti Stanislavski, anti-realism
wanted to shatter 4th wall
believed director > star performer
used constructivist sets
emphasized physical movement (commedia, vaudville, mime, biomechanics)

Question 12

expressionism

Answer 12

emphasizes inner experience of characters (via distortion of reality)

Question 13

futurism

Answer 13

1910-WWI
emphasized speed, technology, violence

Question 14

dada

Answer 14

intentionally pointless, supposed to make you upset
precursor to absurdism

Question 15

the bauhaus

Answer 15

german institution
integration of all art forms

Question 16

Bertolt Brecht

Answer 16

anti illusionist
plays were episodic and focused on history or foreign lands
intellectual (as opposed to emotional) manipulation to “wake audience up” (create intellectual climate for social change)
alienation:
- music
- narration
- non-realistic acting

Question 17

little theatre movement

Answer 17

believed in more experimental/dramatic works
opposed hollywood/commercial theatre
influenced by European artists, Moscow art theatre

Question 18

the group theatre

Answer 18

1931-1940
communist farm theatre
noncommercial theatre company –> introduced stanislavski’s methods to america
lee strasberg, cheryl crawford, harold clurman

Question 19

Lee Strasburg

Answer 19

associated with method acting

Question 20

Stella Adler

Answer 20

opposed method acting
more character analysis acting-based methods

Question 21

tyron guthrie

Answer 21

renowned british director
started regional theatre movement
opposed to commercialism of theatre

Question 22

postmodernism

Answer 22

no “T” truth
pokes holes in or deconstructs stereotypical models

Question 23

Anton Chekhov

Answer 23

realistic playwright, modern tragicomedy (bittersweet, comedy adds to the tragedy rather than being separate from it)
Ivanov
The Bear
The marriage proposal
The Sea Gull
uncle vanya
the three sisters
the cherry orchard

Question 24

august strindberg

Answer 24

plays were expressionistic, used symbolism, unrealistic shifts in action –> later influence surrealist movement and theatre of the absurd
master olaf
the father
miss julie
to damascus
a dream play
the ghost sonata

Question 25

eclectics

Answer 25

group that attempted to bridge gap between realism and antirealism --> each play should define its own form

Question 26

surrealism

Answer 26

developed out of dada movement dramatic recreation of of subconscious workings

Question 27

antonin artaud and theatre of cruelty

Answer 27

artaud - originally associated with surrealists, beleived western theatre needed to be completely transformed beleived classics shoul donly be produced if they were still relevant to contemporary audiences theatre = sensory experience, asssault of senses ability to purge human inclination towards agression and violence

Question 28

eva le gallienne

Answer 28

british actress and director pioneer of noncommercial theatre in america, wanted to make serious drama available to american audiences first actress to play peter pan

Question 29

eugene o'neill

Answer 29

First important serious american dramatist Saw theatre as a high calling/art form, not just as entertainment or a way to make money → paved the way for meaningful drama Wrote almost every form of drama (realism, expressionism, modern greek tragedy) The Hairy Ape Strange Interlude The Great God Brown Mourning Becomes Electra Long Day’s Journey Into Night

Question 30

existentialism

Answer 30

little meaning to existence God doesn't exist meaning comes from individual experience

Question 31

absurdism

Answer 31

existence, relationships, language = futile or absurd unstructured plot unrealistic characters strange settings

Question 32

Samuel Beckett

Answer 32

absurdist playwright - dullness of routine - futility of human action - inability of humans to communicate waiting for gadot

Question 33

eugène ionesco

Answer 33

absurdist playwright characters = caractictures ridiculous dramatic action futility of communication/nonsensical dialogue the bald soprano

Question 34

harold pinter

Answer 34

absurdist playwright no explanation of plot or anything the room the dumbwaiter the birthday party a slight ache

Question 35

jerzy growtowski

Answer 35

poor theatre - you only need the actor and the audience his theories have had more influence than his practical work (like artaud or brecht)

Question 36

arthur miller

Answer 36

focus on failure, guilt, responsibility for one's actions all my sons the crucible

Question 37

tenessee williams

Answer 37

outcasts trapped in hostile environment glass menagerie streetcar named desire cat on a hot tin roof

Question 38

edward albee

Answer 38

absurdism who's afraid of virginia wolf

Question 39

angry young playwrights

Answer 39

group of antiestablishment playwrights in 1950s england traditional realistic form look back in anger

Question 40

peter brook

Answer 40

producer/director influenced by artaud directed marat/sade and midsummer (the trapeze one)

Question 41

josef svoboda

Answer 41

kinetics --> setting must be dynamic complex integrations of performers and projected images

Question 42

living theatre

Answer 42

avant garde company in 50s and 60s poetic drama (i.e. brecht, lorca, stein, etc.) partially influenced by artaud/theatre of cruelty