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World Religions > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Founder of Judaism

A

Abraham

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2
Q

Origin of Judaism

A

God commanded Abraham to leave to practice his religion, covenant Israel began with Judaism

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3
Q

Nature of God in Judaism

A

Milieu - Polytheistic
Polytheism
Monotheism
Monolatry

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4
Q

Heaven in Judaism

A

Similar to Christian construct of Heavenly reward

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5
Q

Messiah in Judaism

A

don’t all agree -

messiah, political leader, metaphor/symbol, founding of the state of israel

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6
Q

Rites of Passage in Judaism

A

Circumcision - all males on 8th day, receive name
Connects you to abrahamic covenant
Bar Mitzvah - men at age 13
Bat Mitzvah - women at age 12

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7
Q

Holidays in Judaism (1)

A

Rosh Hashanah - new years and repentance
Yon Kippur - atonement
Sukkot - instability of things
Simchat Torah - love for scriptures
Hanukkah - dedication, festival of lights

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8
Q

Holidays in Judaism (2)

A

Tu Bishvat - new years for the trees
Purim - based on ester
Passover/Pesakh - Jewish vs Christian
Omer - 50 days, fills gap between passover to pentecost
Shavout - Pentecost - King Davids birthday, moses got the law
Bein Na - Metzarim - deep clean home, messiah will come during this time

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9
Q

Marriage in Judaism

A

under Chuppah
Reception can last 7 days long
Symbolizes new joy

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10
Q

Death in Judaism

A 
Sit Shiva (Shiva Hebrew number for 7)
Wear black 
Daily prayers
No makeup, jewelry, bath
Entire week of mourning
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11
Q

Buildings in Judaism

A

synagogue and temple are not the same

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12
Q

Denominations in Judaism

A

Haredi - most observant
Modern Orthodox - less anti modern world
Conservative - middle row Jews
Reform - largest group
Reconstructionist - for heritage not religion
Assimilated - Jew nationality, no spiritual connection

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13
Q

Symbols in Judaism

A

Persecution - evidence of being the chosen
Menorah - symbol of the state of israel
Star of David - not official symbol of the state of Israel

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14
Q

Scriptures in Judaism

A

Tanakh - The Law, Torah most important
Mishnah - oral law received by Moses
Gemara - analysis and commentary on Mishnah
Talmud Gemara and Mishnah
Midrash - commentary on any portion of Tanakh - hebrew bible

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15
Q

Role of Scriptures in Judaism

A

some read daily, some Liturgy, more important to practice

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16
Q

Authority in Judaism

A

Moses was the only Prophet because he gave law
Other people are lower case p prophets
Rabbis are lower case p prophets

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17
Q

Dietary restrictions in Judaism

A

fish if has skin and shells
No milk and meat together
Every meal reminds you of who you’re supposed to be
Only eat animals break down and become part of you
Fish - self control - schools of fish
Shell fish in bottom by themselves

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18
Q

Role of Women in Judaism

A

can be rabbi
Marriage is a commandment
Having kids is commandment

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19
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

son of the commandment, Boys attainment of adulthood at age 13

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20
Q

bat mitzvah

A

daughter of the commandment. ritual for 12 year old girls of conservative and reformed jewish traditions

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21
Q

Get

A

religious divorce obtainable only at the request of the husband

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22
Q

Founder of Hinduism

A

none

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23
Q

Origin of Hinduism

A

Aryans conquer Dracidians - mesh the two together

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24
Q

Nature of God in Hinduism

A 
claim thousands of Gods 
Big 3 
Brahma - creator of the world 
Vishnu - creator of universe - most popular 
Shiva - creator and destroyer
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25
Q

Purpose of life in Hinduism

A

Overcome Maya or Illusion
Obtain release - cycle of rebirths
3 ways to get off wheel: good works, knowledge, devotion

