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Reformation To The Present > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is Scholasticism?

A

A system that “describes the technical and academic side of this process of institutionalization and professionalization of Protestant doctrine in thenuniversities of the late 16th and 17th centuries”

Analogous to modern day empiricism

Is a method of discourse in the academy rather than a matter of content

Borrowed Aristotelian language and categories

Luther ane Calvin were in support of this, as it helped them teach God’s Word

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2
Q

What is Humanism?

A

Key term: Ad Fontes (to the fount/to the sources)

Highlights the importance of ancient texts in their original languages and contexts

Luther and Calvin were in support of this, as it helped them rediscover God’s Word

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3
Q

Luther

A

Born in Eisleben, Germany

Started the Reformation by writing the 95 Thesis against indulgences

Wrote The Heidelberg Disputation (1518) and the Treatise on Good Works (1520), To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520), The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520), The Freedom of the Christian (1520), and The Bondage of the Will (1525)

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4
Q

The Heidelberg Disputation

A

Written by Luther just after the 95 Theses in 1518

Contrasts a theology of glory with a theology of the cross

The centrality of Christ in Luther’s theology is on full display

Covers the Works of Men, the Nature of the Will, Theology of Independence (glory) and Dependence (cross), and Theology of Love

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5
Q

Treatise on Good Works

A

Written by Luther in 1520

Focuses on the 10 Commandments

Obedience flows from trust in Christ

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6
Q

To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

A

Written by Luther in 1520

Is a call to reformation

Outlines a 2 kingdom theology

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7
Q

The Babylonian Exile of the Church

A

Written by Luther in 1520

Emphasizes that God only gave 2 sacraments

Draws parallels between Rome and Babylon

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8
Q

The Freedom of the Christian

A

Written by Luther in 1520

Is an evangelical work directed to the Pope

Outlines justification by faith alone

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9
Q

Jean Calvin

A

Formed a “holy bond of friendship” with William Farel and Peter Viret

Originally forced to minister to the people of Geneva, but grew to love them with pastoral care over time

Wrote The Institutes, the first edition being published in 1536 and the last in 1559

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10
Q

The Institutes

A

Written by Jean Calvin

Started out as a little handbook

Went through 5 editions in his liftetime

God as Creator
God as Redeemer
The Individual Christian Life
The Church, The Means of Grace, and Civil Government

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11
Q

William Farel

A

Was a firebrand preacher

Friends with Calvin and Viret

Called down the curse of God on Calvin when he wanted to leave Geneva, scaring Calvin into compliance

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12
Q

Peter Viret

A

Warm hearted

Friends with Calvin and Farel

Calvin’s commentary on Titus is dedicated to him and Farel

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13
Q

Theodore Beza

A

Calvin’s apprentice

Had a high view of Farel and Viret

Taught Arminius

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14
Q

Martin Bucer

A

Architect of the Swiss Reformation

Luther, Kramer, and Calvin can all be tied to him

Called down a curse on Calvin for leaving Geneva

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15
Q

Cujus regio ejus religio?

A

A Latin phrase meaning “Whose realm is religion?”

Popularized during the 17th century

Was asked because each local magistrate was able to determine the religion of their realm

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16
Q

The Peace of Augsburg

A

Written in 1555

Was a treaty between Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League

Sought to establish peace between Catholic and Lutheran territories across Europe

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17
Q

Germany, England, and Switzerland

A

Were more theaters of conflict than reform in the 17th century

Faced vast political, technological, and theological changes

The Peace of Augsburg was designed to prevent war, but it was only a bandaid

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18
Q

The Thirty Years War

A

1618-1648

Protestant Lutherans vs Catholics

Civil War between states

France, Austria, and Spain each fought for European hegemony

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19
Q

Orthodoxy

A

Early, High, and Late

Early spans from right after Calvin to the first confessions

High is the apex of the post-reformation (Turretin and Owen)

Late is the fall of confessionalization and the rise of the Enlightenment

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20
Q

Robert Bellarmine

A

1542-1621

Was a trained Jesuit, philospher, and theologian

Became a Cardinal of the Roman Church

Wrote a lengthy polemic against the Protestants, which he deemed to be heretics

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21
Q

Jacob Arminius

A

1560-1609

Student of Theodore Beza

Represents an internal critique of Reformed Theology

Wrote Declaration of Sentiments in 1609

His teachings were codified in the Five Articles of Remonstrance in 1610

22
Q

Johan Von Staupitz

A

Luther’s mentor

Recommended that Luther teach at the University of Wittenberg

Sent Luther on his pilgrimage to Rome

23
Q

Frederick of Saxony

A

Known as Frederick the Wise

Was the Elector of Saxony

Had an enormous collection of relics

Protected Luther by arranging his kidnapping after the Diet of Worms

24
Q

Johan Tetzel

A

Was a travelling salesman for the Church

Was a big name when it came to selling indulgences

His famous catchphrase was “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs”

