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SPSC 3276 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four muscles in the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Terry’s minor

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2
Q

What are the movements of the shoulder complex

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Horizontal abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation
Circumduction

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3
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm

A

Once the arm gets above a certain degree of movement, the humerus and scapula move continuously and synchronously at a 2:1 ratio. 1° of scapular rotation for every 2° of humoral movement needed to facilitate full normal shoulder motion

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4
Q

What is the point of reference for rotation in the scapula

A

Glenoid fossa

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5
Q

What are the movements of the scapula

A

Protraction: downward rotation, abduction, anterior tilt

Retraction: upward rotation, adduction, posterior tilt 

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6
Q

What is a common acute injury in the shoulder area

A

Clavicle fracture

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7
Q

What are the three types of sprains and separations in the shoulder complex

A

Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular

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8
Q

What is the glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilage rim that lines the glenoid fossa

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9
Q

What is impingement syndrome

A

Tendons of the rotator cuff are pinched as they pass between the top of the humerus and the acromion

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10
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Compression of the Neurovascular structures at the thoracic outlet (neurovascular structures pinched under clavicle)

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11
Q

If nerves are compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome what symptoms will you experience

A

Aching pain
Pins and needles sensation
Numbness into arm (medial side)
Weak grip strength and muscle atrophy

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12
Q

If veins are compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome, what symptoms will you experience

A

Edema, stiffness into hand
Cyanosis in arm (Blue in colour)

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13
Q

If An artery is compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome, what symptoms will you experience

A

Rapid onset of coolness
numbness in entire arm
fatigue after over head activity

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14
Q

What are some examples of overhead athletes

A

Swimmers
Weightlifting
Volleyball

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15
Q

What are the Movements of the elbow

A

Flexion/extension
Pronation/supination

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16
Q

What are the bones in the elbow

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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17
Q

What is the carrying angle

A

Formed by long axiss of humerus and midline of forearm

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18
Q

What is the caring angle norms between males and females

A

Males - 11-14°
Females - 13 -  16°

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19
Q

Wrapping Vs. Taping

A

Wrapping: non-adhesive, provides compression but no support

Taping: adhesive, support and compression, later stages of injury

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20
Q

What is the purpose of taping

A

-Supports ligaments and joint capsules of unstable joints
-Enhance proprioceptive feedback
-Support injuries by compression and limiting movements

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21
Q

When not to tape

A

-When further diagnosis is required
- immediately after an acutely injury has occurred
-after cold application
- pre-puberty (10-14)

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22
Q

What are 3 common taping mistakes

A

Shadows
Windows
Wrinkles

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23
Q

How much do you overlap your tape by?

A

1/2 every strip you apply

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24
Q

Name some tape strips

A

Anchors
Figure 8’s
Heel locks
Spicas
Spirals
Stirrups
Close off strips

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25
Q

When should you asses an injury

A

ASAP after occurrence

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26
Q

What is HOPS

A

H-istory
O-bservation
P-alpation
S-pecial tests

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27
Q

What is the primary survey and the secondary survey for injury assessment

A

Primary: A, B, Cs
Secondary: HOPS

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28
Q

What are the 3 ROMs

A

Active
Passive
Resistive

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29
Q

What does active ROM test

A

-The strength of surrounding muscles, tendons, bones, and ligaments

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30
Q

What does passive ROM test

A

Insertion of bones, ligaments
The severity of structure injured

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31
Q

What does resistive ROM test

A

-Contractile structures
-Strength/weakness of joint contraction with or without pain

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32
Q

What are some directional elbow conditions

A

-cubital valgus
-Cubital Verus

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33
Q

What are the muscles involved with the elbow

A

Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Wrist extensors/flexors

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34
Q

Name some common acute fractures of the elbow

A

Humerus
Radial head
Olecranon process
Medial epiphyseal plate

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35
Q

Characteristics of Elbow dislocations

A

Uncommon, but serious
ALWAYS accompanied by MCL sprain
Immobilize and refer to a physician

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36
Q

List some chronic elbow injuries

A

Triceps tendinopathy
Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow)
Medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)

