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World Religions > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Founder of Buddhism

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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2
Q

When was Buddhism founded?

A

563-483 BC

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3
Q

How many carnations does Siddhartha Gautama have?

A

550

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4
Q

4 things Siddhartha couldn’t see

A

old person, sick, death, holy man

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5
Q

Why did Siddhartha become the Budda?

A

his experience under the fig tree - Budda is one who is awake

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6
Q

What do Theravada Buddhists believe about God?

A

non - theistic - work out your own salvation aside from the Gods

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7
Q

What do Mahayana Buddhists believe about God?

A

Poly-theistic - Savior beings you can use to gain salvation

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8
Q

What do Tibetan Buddhists believe?

A

Yoga, meditation, positive visualization

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9
Q

Purpose of life for Buddhists

A
  • reach buddha status through personal purification

- overcome the misery of the world

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10
Q

What is the nature of Heaven for buddhists?

A

achievement of enlightenment

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11
Q

How do Theravada buddhists get to heaven?

A

merit self redemption works - life of solitary disciple

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12
Q

How do Mahayana Buddhists get to heaven?

A

Bodhisattva - people who have almost achieved enlightenment they are choosing not to get off the wheel by helping others achieve enlightenment

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13
Q

Siddharthas views about extremism

A

NOT about extremism

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14
Q

Laws and Vows for all Buddhists

A 
no killing 
no stealing 
no immorality 
no lying/deceiving 
no partaking of intoxicants
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15
Q

Laws and Vows for Monastics

A 
no eating between meals 
no secular entertainment 
no adorning of body 
no high or wide beds 
no accepting of money
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16
Q

Nature of Worship services for Buddhism

A

prayer
meditation
temple buildings

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17
Q

Where are most Theravada Buddhists located

A

sri Lanka, thailand, burna, cambodia

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18
Q

Which buddhists denomination is the smallest?

A

Theravada - lesser vehicle

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19
Q

Which Buddhist denomination is the largest?

A

Mahayana - the greater vehicle

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20
Q

Where are most Mahayana buddhists located?

A

Japan, Korea, mongolia, Taiwan, china

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21
Q

Which buddhist denomination is superior?

A

Tibetan

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22
Q

What does the Lotus represent in Buddhism?

A

symbol of purification God’s come out of or sit inside lotus flower

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23
Q

What is the Mudra a symbol of?

A

hand symbols to drive away the evil ones

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24
Q

what are mandalas a symbol of ?

A

sand drawings, help at beginning of journey, connection to the divine

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25
Q

What is the om mani paddle hum

A

suppress bad appetite and invite the good ones, sounds have power to connect with the soul

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26
Q

What is the canon for Theravada buddhists

A

3 baskets

  • disciple
  • discourse
  • special teachings
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27
Q

What is the canon for Mahayana buddhists

A

Chinese canon

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28
Q

What is the canon for Tibetan Buddhists?

A

Vajrayana or Tibetan canon

- treated like a person

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29
Q

Authority in Buddhism

A

Dalai Lama - means great priest, seen as deity

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30
Q

How is Dalai Lama chosen?

A

Transmigration - kid born same day as last Dalai Lama dying

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31
Q

Dietary restriction for Buddhists

A

not vegetarian

won’t eat meat specifically killed for them

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32
Q

Buddhists attitude towards women?

A

women are a threat

not seen as equal

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33
Q

Buddhist view of family

A

Filial piety - family is a symbol of attachment

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34
Q

Four noble truths of Buddhism

A
  • life is pain and suffering
  • pain and suffering are caused by craving and selfish desire
  • craving and attachment can be eliminated
  • the eightfold middle path leads to the extinction of suffering
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35
Q

What is in the eightfold middle path?

A
  • right understanding or view
  • right purpose or aspirations
  • right speech
  • right conduct or actions
  • right livelihood
  • right effort or endeavor
  • right alertness or mindfulness
  • right concentration or meditation
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36
Q

What do Buddhists believe about death?