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26
Q

Nature of Worship Services in Hinduism

A 
Puja 
No sabbath 
Chanting 
Prasad - food 
Offering
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27
Q

Rite of Passage in Hinduism

A

caste system

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28
Q

Holidays in Hinduism

A 
July - August - Krishna Birthday 
August - Sep - Elephant- headed god 
September - Oct - Rama’s victory 
Oct- Nov - Festival of Lights 
Jan- Feb - Shiva Festival 
Feb - Mar - Spring Festival - cycle of life
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29
Q

Marriage in Hinduism

A

arranged, don’t marry outside caste, love marriage not common

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30
Q

Death in Hinduism

A

cremation - don’t have a soul, body is nothing

Reincarnation - moving down easy, moving up heard

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31
Q

Sacred Buildings in Hinduism

A

public temples dedicated to specific deity

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32
Q

Denominations in Hinduism

A 
6 schools of Indian philosophy 
Nyaya - logical school 
Vaisheshika - physical reality 
Samkhya - evolution of all things 
Yoga - personal, physical, spiritual development 
Purva Mimamsa - focus on the vedas 
Vedanta - focus on the upanishads
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33
Q

Unique symbols in Hinduism

A

none

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34
Q

Hindu Scripture

A

many holy books
Shruti - canonical writings - heard or revealed
Smriti - popular writings - not as authoritative, more influential

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35
Q

Authority in Hinduism

A

none, no records kept

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36
Q

Dietary restrictions of Hindu

A

vegetarian is common- priests required
No beef
No slaying peacock
Animals symbolic of God

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37
Q

role of women in Hinduism

A

Limit educational opportunities, Man only half man without wife

38
Q

special clothing in Hinduism

A

none - possessions risk driving you away from God

39
Q

Founder of Zoroastrianism

A

Zarathustra

40
Q

Origin of Zoroastrianism

A

1000 BCE sprouted from Aryan

41
Q

Nature of God in Zoroastrianism

A

Monotheists

42
Q

Purpose of life in Zoroastrianism

A

Good thoughts, good words, good deeds
Use agency to choose good over evil
Redeemer would be an offspring by virgin mother

43
Q

Nature of Worship Services in Zoroastrianism

A

No sabbath

Worship at home

44
Q

Rites of Passage in Zoroastrianism

A

none

45
Q

Holidays in Zoroastrianism

A

7 major holidays - gatherings

46
Q

Marriage in Zoroastrianism

A

commandment if biologically able
Have to have kids if able
Bound together

47
Q

Death in Zoroastrianism

A

spirit stays around body for 3 days and 3 nights
Peace during this time if you had good thoughts, words, deeds
Spirit guided across, narrows if you were evil, wide if righteous
Your hell how you treat others

48
Q

Sacred buildings in Zoroastrianism

A

fire temples
Wash face and hands before entering
Remove shoes and cover head
Pump with frankincense

49
Q

Denominations in Zoroastrianism

A

survived 3000 years without fracturing into multiple denominations

50
Q

symbols unique to Zoroastrianism

A

fire - treat fire with respect, don’t worship
Faravahar - ring symbolizes truths are eternal
3 layers of wings, good thoughts, words, deeds
Prayer - symbolic washing, 5 times a day, untie and retie Kusti

51
Q

Scriptures in Zoroastrianism

A
  • yasna - hymns for worship
    Visparad - hymns for praise and sacrifice
    Yashts - sacrificial hymns
    Vendidad - laws against demons and ritual impurity
52
Q

Authority in Zoroastrianism

A

priest
Keep fire lit
Always dress in white

53
Q

Dietary restrictions in Zoroastrianism

A

none

54
Q

roles of women in Zoroastrianism

A

nurturer in the home

Can’t hold priesthood

55
Q

Special clothing in Zoroastrianism

A

Navjote ceremony
Sudreh - undershirt - shield of protection
Bag of righteousness - good thoughts, words, deeds
Kusti - belt - suppress lower thoughts, nurture higher
Wrap 3 times for thoughts, words, deeds