25
Q

The Dichotomist Debate

A

The premise is that the reformation was an island between the medieval and post-reformation periods

Posits that scholasticism corrupted the Bible by imposing Aristotelian categories on it

Holds that the Reformation revolves around predestination and Calvinism

26
Q

Supralapsarianism

A

A theological doctrine concerning the logical order of the divine decree

Teaches that the decree of election and reprobation comes prior to the Fall

Popularized by William Perkins in his book The Golden Chain (1591)

27
Q

Reply to Sadoleto

A

Written by Calvin in 1539

Sadoleto was a Catholic Cardinal who tried to win back Geneva

In this reply, Calvin calls Geneva to remain steadfast

28
Q

Preface to Commentary on the Psalms

A

Most significant source on Calvin’s conversion

Frames the Christian life in terms of providence

Understands conversion as a supernatural work

29
Q

Michael Servetus

A

Heretic who denied the Trinity

Both Catholics and Protestants wanted him dead

Fled to Geneva for refuge, but was ultimately tried and executed there

Calvin played a role in his sentencing

30
Q

William Perkins

A

Conformist (worked with the Church of England)

Influenced by Ramism

Wrote The Golden Chain and The Art of Prophecying

Was a best seller, outselling Calvin, Beza, and Bullwinger combined

31
Q

The Golden Chain

A

Written by Perkins in 1590

Shows the logical order of redemption

Taught supralapsarianism

32
Q

The Art of Prophesying

A

Written by Perkins in 1592

Shows the importance of substance and form in preaching

Meant to find Christ in every text

33
Q

John Owen

A

Leading Non-Conformist

Proponent of High Calvinism

Outlived all 11 of his children

34
Q

Norma Normans

A

Latin term meaning “norming norm”

Speaks to the authority of Scripture and how it relates to confessions

Scripture is the norming norm

35
Q

Norma Normata

A

Latin phrase meaning “the normed norm”

Speaks to the authority of Scripture and how it relates to confessions

Creeds and confessions are the normed norm

36
Q

Belgic Confession

A

Written by Guido De Bres

Knowledge of God and Scripture were prevalent

The Sacraments are accentuated

Adopted by the Synod of Dort in 1619

37
Q

Heidelberg Catechism

A

Written by Zacharius Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus

Bite-sized Q&A format

Split into 52 sections, one for every Lord’s Day of the year

38
Q

Synod of Dort

A

1618-19

Defined the 5 points of Calvinism in response to the 5 articles of the Remonstrance

Condemned Arminianism as heresy

39
Q

Anfechtung

A

German term meaning crisis/existential angst

Used by Luther to describe his guilt

Luther was paralyzed by the holiness of God

40
Q

Katerina Von Bora

A

Escaped nun who became Luther’s wife in 1525

Had 5 children with Luther

Her and Luther made the home the center of the ministry

41
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Reigned from 1558-1603 in England

Daughter of Henry VIII

Protestant, supported Church of England

42
Q

Puritanism

A

Diverse branch of Protestantism in England, Scotland, Ireland, and the New World

Originally a derogatory term for those trying to purify the Church of England of Catholic elements

Begins inside the Church of England, ends in non-conformity

43
Q

Socinianism

A

Logical outworking of Arminianism

Precursor to Unitarianism, Liberalism, and Open Theism (the future is up to us to decide)

Lelio and Fausto Sozzini

44
Q

Ramism

A

Named after philosopher Peter Ramus

Simplified Aristotelian logic

The bifurcation of categories in order to create concrete definitions

Influenced William Perkins

45
Q

Infralapsarianism

A

Concerns the order of the divine decree

Places predestination after the Fall

Can be found within the Reformed tradition

46
Q

Amyraldianism

A

Hypothetical Universalism

Concerns the order of the divine decree of election

Places atonement prior to predestination

Can be found within the Reformed tradition

47
Q

William Ames

A

Synod of Dort

Hammer of the Arminians

Proponent of Covenant Theology

Student of Perkins

48
Q

John Preston

A

Conformist

Challenged Perkins on predestination

Hypothetical Universalist

Student of Perkins

49
Q

Westminster Confession of Faith

A

1646

Written by the Westminster Divines

Accepted in the Church of England

Doctrine of Scripture

Doctrine of Covenant

Doctrine of Christ

Doctrine of Adoption

Law & Liberty of Conscience

50
Q

Idelette de Bure

A

Calvin’s wife

Had 2 children from a previous marriage to an Anabaptist

Died in 1549, leaving Calvin to take care of his step kids

Reformation To The Present (2 decks)

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