A

Tibetan stay by the bod for 4 days and wait for the light

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37
Q

Misconceptions of Buddhism

A 
worship buddha how christians worship christ
all believe in reincarnation 
buddhism is masochistic 
all look at yoga the same 
buddhists hate life
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38
Q

5 desirable conditions of Buddhism

A
  • long life
  • pleasant appearance
  • happiness
  • status
  • nirvana
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39
Q

Who is the founder of Confucianism?

A

Confucius

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40
Q

When was Confucius born

A

551 BC

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41
Q

What was the life of Confucius like?

A

15 wants to be scholar
20 got paid for talking about philosophy
captain of police in Lu
died in 479

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42
Q

Nature of God for Confucianism?

A

many believe in Gods, more concerned with the here and now not about heaven

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43
Q

What is the goal of Confucianism?

A

Focus on bettering yourself and God and heaven will take care of itself

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44
Q

Soteriology phrase about Confucianism

A

you’re confucian at work (good person) , taoist on weekends(environmental and social interactions) , buddhist at death (what happens when you die)

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45
Q

Purpose of life for Confucianism

A

propagate peace and harmony by bettering yourself

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46
Q

5 carinal virtues in Confucianism

A 
Hsin - loyalty to words (fruit)
Chih - wisdom and application (flower) 
Li - proper social conduct ( branches) 
Yi - sense of duty or obligation (trunk) 
Jen - proper relationships (root)
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47
Q

what are the denominations of confucianism

A

ancient confucianism
secular humanism
neo- confucianism

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48
Q

who has the highest population of confucianism

A

South Korea

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49
Q

what does water mean in confucianism?

A

shui - source of life in china

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50
Q

5 classics of Confucianism

A
  • Shu Ching - history
  • Shih Ching - poetry
  • I Ching - changes and divination
  • Ch’un Ch’iu - spring and autumn annals
  • Li Chi - ritual
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51
Q

4 books of confucianism

A

Lu Yu - analects/teaching
Chung Yung - doctrine
Ta Hsueh - great learning on peace
Meng Tzu - book of Mencius (disciple)

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52
Q

Authority in Confucianism

A

politics not priesthood

he who governs least, governs best

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53
Q

confucianism belief about education

A

foundation

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54
Q

six arts of disciplines of confucianism

A
  1. changes - developing spirituality secular and spiritual simultaneous
  2. poetry - shih - studying literature
  3. history - shu - learning from the past
  4. rituals - Li - paying back your ancestors
  5. music - yueh - influences many things
  6. spring and autumn - ch’un ch’iu civic or government
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55
Q

Who is the founder of Shinto?

A

the Japanese military

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56
Q

What does Shinto mean?

A

The way of the Gods

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57
Q

Who are the Gods in Shinto?

A 
Izanagi - God of the Sky 
Amaterasu - goddess of the sun 
Tsuk Yomi - God of the moon 
Susano - storm god 
Izanami - the goddess of the earth
58
Q

What are the 3 types of Kami?

A
  • defied powers in nature
  • clan ancestors
  • the souls of celebrated or famous dead people
59
Q

what does kamikaze mean?

A

divine wind - manifestation of Gods wind

60
Q

where did kamikaze originate?

A

1300 when mongals were invading by ships and a big storm sunk all the ships

61
Q

What is the purpose of life for Shinto?

A

appease the kami

celebrate the people, culture, land

62
Q

What is Shintoism closely related to in Japan?

A

Patriotism

63
Q

How is prayer done in shinto?

A

not vocal

bow deeply twice, clap twice, bow again

64
Q

Holidays in Shinto?

A

Matursi - appease the kami

65
Q

denominations in shinto

A

folk - culture
shrine - rites
sect - religion
national - patriotic

66
Q

What is the Shinto doctrine of the next life?

A

none

67
Q

When was Shinto the state religion of Japan?

A

1868 to WW2

68
Q

scriptural canon of Shinto

A

record of ancient matters (712 ce)

chronicles of Japan (720 ce)

69
Q

what is authority like in Shinto?

A

like ordinance workers, not monastics

70
Q

View of Women in Shinto

A

teach they are equal

women do more than men to appease the kami

71
Q

What is the Bushido military code? (7)

A
  • gratitude and courage
  • justice duty before desires
  • truthfulness honesty
  • politeness even to enemy
  • never show feeling
  • honor hara-kiri
  • allegiance to country
72
Q

Who was the Founder of Sikhism?