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37
Q

What are the movements of the wrist

A

-flexion/extension
-Radio/ulnar deviation

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38
Q

What are the movements of the fingers

A

-flexion/extension
-Abduction/adduction
Thumb:
-Opposition/reposition

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39
Q

What are the bones in the wrist and hand

A

14 phalanges
5 metacarpals
4 distal carpals
3 proximal carpals (scaphoid)

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40
Q

What is the order of joints from the tip of a finger to the base of your finger

A

Distal interphalangeal
Proximal interphalangeal
Metacarpophalangeal

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41
Q

What are the ligaments that hold your finger joints together

A

Collateral ligaments

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42
Q

The hand contains a lot of which to soft tissues

A

Muscles and tendons

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43
Q

What are some common acute fractures in the wrist and fingers

A

Colles fracture
Scaphoid fracture
Metacarpal fracture
Phalanges fracture
Skiers thumb
Mallet finger

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44
Q

What is subungual hematoma

A

Results from the tip of the finger getting crushed and blood pooling under the nail

45
Q

What are some common chronic Injuries in the wrist

A

Carpal tunnel syndromede
De Quervains disease

46
Q

What are some symptoms of ulnar neuropathy (ulnar nerve pinched)

A

-Numbness and tingling
-Pain on the outside or middle of the forearm

47
Q

How to asses injuries in the wrist and hand complex

A

For wrist, assume fracture first
For all finger dislocations, refer

48
Q

Name some ways to prevent finger-dislocations and wrist fractures

A

-Do not wear rings during activity
-Watch early warning signs and awkward postures
-Monitor training load

49
Q

Name some tests for the wrist and fingers

A

Finkelstein‘s test (thumb in the fist)
Phalen’s test (back if hands touching, fingers down)
Tinel’s test (tap nerve over wrist)


50
Q

anatomy of the ankle

A

Tibia (medial malleolus)
fibula (lateral malleolus)
Talus
Calcaneus
Subtalar joint

Talocrural joint

51
Q

What are the movements Of the ankle

A

Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Eversion/inversion
Pronation
Supination

52
Q

What ligaments in the ankle resist inversion

A

Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

53
Q

What ligaments in the ankle resist eversion

A

Deltoid ligaments:
Posterior tibiotalar ligament (PTTL)
Tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL)
Tibionavicular ligament (TNL)
Anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL)

54
Q

What are the Tom Dik and harry muscles

A

Tibialis posterior (medial malleolus, work back)
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

55
Q

What are the three peroneal muscles

A

Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Peroneus tertius

56
Q

What type of ankle sprain is most common

A

Inversion sprain [85%]

57
Q

What is another name for a high ankle sprain

A

Syndesmotic

58
Q

What is a high ankle sprain

A

-Damage to the ligaments holding the tibia and fibula together 
-It has the most debilitation of any sprains in the foot and ankle

59
Q

What are some tests for the ankle

A

Pots compression test
Bump test
Anterior drawer test
Talar tilt
Kleigers test
Thompson’s test
Morton’s test

60
Q

What are the movements of the hip

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation

61
Q

Bones in the hip

A

Sacrum
Os coxa:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Lumbar

62
Q

Joints in the hip

A

Sacroiliac joint
L5/S1 joint
Illiofemoral joint

63
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles

A

Psoas minor
Iliacus
Psoas major

64
Q

What are some acute injuries of the hip

A

Femur fractures
Pelvis fracture’s
Epiphyseal plate fractures
Slipped femoral head
Dislocation (rare)
Strains (groin, hamstring, quads)
Contusions

65
Q

What does RICE stand for

A

R-est
I-ce
C-ompression
E-levation

66
Q

What should you not do for the first three days when treating a strain/contusion

A

Apply heat
Aggressive stretching and rolling

67
Q

What is the hip labrum

A

A fibrous ring of Cartlidge around the hip socket

68
Q

What are some chronic injuries of the hip

A

Femur stress fracture
Osteitis pubis
Athletic pubalgia
Piriformis syndrome
Iliotibial band syndrome

