Midterm Flashcards
When was the birth of modern psychopharmacology?
1950s
NOT a medical specialty
Psychoactive drugs available prior to that time (birth of modern psychopharm)?
Morphine and Cocaine
Why did it take so long for lithium to get FDA approval?
Death due to toxicity (cardiac patients)
What factors have helped reduce the factionalism between the pro-medication and anti-medication groups in mental health care?
a. Research of efficacy of psychotropic drugs in therapy
b. Brain imaging
c. Development of new medication
What are the roles of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)?
a. FDA: Cannot regulate dietary supplements unless there is substantial harm to public
b. FDA: remove unsafe drugs from market, regulate safety, purity, and labeling of food drugs and cosmetics. They approve new drugs
c. DEA: Enforce laws regulating drugs with potential for abuse or addiction
What influences what substances are “drugs”?
a. Political
b. Legal
c. Financial
What are the six appropriate uses of psychotropic medication (you only need to know 5)?
a. Clearly diagnosed psych illness
b. Medication withdrawal, or discontinuation
c. Sedation during medical procedure
d. Address symptoms that have been resistant to other treatments
e. Interference of quality of life
What are beliefs about psychotropic medication that create bias for therapists to not learn about them, or use it as part of their treatment?
a. Medication should be last resort
b. Medications are addictive
c. Lacking training
Who prescribes medications the most?
a. Non-psychiatric physicians
What are appropriate functions of the nonmedical therapist in the management of medications?
a. Non suggesting specific medications or doses to prescribing doctors
b. We DO: Monitoring, collecting history, providing psychoeducation
Historically why has treatment of psychotropic medication failed?
a. Psychiatrist only focusing on meds, not therapy
b. Non psychiatrist prescribing meds
c. Therapist having little training in psychopharmacology
What can therapists do to improve communication with prescribing physicians?
a. Be concise
b. Be organized
c. Use medical terminology during conversations
d. Ask observations, valuable information from psych
How can a client participate in their own treatment when taking/prescribed medication?
a. Name of medication
b. Dosage of medication
c. Their team (dr, us) are aware of any side effects
What psychotropic drugs are considered to be the most addictive?
a. Benzodiazepines
b. Psychostimulants
c. EX: Valium, Xanax, Ritalin, Dexedrine
What is ethnopsychopharmacology?
a. Investigates ethnic, cultural differences that influence the effectiveness of psychotropic drugs
b. Seeks to develop culturally sensitive treatment and prescribing practices with psychotropic meds
What does the term “slow metabolizer” mean?
a. (African Americans, Asians)
b. Slow metabolizers are at a risk of severe side effects because they are metabolizing drugs at slower rates than Caucasian counterparts
c. Drug toxicity when standard dosages are prescribed
What are some barriers to treatment for BIPOC communities?
a. Accessibility
b. Stigma
c. Mistrust
d. Cost
e. Cultural differences
The PNS is divided into the SNS and ANS. The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic, which branch is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
a. Sympathetic
Prolonged low level activation of the fight or flight response can cause what kind of long term issues?
a. Cardiac
b. Digestive
What do neurons, and glial cells do?
a. Neurons – conduct action potentials through nervous system
b. Glial cells – provide support functions for neurons
The CNS consists of what?
a. Neurons inside the brain and spinal cord
What does cortisol do in fight or flight?
a. Suppresses reaction to stress, allowing body to engage in adaptive responses to danger
- What is reuptake?
a. Process in which a transmitter in a synapse is sucked into the axon terminal that released them
On the neuron, what receives the action potential from other neurons?
a. Dendrite
