midterm

Question 1

objective lenses

Answer 1

scanning power -4x
low power -10x
high power - 40x
oil immersion - 100x

Question 2

what does the ocular lens do

Answer 2

inverts image

Question 3

what does parfocal mean

Answer 3

stays in focus even when you change lenses (working distance)

Question 4

what does immersion oil do

Answer 4

increase resolution
decrease light refraction

Question 5

3 types of carbohydrates with examples

Answer 5

monosaccharide -glucose
disaccharide -sucrose
polysaccharide - starch/glycogen/cellulose

Question 6

what is the test for sugars / positive result

Answer 6

benedicts test - precipitate/ green reddish brown

Question 7

test for monosaccharides / positive result

Answer 7

barfoeds test
+ is red precipitate

Question 8

test for starch/ positive result

Answer 8

iodine test
starch = dark blue
glycogen =red brown

Question 9

lipid test

Answer 9

if transparent then has lipid / if it doesn’t mix
water is polar/ lipid non polar

Question 10

test for amino acids / positive result

Answer 10

ninhydrin test
+ is purple color

Question 11

test for peptide bonds / positive result

Answer 11

biuret test
violet = protein
light purple = peptides

Question 12

test for DNA /positive results

Answer 12

dische test
+ for deoxyribose sugar is blue

Question 13

what is a blank

Answer 13

sample only containing ex water to get a baseline reading / doesn’t contain anything of interest

Question 14

serial dilutions

Answer 14

set of dilutions prepared from previous dilutions

Question 15

C1 V1 = C2 V2

Answer 15

to get usually stock volume

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

diffusion of solvent( water) moves to where more solute it

Question 17

osmotic pressure

Answer 17

amount of force needed to oppose osmosis

Question 18

thistle tube experiment

Answer 18

height in tube increases as water moves into molasses (more solute)

Question 19

tonicity

Answer 19

concentration of solutes on one side of membrane compared to the other

Question 20

isotonic

Answer 20

equal solute inside and outside

Question 21

hypotonic

Answer 21

less solute outside more solute inside ( water rushed in swelling up the cell)

-lysis/ hemolysis in animal
-maximum turgor pressure in plant

Question 22

hypertonic

Answer 22

more solutes outside cell then inside (water rushes out of cell)

-crenate in animal
-decreased turgor pressure in plants

Question 23

salt concentration greater than 0.9%?

Answer 23

hypertonic

Question 24

salt concentration less than 0.9%?

Answer 24

hypotonic

Question 25

salt concentration equal to 0.9%?

Answer 25

isotonic

Question 26

histology

Answer 26

study of tissue

Question 27

cytology

Answer 27

study of form and function

Question 28

diagnostic staining

Answer 28

gram + = large amounts of peptidoglycan = purple PPP
gram - = large amounts of mycolic acid = red

Question 29

what equation is used to determine size of one cell

Answer 29

FOV/ how many can fit across

Question 30

equation used to calculate scale bars

Answer 30

FOV / distance across circle (diameter in cm)