Final Flashcards
mammary ridge
- ridge of ectoderm begins in bilateral pectoral area
- extends proximally to axilla, distally to groin
milk line
corresponding to mammary ridge along which supernumerary breasts or nipples form
polythelia
supernumerary nipples
polymastia
supernumery breasts
poland syndrome
- failure of breast development
- may include absence of pectoral muscles as well
BiRADS
0- incomplete, additional studies needed 1- normal or negative 2- benign findings 3- probably benign, repeat in 6 months 4- suspicious, needs biopsy 5- highly suspicious, biopsy 6- biopsy proven cancer
fibroadenoma
-normal course is growth 1-2 cm then eventual involution
mastalgia
- mild cyclic breast discomfort for a few days is normal
- severe disabling pain requires treatment
cysts
- likely result from uneven involution of ducts and lobules
- treat if symptomatic or if diagnosis uncertain
pre teen female breast masses
- breast bud even if unilateral
- no biopsy
teenage male breast mass
- pubescent gynecomastia
- will resolve
- can do ultrasound to reassure family
teenage female breast mass
- fibroadenoma
- follow with serial exam/ultrasound
- correlate ultrasound with menses
- no biopsy
- if enlarging or symptomatic, excise
female 20s-30s breast mass
- still most likely fibroadenoma
- ultrasound
- needle biopsy if high risk or pregnant
female mid 30s to menopause breast mass
- multiple etiologies
- mammogram and ultrasound
- needle biopsy unless obviously benign
middle aged male breast mass
- firm, non-tender, and not directly below nipple then ultrasound and needle biopsy
- if opposite then consider ultrasound
post menopausal breast mass
- on HRT = treat as if pre-menopausal
- no HRT = heightened cancer suspicion
cyst
- aspirate in office
- if fluid bloody, consider biopsy
abscess
- aspirate in office
- send for cytology
- begin antibiotics
hypospadias
urethral opening in abnormal position
inguinal adenopathy causes
- STI
- testicular cancer
hydrocele
- fluid filled collection that can occur anywhere along the path of descent of the testis or ovary
- light can shine through
hernia
protrusion of a portion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the wall that normally contains it
incarceration
hernia that cannot be reduced by manipulation; could possibly be strangulated
strangulation
vascular compromised of the contents of a incarcerated hernia