A

Guru Nanak

73
Q

What is the nature of God in Sikhism?

A

inexpressible
personal
infinite
eternal

74
Q

What are the name of God in Sikhism?

A

all steel, Guru, True name, one true name

75
Q

What is the purpose of life in Sikhism

A

get off the wheel

76
Q

how do you experience release in Sikhism?

A

shedding karma

77
Q

What is the a core belief of Sikhism?

A

love God more than you love the world

78
Q

Do sikhsim belive in transmigration or reincarnation

A

transmigration

79
Q

what is the nature of heaven in Sikhism?

A

not as much a location as a state of mind

80
Q

What is the way of the 3 S’s in sikhism?

A

service (seva)
Meditation (simran)
follow guidance of advanced teacher (sangat)

81
Q

what does Sikh mean?

A

disciple

82
Q

What is the nature of worship services in sikhism?

A

denounce the rites and rituals of other faiths

they become routine and not meaningful

83
Q

what do Sikhs do at birth?

A

child to temple, first letter of page is first letter of kids name

84
Q

marriage in sikhism

A

sometimes arranged, marriage is the Carriage to God

85
Q

death in sikhism

A

mourning for 10 days - don’t over exaggerate sadness

86
Q

how often are worship services in sikhism

A

everyday in India

usually Sunday outside of India

87
Q

denominations of Sikhism

A

Singhs - defend the faith

Nanak - no contention

88
Q

what is the miracle at Nanak’s death?

A

all the flowers were in bloom

89
Q

what does guru mean

A

teacher

90
Q

what are the 5 K’s in sikhism?

A

kesh- not cutting hair - don’t change how God made you
kangha- comb that holds hair - control mind and body
kachh/kacchera - underpants - chastity
kara - metal bracelet, right wrist - wedding ring to God
kirpan - dagger - stand against aggression

91
Q

what does the khanda represent in sikhism ?

A

inner ring - god and truth are without beginning and end
two swords - spiritual and temporal power
double edge sword - prepare haslsa initiation

92
Q

scriptural canon of sikhism

A

hymns mostly written by Nanak - read opened randomly, absolute reverence

93
Q

10 important people of sikhism

A

Nanak - founder of sikhism
Angad - created sikhism script
amar das - collected hymns, instituted langar
ram das - began golden temple/ wedding hymn
arjan - completed golden temple
har gobind - introduce 2 sword, began resistance
har rai - health care to needy
har krishna - boy guru
tegh bahadur - fought emperor, feed poor, hymns
gobind singh - founded Khalsa - 2nd most important

94
Q

dietary restrictions in sikhism

A

no alcohol

eat meat sparingly

95
Q

view of women in sikhism

A

seen as equal, treated as such

96
Q

3 major stages of sikhism

A

founding of the faith
period of persecution
founding of the Khalsa

97
Q

aspects of the Khalsa

A 
drink nectar 
be baptized 
join quorum
monotheism 
no castes 
scriptures are sacred
defend faith 
honest income 
tithing 
bro and sis 
no stealing 
no gambling 
no tobacco 
no alcohol 
marry in the faith 
repentance
98
Q

who was the founder of Islam?

A

Mohamed

99
Q

when was Mohamed born?

A

610 BC

100
Q

what is Islam referred to as?

A

the religion of peace

101
Q

when did Mohamed receive his revelations?

A

610-632 BC

102
Q

what are the 3 holy sights for Islams

A

Mecca - birth place
Medina - where he is buried
Jerusalem - place of ascension

103
Q

where was islam founded?

