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SPSC 3276 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

How to assess movement with FMS

A

Squatting, stepping, lunging, reaching, leg raising, push-up, rotary stability

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2
Q

What systems form a functional human chain of biomechanics

A

Nervous, muscular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems

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3
Q

What are some injury risk factors

A

Previous injury, high/low BMI, asymmetry, poor balance

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4
Q

Where are Joint Mecano receptors found

A

Joint capsule, ligaments, menisci, muscles, tendon

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5
Q

Where are muscle McCannel receptors found

A

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

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6
Q

What is the ideal posture

A

ear – shoulder – hip – knee – ankle

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7
Q

What is kyphosis

A

Upper back curvature

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8
Q

What is lordosis

A

Lower back curvature

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9
Q

What is scoliosis

A

S shape of the spine in the frontal plane

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10
Q

What is genu valgum

A

Knock knees/knees inward

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11
Q

What is genu Verum

A

Bowlegs/knees outward

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12
Q

What is tibial recurvatum

A

Hyperextension of the knee

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13
Q

What is Q angle

A

A measurement of the pelvis [ASIS] to the patella

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14
Q

What is the average Q angle in males versus females

A

Males <13 degrees
Females <18 degrees

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15
Q

What is pes planus

A

Flatfoot

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16
Q

What is Pes cavus

A

High arch foot

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17
Q

What is an athletic injury

A

Disruption in tissue continuity
Forces on the body passing the body‘s threshold

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18
Q

What is an exposed injury

A

Disruption of skin continuity

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19
Q

What is an unexposed injury

A

Internal, skin not broken

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20
Q

What are the two mechanisms of athletic injury

A

Direct and indirect

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21
Q

What is a hematoma

A

It is more severe than a contusion [Bruise], a localized mass of blood and lymph

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22
Q

What is a muscle strain

A

An injury to a muscle or tendon

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23
Q

What is a minor muscle strain

A

Overstretch of a muscle or tendon

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24
Q

What is a severe muscle strain

A

A partial or complete tear of a muscle or tendon

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25
Q

What are the three grades of strains

A

Grade 1-pull/stretch
Grade 2- partial tear
Grade 3- avulsion (complete tear)

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26
Q

What is a ligament sprain

A

Stretching or tearing ligaments

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27
Q

Define dislocation

A

Where the bone is forced out of normal position in the joint

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28
Q

What are the types of dislocations

A

Normal, anterior – dislocates forward, posterior – dislocates backwards

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29
Q

What is acromioclavicular dislocation

A

Where the clavicle pops up from the ligaments tearing completely

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30
Q

What is subluxation

A

An incomplete or partial dislocation

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31
Q

What is luxation

A

A complete separation of joints

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32
Q

Define fractures

A

Disruptions to the bone

33
Q

What causes stress fractures

A

Overuse [microtears/brakes]

34
Q

define Myositis

A

Inflamation of connective tissue

35
Q

Define Myosotis ossification

A

Bone tissue forms in a muscle

36
Q

Define tendonitis

A

Tendon inflammation

37
Q

Define tendinosis

A

Tendon degeneration

38
Q

Define tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon sheath

39
Q

What is bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa [typically found between tendons and bones]

40
Q

What is soft tissue

A

Non-bony tissue

41
Q

What are a muscles properties

A

Parallel, vascular

42
Q

What are a ligaments properties

A

Wavy, avascular

43
Q

What are the three forces acting on the body

A

Compression – ask your loads along and access
tension – stretching and pulling along and access
shearing – oppositely directly loads that are parallel

44
Q

Define necrosis

A

02 Deprivation resulting in cell death

45
Q

What are the injuries to the skin

A

Abrasions – dermis exposed
Incisions – sharp cut [clean]
Laceration – irregular tear [Jagged]
Avulsion - tearing off of skin or other body part
Puncture – may be deep
Blisters

46
Q

What is a primary injury

A

Bleeding, damaged tissue

47
Q

What is a secondary injury

A

Any damage occurring to the primary injury

48
Q

What are the three response phases Of soft tissue response

A

Acute vascular response
Repair and regeneration – collagen
Remodelling and maturation

49
Q

Define vasodilation

A

Blood vessels open wider to allow greater blood flow

50
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

Blood vessels constrict to lessen blood flow

51
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

Muscle fibres increase in size

52
Q

Define atrophy

A

Muscle fibres reducing in size

53
Q

Define necrosis

A

Cell death When no 02

54
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of inflammation

A

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

55
Q

What is shock

A

Shock is a collapse of the cardiovascular system when insufficient blood cannot provide circulation for the entire body

56
Q

What are the types of shock

A

Hypovolemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Obstructive shock

57
Q

What is hypovolemic shock

A

Too little blood volume

58
Q

What is cardiogenic shock

A

Heart problems

59
Q

What is anaphylactic shock

A

Severe allergic reaction

60
Q

What is septic shock

A

Caused by infection

61
Q

What is neurogenic shock

A

Damage to the nervous system

62
Q

What is obstructive shock

A

Embolism, pneumothorax

63
Q

What are signs and symptoms of shock

A

Pulse-rapid, weak
Skin – cool, clammy, pale
Breathing – Rapid, shallow
Sweating – profusely
Pupils – dilated, dull eyes
B.P. - steadily failing
Unconsciousness
Nausea

64
Q

Define concussion

A

A concussion is a (traumatic) injury  To the brain, when these occur in sports they could possibly be career ending

65
Q

What type of injury is a concussion

A

A functional injury

66
Q

How does one get a concussion

A

There is a quick acceleration and the acceleration of the brain which causes neurons to become stretched

67
Q

Can you screen a concussion

A

No, concussions do not show up on any neuroimaging

68
Q

How long does it take to make a full recovery from a concussion

A

Approximately 22 to 30 days

69
Q

 What is WAD

A

Whiplash associated disorder

70
Q

What are some symptoms of concussions

A

Dizziness, neck pain, light and sound sensitivity, trouble sleeping, balance issues, slowed reaction times

71
Q

What should I do if my player has a concussion

A

Do not give them any medication, remove their gear, and sit them in the shade

72
Q

What is the number one thing you should not do with a concussion diagnosed athlete

A

Do not leave the athlete alone

73
Q

When can a concussion diagnosed athlete sleep

A

Anytime after three hours Of the concussion taking place

74
Q

What is PCS

A

Post – concussion syndrome
This is known as the lingering symptoms and individual may have after four weeks of injury

75
Q

What does ASIS stand for

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

76
Q

What is avulsion

A

A complete tear

77
Q

Another name for a bruise

A

Contusion

78
Q

Define acute vascular response

A

Blood vessels around the injured area dilate increasing blood flow and inflammation occurs

79
Q

What happens in the remodelling and maturation stage

A

Water content reduces, The collagen from repair and regeneration is slowly replaced by a more stable (collagen) material

SPSC 3276 (2 decks)

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