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Nur 115 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal pH level?

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

What is the normal CO2 level?

A

35 - 45

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3
Q

What is the normal HCO3 level?

A

22 - 26 mEq/ L

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4
Q

If pH level is less than 7.35 what is it considered ?

A

acidosis

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5
Q

if pH level is higher than 7.45 what is it considered?

A

alkalosis

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6
Q

If co2 level is lower than 35 or higher than 45 it is considered what?

A

respiratory

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7
Q

if HCO3 is lower than 22 or higher than 26 it is considered ?

A

Metabolic

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8
Q

Practice

pH: 7.26
HCO3: 17
PaCO2: 42

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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9
Q

Practice

pH:7.49
HCO3: 23
PaCO2: 30

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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10
Q

What happens during respiratory alkalosis

A

The lungs are loosing too much co2 ; hyperventilation

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11
Q

what happens during respiratory acidosis?

A

the lungs are keeping in too much co2 ,

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12
Q

What are the interventions for respiratory acidosis

A

fowlers position , adminisiter o2, turn cough deep breath (pneumonia)

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13
Q

interventions for respiratory alkalosis

A

breath into bag , give anxiety medication , encourage breathing pattern

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14
Q

what are the interventions for metabolic acidosis

A

monitor I & O ,

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15
Q

what are the interventions for metabolic alkalosis

A

give antiemetics for vomitting

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16
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of pneumonia?

A

high fever , fatigue, sob, cough chest pain,

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17
Q

what are the risk factors for pneumonia ?

A

age , immobility , anestesia , smoking , oral hygiene

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18
Q

how do you prevent pneumonia?

A

Immunizations

19
Q

What are some nursing interventions for pneumonia ?

A

Maintain patent airway , increase fluid intake , administer medication , encourage breathing exercise early mobilization

20
Q

What are some medical managements for pneumonia?

A

humidified oxygen therapy , antibiotics , antivirals , bronchodilators , positioning to avoid aspiration

21
Q

How to prevent atelectasis?

A

early ambulation , ICOUGH (incentive spriometer, cough and deep breathing . oral care , get educated head of bed elevated)

22
Q

This type is normally common in people ages 30 years and younger it is considered an autoimmune disease and beta cells are destructed

A

Diabetes Type 1

23
Q

normally occurs later on in life common in ages 30 years and above due to lifestyle insulin resistance

A

Diabetes type 2

24
Q

what are the normal blood glucose levels ?

A

70 - 110 mg/dl

25
Q

What are the 3 p’s of diabetes ?

A

polydipsia , polyuria, polyphagia

26
Q

what is hyperglycemia level ?

A

> 200 mg/dl

27
Q

what is the level for hypoglycemia?

A

< 70 mg/dL

28
Q

hypoglycemia is more common in which type?

A

Type 1 due to exercise

29
Q

Tremors, increased HR, restlessness, hunger, diaphoresis, confusion, seizures is related to which type ?

A

Type 1

30
Q

How do you treat hypoglycemia ?

A

15 grams of carbs check blood glucose in 15 mins if still below 70 give 15 more grams of carbs

31
Q

What is metformin used for?

A

it is a oral antidiabetic medication

32
Q

what is methotrexate used for ?vfrfrfrgtgttgv

A

it is used for patients with rheumatoid arthritis , it is a immunosuppressant

33
Q

how to prevent hypoglycemia

A

eat before exercise do not skip meals

34
Q

how do you treat hyperglycemia?

A

monitor i & o administer insulin as needed (sliding scale)

35
Q

What are the 4 types of insulin?

A

Rapid acting
Short acting
Intermediate acting
Long acting

36
Q

what are the precautions for short acting insulin?

A

give immediately before meals

37
Q

what are the precautions for short acting?

A

give 30 mins before meals

38
Q

what is a normal blood sugar level?

A

less than 140

39
Q

what are some complication prevention for diabetes?

A

diet and exercise monitor bgl no smoking

40
Q

what is polydipsia?

A

excessive thirst

41
Q

what is polyphagia?

A

excessive hunger

42
Q

what is pyuria

A

puss in urine

43
Q

what is polyuria?

A

excess urination

44
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of cellulitis ?

A

redness warmth erythema and pain with systemic signs of fever

Nur 115 (5 decks)

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