A

arabian peninsula

104
Q

what is the nature of God in Islam

A

very monotheistic

105
Q

What is God referred to in Islam

A

99 names which reveal his personality and nature

allah is the last name on your lips

106
Q

what is the purpose of life in islam

A

submission - islam means to submit yourself to god

to serve allah

107
Q

what is the nature of heaven in islam

A

a place with endless delights and pleasure
it will be what you found most beautiful in this life
music for musicians

108
Q

what is the nature of hell for islam

A

fire to represent hell mostly boiling water

109
Q

what is the path to paradise for islam

A

submitting to Allah’s laws
5 pillars
only allah knows who will go

110
Q

what is the path to hell for islam

A

doing things that harm others

111
Q

5 pillars of islam

A 
shahada - witness of the faith 
salat - prayer 
zakat - almsgiving 
Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca 
sawm - fasting
112
Q

when is the sabbath for islam

A

friday - they don’t call it sabbath

113
Q

denominations in islam

A

sunni - wanted abu baker to succeed Mohamed
- Mohameds father in law

shi’iah - wanted Ali to succeed Mohamed
- Mohamed son in law

sufis - muslim mystics looking for a spiritual experience

114
Q

symbols of islam

A

crescent moon and star - dawning of new religious era
washing - refocus mind and heart on god
bow towards Mecca - oneness and unity
no depicting allah or Mohamed

115
Q

scriptural canon of islam

A

Qur’an - only to recite
allah wrote it - translated by Mohamed
in arabic because that’s language god gave it in

116
Q

how to respect the Quran

A

ritual washing before touching it
never let it touch the floor
don’t make it up
most recent revelation trumps old

117
Q

dietary restriction of Islam

A

pork
intoxicants and drugs
no gambling

118
Q

what does Jihad mean

A

struggle or striving to exert oneself in the service of allah

119
Q

what is the root of each christian religion?

A

catholicism - judaism
Eastern Orthodox - west vs east (Constantinople)
Protestant - internal reform

120
Q

5 Christian views of the nature of God

A

trinity - 1 god in 3 persons
tritheism - 3 separate gods worshipped equally
Monolatry - acknowledge other gods but worship one
Modalism - costume box
social trinitarianism - egg

121
Q

Roman Catholic view of God

A

father, son, spirit are co equal, co eternal

holy spirit proceeds from father and/or son

122
Q

Orthodox view of God

A

son and Holy Spirit are subordinate to the father

Holy Spirit proceeds from father only

123
Q

protestant view of God

A

father, son, Holy Spirit are co equal and co eternal

holy spirit proceeds from the father and the son

124
Q

how did christians come to believe this?

A

nicene creed
arius vs Alexander
st nicholas slapped arius

125
Q

catholic view of the atonement

A

for everyone

126
Q

orthodox view of the atonement

A

no official position on non christians

127
Q

Protestant view of the atonement

A

only for christian professors

128
Q

7 sacraments of catholicism

A 
(first four are salvation) 
baptism 
confirmation 
eucharist
penance and reconciliation 
holy unction 
holy order 
matrimony
129
Q

7 sacraments of orthodox

A 
baptism 
chrismation - annointment 
communion 
confession 
holy unction 
priesthood 
matrimony
130
Q

sacrament for protestant

A

baptism

the lord’s supper

131
Q

catholic view of baptism

A

infants

water poured onto head

132
Q

orthodox view of baptism

A

infants

immersion 3 times

133
Q

protestant view of baptism

A

adults - if at all
immersion
not salvific

134
Q

Christian views of the sacrament

A

Catholic - transubstantiation
Orthodox - transubstantiation
Protestant - consubstantiation - doesn’t turn into body but does change you

135
Q

Christian views of the cross

A

catholic - dead, victim, use crufix
orthodox - resurrected, victor, use cross with 3 bumps
protestant - empty, has overcome cross, use cross

136
Q

what is genuflection

A

kneeling at the alter and make sing of the cross

137
Q

what is iconography

A

religious pictures - not idolatry because they’re worshipping Jesus - 2D image

138
Q

what is ichthus

A

fish

139
Q

Christian scriptural canon

A

catholic - bible and apocrypha
orthodox - bible and apocrypha (deter canonical)
protestant - bible but downplay OT

140
Q

Christian authority

A

catholic - apostolic succession
orthodox - apostolic succession
protestant - priesthood of all believers

141
Q

christian views on celibacy

A

catholic - mandatory for holy orders except initiates
orthodox - mandatory for bishop and high clergy
protestant - unnecessary

142
Q

Christian views on judgement day

A

catholic and orthodox - obedience and works - vehicle to grace
protestant - grace

World Religions (2 decks)

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