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Psychopharm > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the body are psychotropic drugs primarily metabolized?

A

Liver

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2
Q

What is tolerance?

A

When one takes increasing amounts of a drug to produce the same effect

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3
Q

What are ways drug-drug interactions happen?

A

a. Inhibits –> toxic levels
b. Increasing liver enzymes –> lower levels of drugs
c. Additive effects by binding to a common receptor site

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4
Q

Functions of the blood brain barrier?

A

a. Maintain a constant environment in which the brain can function
b. Protect the brain from toxins

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5
Q

What organ primarily eliminates drugs from the body?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

Abnormalities in depression based on biological research include?

A

a. Decreased levels of excitatory neurotransmitters in the synapse
b. Increased activity in the HPA axis which results in an increase in the level of adrenal hormone, cortisol, in the blood
c. Up-regulation of post synaptic receptors

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7
Q

What medications are effective in OCD?

A

SSRIs (Prozac, Luvox, etc)

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8
Q

What are ways interpersonal and social rhythm therapy help with bipolar?

A

a. Establishing a routine (sleeping, walking, eating)

b. Development of interpersonal skills to improve relationships

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9
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication?

A

Antianxiety

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10
Q

What are common side effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Drowsiness, sedation, ataxia, cognitive impairment

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11
Q

What medications are used to treat an acute episode of mania?

A

Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines

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12
Q

What is kindling effect?

A

The theory that mania is initiated by this effect—cell membranes of those neurons to become electrically unstable, leading to rapid, chaotic firing of neurons in certain part of the brain.

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13
Q

Which antidepressant is least likely to cause sexual side effects?

A

Wellbutrin

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14
Q

What is the first line of treatment for GAD?

A

Therapy

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15
Q

Can GAD be so severe that it can require medication?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Are EPS side effects common of traditional antipsychotics?

A

Yes by blocking dopamine in areas of the brain that coordinate movement

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17
Q

What are some signs that grieving has become clinical depression?

A

Social isolation, weight loss, loss of self esteem

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18
Q

How many episodes of mania/depression must happen in a year for someone to meet the criteria for rapid cycling?

A

4

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19
Q

What is the priority when treating panic disorder?

A

Eliminate or significantly reduce panic attacks

20
Q

Why are tricyclics not considered a first line treatment for depression?

A

Newer antidepressants have fewer side effects and not lethal in overdose

21
Q

Clients who take high doses of benzodiazepines for a prolonged period of time are at high risk for addiction to it?

A

Yes

22
Q

What are beta-blockers?

A

Are blood pressure medications that reduce the physiological sxs of anxiety (rapid breathing, rapid heart beat, muscle tension). Often used in social anxiety disorders and performance anxiety.

23
Q

What are some off labels use for anti depressants?

A

Management of chronic anxiety disorder, anti obsessional agents in OCD, control of some types of pain

24
Q

What percentage of people taking SSRIs that has a sexual side effect?

A

~About 60%

25
Q

If a client does not respond to meds what should be done before trying another type of med?

A

a. Make sure diagnosis is correct,
b. Make sure client is taking the medication long enough to produce a clinical effect
c. Make sure the dose of medication is sufficient

26
Q

Why are older MAOIs not used as a first line treatment for depression anymore?

A

a. Dietary restrictions
b. Negative drug interactions with many other types of medications
c. Overdose of these drugs can be fatal

27
Q

What are traditional (older) antipsychotic effective for?

A

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

28
Q

What are atypical (newer) antipsychotics effective for?

A

Both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

29
Q

Why must one’s blood level be checked if they take lithium?

A

a. To prevent toxicity

b. Narrow therapeutic window

30
Q

What are some physiological signs of depression?

A

a. Anhedonia
b. Fatigue/low energy
c. Appetite changes and weight loss or gain

31
Q

What are the first symptoms to improve with someone begins taking an antidepressant?

A

Physiological

32
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts and behaviors, word salad

33
Q

What is a theory/explanation as to why positive symptoms of schizophrenia happen?

A

Increased activity of dopamine

34
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

a. Apathy
b. Blunted affect
c. Social withdrawal

35
Q

What is a theory/explanation as to why negative symptoms of schizophrenia happen?

A

Reduced activity of dopamine, increase of serotonin

36
Q

What are some side effects of lithium?

A

a. Fine hand tremor
b. Weight gain
c. Increased urination

37
Q

What is Wellbutrin most effective for?

A

ADHD & Depression

38
Q

What are some neurological side effects of antipsychotic medication?

A

a. EPS
b. Akathisia
c. Dystonia
d. Tardive dyskinesia (TD)

39
Q

When prescribing doctors are choosing a drug for a client what are the most important things to consider?

A

a. Safety of the drug in overdose

b. Side effect profiles

40
Q

When treating the elderly what does “start low and go slow mean?”

A

Start meds at a small dose and increase it slowly in order to assess the persons response and minimize negative side effects

41
Q

What drug has been found to be the problematic in regards to birth defects while pregnant?

A

Anticonvulsants and mood stabilizers

42
Q

Why should benzodiazepines not used in treatment for children with anxiety?

A

Cognitive impairment that could impact learning and memory in school

43
Q

What is the most common health problem in kids?

A

ADHD

44
Q

How does depression most commonly manifest in children?

A

More anger and irritability and less sadness

45
Q

Do statistics show that many teens who have MDD develop bipolar within 5 years?

A

Yes

Psychopharm (2 decks)

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