Midterm

Question 1

alcohol abuse screening

Answer 1

Cut down
Annoyed by comments about drinking
Guilty about drinking
Eye opener

Question 2

agraphia

Answer 2

inability to write

Question 3

amnesia

Answer 3

inability to retain new information

Question 4

aphasia

Answer 4

a complete loss of language function, but in practice a synonym for dysphasia

Question 5

broca’s aphasia

Answer 5

from damage to left frontal lobe, non-fluent, often accompanied by right sided weakness, usually with insight and frustration

Question 6

delirium

Answer 6

acute, confusional state characterized by clouded, reduced, or shifting attention often associated with sensory misperception or disturbed thinking

Question 7

dementia

Answer 7

acquired impairment of memory and at least one other cognitive function without clouding of the sensorium or underlying psychiatric disease

Question 8

dysphasia

Answer 8

acquired disorder of language not due to generalized intellectual impairment or psychiatric disturbance

Question 9

expressive aphasia

Answer 9

acquired language disorder in which verbal output is nonfluent

Question 10

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 10

from damage to temporal lobe, fluent but non-sensical, associated with receptive problems, not with insight or weakness

Question 11

akathisia

Answer 11

sped up motor activity

Question 12

bradykinesia

Answer 12

slowed down motor activity

Question 13

catatonia

Answer 13

immobile and rigid

Question 14

confusion

Answer 14

acute inability to function cognitively

Question 15

lethargy

Answer 15

slow speech and responses, patient aware of surroundings but drifts off when not stimulated

Question 16

obtundation

Answer 16

reduced alertness from which patient can be aroused by continued stimulus

Question 17

stupor

Answer 17

partial awareness from which patient can only be briefly aroused by intense stimulus

Question 18

dysarthria

Answer 18

difficulty speaking because of problems with muscle control resulting from neurologic injury or disease

Question 19

cerebellar dysarthria

Answer 19

jerky uncoordinated movement of speech muscles

Question 20

aphonia or dysphonia

Answer 20

inability to produce normal speech sounds, often psychogenic

Question 21

MMSE

Answer 21

• test helpful in early diagnosis of dementia
• helpful in documenting progression of dementia
• does not distinguish between dementia and delirium
• consider age and education when interpreting

Question 22

cranial nerves

Answer 22

1. olfactory
2. optic
3. oculomotor
4. trochlear
5. trigeminal
6. abducens
7. facial
8. auditory
9. glossopharyngeal
10. vagus
11. accessory
12. hypoglossal

Question 23

achilles reflex nerve root

Answer 23

Sacral 1

Question 24

patellar reflex nerve root

Answer 24

lumbar 2, 3, 4

Question 25

brachioradialis nerve root

Answer 25

cervical 5, 6

Question 26

biceps reflex nerve root

Answer 26

cervical 5, 6

Question 27

triceps reflex nerve root

Answer 27

cervical 6, 7

Question 28

loss of vibration sensation

Answer 28

peripheral neuropathies

Question 29

loss of proprioception

Answer 29

posterior column or peripheral nerve disease

Question 30

loss of discrimination

Answer 30

suggests sensory cortex disease

Question 31

flaccidity

Answer 31

loss of muscle tone

Question 32

spasticity

Answer 32

increased muscle resistance worse at extremes

Question 33

lead pipe rigidity

Answer 33

resistance throughout ROM flexion and extension

Question 34

cogwheel rigidity

Answer 34

resistance that seems to release and return throughout ROM

Question 35

motor exam strength scale

Answer 35

0- no muscular contraction detected 1- barely detectable muscle contraction (twitch) 2- active movement with gravity eliminated 3- active movement against gravity 4- active movement against some resistance 5- active movement against full resistance

Question 36

elbow flexion/extension nerve roots

Answer 36

biceps C 5/6 | triceps C 6/7/8

Question 37

wrist extension nerve roots

Answer 37

C 6/7/8 | radial nerve

Question 38

grip strength nerve roots

Answer 38

C 7/8 | T 1

Question 39

finger abduction nerve roots

Answer 39

C8 T1 Ulnar nerve

Question 40

opposition nerve root

Answer 40

C8 T1 median nerve

Question 41

hip flexion nerve root

Answer 41

L 2, 3, 4

Question 42

hip adduction nerve roots

Answer 42

L 2, 3, 4

Question 43

hip abduction nerve root

Answer 43

L 4,5 | S 1

Question 44

hip extension nerve root

Answer 44

S1

Question 45

knee extension nerve root

Answer 45

L 2, 3, 4

Question 46

Knee flexion nerve root

Answer 46

L 4, 5 | S 1, 2

Question 47

ankle dorsiflexion nerve root

Answer 47

L 4,5

Question 48

ankle plantarflexion nerve root

Answer 48

S 1

Question 49

butterfly rash on cheeks

Answer 49

lupus

Question 50

scaly rash, pitted nails

Answer 50

scoriasis

Question 51

papules, pustules on red base of distal extremities

Answer 51

disseminated gonorrhea which can lead to septic arthritis

Question 52

physical exam for every musculoskeletal injury

Answer 52

observation palpation ROM Circulation, motor, sensation

Question 53

shoulder joints

Answer 53

sternoclavicular scapulothoracic acromioclavicular glenohumerol

Question 54

trapezius shoulder shrug

Answer 54

C4

Question 55

supraspinatus and deltoid shoulder abduction

Answer 55

C5

Question 56

biceps and wrist extensor (waiter carry)

Answer 56

C6

Question 57

triceps, wrist flexor, finger extensor (waiter tip)

Answer 57

C7

Question 58

finger flexor (bucket carry with no thumb)

Answer 58

C8

Question 59

thumb and finger abductor

Answer 59

T1

Question 60

saphenous sensation

Answer 60

medial calf

Question 61

sural sensation

Answer 61

lateral calf

Question 62

tibial sensation

Answer 62

bottom of foot

Question 63

deep fibular sensation

Answer 63

1st dorsal space

Question 64

superficial fibular sensation

Answer 64

top of foot

Question 65

bony ankle palpation

Answer 65

``` proximal fibula medial/lateral malleolus navicular 5th metatarsal base calcaneus ```

Question 66

mammary ridge

Answer 66

- ridge of ectoderm begins in bilateral pectoral area | - extends proximally to axilla, distally to groin

Question 67

milk line

Answer 67

corresponding to mammary ridge along which supernumerary breasts or nipples form

Question 68

polythelia

Answer 68

supernumerary nipples

Question 69

polymastia

Answer 69

supernumery breasts

Question 70

poland syndrom

Answer 70

failure of breast development | may include absence of pectoral muscles as well

Question 71

BiRADS

Answer 71

``` 0- incomplete, additional studies needed 1- normal or negative 2- benign findings 3- probably benign, repeat in 6 months 4- suspicious, needs biopsy 5- highly suspicious, biopsy 6- biopsy proven cancer ```