Midterm Flashcards
(80 cards)
4 D’s of a Mental Disorder
deviance, dysfunction, distress, dangerousness
Dimensions underlying mental disorders
normal->mental disorder: more severe
History of Abnormal: Pre-common era
cause by supernatural phenomena, exorcism for treatments or trephination
Greek and Roman Thought
Hippocrates thought brain dysfunction was the reason for disorder
Renaissance
brought use of asylums, good intent, turned bad until eventually reformed
Dimensional Perspective
thought, behaviors, and emotions are a continuum of impairment
Primary Prevention
targeting groups who have not developed mental disorder: school curriculum, non discrimination, improve housing, educational resources
secondary prevention
addressing problems as they emerge while they are still manageable, before they become resistant to intervention
tertiary prevention
reducing the severity, duration, and negative effects of a mental disorder after its onset
consumer perspective
present relevant info in a way that will be easy to retain
biological model
focuses on genetics, nervous system and neurons, brain and brain changes, other factors like hormones
evaluating the biological model
pros: highly respected, findings have helped our understanding of many disorders
cons: not a full account of any disorder, denies crucial environmental/other factors that influence behavior
psychodynamic model
id(pleasure principle), ego(reality), and superego(internalized ideals). Psychosexual stages from birth to adolescence. Uses defense mechanisms to describe coping strategies.
Evaluating psychodynamic model
pros: focus on importance of early childhood, defense mechanisms make sense
cons: little empirical evidence supports, over emphasis of sexual and aggressive energy as engine of behavior
humanistic model
concepts include: self-actualization, conditional and unconditional positive regard, empathy, existential aspects of life, meaning of life
Maslow
(humanistic) well known for hierarchy of needs and self-actualization:
physiological->physical safety/security->social belonging->esteem and ego (accomplishments)->self actualization
Rogers
(humanist) client-centered therapy, importance of empathy and positivity in relationships
May
(humanist) best known for focus on existential aspects of psych including authenticity and meaning of life
evaluating the humanistic model
pros: focuses on human choice and growth, more optimistic, emphasizes responsibility, roger’s approach has been very important to helping clients
cons: more grounded in philosophy than science, many factors other than human perception influence behavior and disorders
cog-behavioral model
classic conditioning, schemas, working on cognition to modify cognitive set and thus change behavior
evaluating the cognitive behavioral model
pros: revolutionized treatment of many disorders, many of the treatments prove successful in therapy
cons: sometimes reductionistic, in that it reduces complex disorders to aberrant thinking, does not help understand etiology
sociocultural model
culture ethnicity race social upbringing and community have a large role in shaping cognition. different disorders more common in different genders and cultures and communities. family plays a big role
evaluating sociocultural model
pros: highlights importance of social influences on cognition, provides good info on stressors
cons: linking social, cultural, or envi factors to health can only be correlational, not everyone exposed to various adverse influences will go on to develop disorder
diathesis-stress model
diathesis: predisposition or vulnerability to developing disorder, can be genetic, biological, or developmental
stress: environmental stressors trigger onset of disorder, can be noxious physical stressors, relationships, jobs, trauma, abuse, neglect