69
Q

What are some prevention of running injuries

A

Wear proper shoes
Replace shoes when needed
Warm up properly
Avoid overtraining

70
Q

What are the movements At the knee

A

Flexion/extension
 internal/external rotation (flexed knee)

71
Q

What are the bones of the knee

A

Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia

72
Q

What are the joints of the knee

A

Patellofemoral
Tibiofibular
Tibiofemoral

73
Q

Ligaments and menisci of the knee

A

Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Lateral meniscus
Medial meniscus

74
Q

What is the origin and insertion point of the iliotibial band

A

Origin: TFL (tensor fasciae latae)
Insertion: gerdy’s tubercle

75
Q

What are three key palpations of the knee

A

Fibular head
Gerdy’s tubercle
Tibial tuberosity

76
Q

Name some anterior muscles in the thigh

A

TFL
Sartorius
Gracilis
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

77
Q

Name some posterior muscles in the thigh

A

Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
Biceps femoris


78
Q

Name some posterior muscles in the calf

A

Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

79
Q

What are some acute injuries of the knee

A

Patella dislocation‘s
Tibiofemoral dislocations
Sprains (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL)
Meniscus tear

80
Q

Who is more likely to experience an ACL sprain and why

A

Females 15-25:
Bone geometry at knee
Malalignment (greater valgus)
General joint laxity

81
Q

What is the unhappy triad

A

Sprain ACL, MCL, and torn medial meniscus

82
Q

Name some chronic knee injuries

A

Anterior knee pain (Patellofemoral area)
Chondromalacia patella
Patellar tendonitis
Osteochondritis dessicans
Osgood-schlatter’a disease
Sinding-Larson-johansson disease

83
Q

What are all the bones in the ankle and foot

A

Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Navicular
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Metatarsals
Phalanges

84
Q

What are the joints in the foot

A

Metatarsal joints
Phalangeal joints

85
Q

What is the ligament that is most important in plantar facia

A

Calcaneonavicular ligament

86
Q

What is the open space between the tibia and the fibula

A

Interosseous membrane

87
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the ankle and foot

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

88
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the ankle and foot

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

89
Q

What are the tendons of the lower limb

A

Posterior tibial tendon
Quadriceps tendon
Achilles tendon

90
Q

What is Morton’s toe

A

The second toe is longer than the others

91
Q

What is another name for shin splints

A

Medial tibial stress syndrome

92
Q

What is BSI

A

Bone stress injury

93
Q

What is it that can improve bone health/bone mineral density

A

Jump training
Even just 30 jumps a weak

94
Q

What is the ideal job training prescription

A

-Short duration 1 to 2 minutes with a small amount of rest between
-2 to 3 times a day

95
Q

What is Sand toe

A

Hyperplantar flexion of big toe
Common in beach volleyball

96
Q

What is turf toe

A

Excessive upward bending of MTP joint (phalanges joints)

97
Q

What is turf toe

A

Excessive upward bending of MTP joint (phalanges joint)
Common in football, basketball, soccer

98
Q

Name a chronic foot injury

A

Plantar fasciitis

99
Q

What is Morton’s neuroma

A

Pinched/squeezed nerve that passes between metatarsals
Effects of the ball of the foot

100
Q

What are some foot conditions

A

Bunion [hallux Valgus]
Ingrown toenail
Hammer toe
Claw toe
Mallet toe

101
Q

Name a test that can be used to detect a rupture in the bicep

A

The Ludington test

102
Q

Which group of athletes are most prone to athletic pubalgia

A

Men under the age of 40

103
Q

What is avascular necrosis

A

The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply

104
Q

What populations are most vulnerable to suffering from heat stroke

A

People 65 years or older
Infants and children up to four years old
People who are overweight
People who are on medication’s
People who are working in hot environments

105
Q

What is a test you can use to diagnose patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

Patellar grind test

106
Q

What is the main muscle where anterior shin splints occur

A

Tibialis anterior

107
Q

What is the main muscle or posterior shin splints occur

A

Tibialis posterior

108
Q

What are the 3 ligaments involved in acromioclavicular dislocation

A

Superior acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoacromial ligament

SPSC 3276 (2 decks)

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