56
Q

Founder of Taoism

A

Lao Tzu

57
Q

Origin of Taoism

A

Lao Tzu disillusionment with social and political situation, 600 BCE - 100 BCE

58
Q

Nature of God in Taoism

A

philosophical don’t believe in God, sometimes polytheists. Tao only overseer

59
Q

Purpose of life in Taoism

A

Balance between yin and yang

Find balance in ourselves, find it in universe

60
Q

Wu - Wei

A 
Wu- wei - unattached action 
Don’t resist, confront, defy 
Embrace what God sends you 
Don't try to better or change others
Better yourself 
Don't exhibit excessive ambition, desire, or pride 
Be in harmony with the universe
61
Q

Rites of Passage in Taoism

A

Priests perform rites of passage

62
Q

Holiday, Marriage, Death, Sacred Building in Taoism

A

did not cover

63
Q

Denominations in Taoism

A

philosophical and religious
Yin and Yang
Religious - yang
Philosophical - Yin

64
Q

Symbols unique to Taoism

A

yin and yang
Everything contains opposite within
Water - humility, power

65
Q

Scripture in Taoism

A

Tao Te Ching - main scripture

Chuang Tzu - second most popular

66
Q

Dream career for Taoism

A

Farmer

67
Q

Authority in Taoism

A

priests and monks

68
Q

Dietary Restrictions in Taoism

A

dietary school, no wine and meat- Gods inside you don’t like

69
Q

Role of Women in Taoism

A

women submission to man - seen as equal but traditional values block from being treated as equal

70
Q

special clothing in Taoism

A

none

71
Q

Founder of Jainism

A

Vardhaman Mahavira

72
Q

Origin of Jainism

A

left family for quest of enlightenment

Gets rid of all attachment

73
Q

Nature of God in Jainism

A

reject any belief in a supreme god or deity

74
Q

Soteriology of Jainism

A

renounce materialistic attachment - can break self off the wheel
Ahimsa - never kill if possible

75
Q

Heaven in Jainism

A

Nirvana - not same as Hindu Nirvana

Right knowledge, right faith, right conduct

76
Q

5 principles or vows of Monasticism

A

Ahimsa - protect All life
Satya - speak truth - avoid harming anyone else
Asteya - avoid theft, greed, exploitation
Detachment from material things
Brahmacharya - chastity

77
Q

Nature of Worship services in Jainism

A

Temples of meditation - no worship

Don’t have a god to worship

78
Q

rites of passage in Jainism

A

none

79
Q

Holidays in Jainism

A

Paryushana

80
Q

Marriage in Jainism

A

married under canopy like the Jews

81
Q

Death in Jainism

A

Transmigration - same person going from body to body

Individuality is retained

82
Q

How to get off the wheel in Jainism

A

Celestial Being, Human, Animal, Plant, Protoplasmic life

83
Q

Sacred Buildings in Jainism

A

temples of meditation - no god to worship

84
Q

Denominations in Jainism

A

split during 4th or 3rd century BCE
Digambaras - sky clad
Svetambaras - white robed

85
Q

Unique symbols to Jainism

A

seemingly sexual symbols outside temple
Orange streak on forehead - committed to obeying rules of Jainism
Cows - provides work - everything interconnected
Elongated earlobes - wisdom, supernatural status

86
Q

Scripture in Jainism

A

no official cannon
Agama - tradition
Siddhanta - doctrine
Source - revelation

87
Q

Authority in Jainism

A

24 divine teachers

88
Q

dietary restrictions in Jainism

A

vegetarians

89
Q

roles of women in Jainism

A

Digambara- must eventually become a man to get off the wheel
Svetambara - women can obtain release
Negative attitude toward women because they are attachment

90
Q

Special clothing in Jainism

A

Svetambara - white robe

World Religions (2 decks)

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